Zhen Guo, Jing Su, Lu Liu+8 more · 2025 · Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24
Precise differential diagnosis between lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) remains a challenging issue because of overlapping clinicopath Show more
Precise differential diagnosis between lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) remains a challenging issue because of overlapping clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features. In the present study, the differential diagnostic potential of CD180 was assessed by determining its expression patterns in patients with MZL and LPL/WM through flow cytometry. The results indicated that LPL/WM cases exhibited a complete absence of CD180 expression on malignant B cells, whereas MZL cases showed robust CD180 expression (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that CD180 expression percentage showed optimal diagnostic accuracy in LPL/WM and MZL cases (area under the curve = 0.998, sensitivity = 100%, and specificity = 98.0%), with a further improvement in differentiation potential by the CD180 mean fluorescence intensity ratio (lymphocytes/monocytes) of ≤ 0.47 (area under the curve = 0.937). Moreover, although the MYD88 Show less
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins Show more
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins and admixture history remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive genomic study of Kirgiz populations from Xinjiang, China (XJ.KGZ, n = 36) and their counterparts in Kyrgyzstan (KRG), integrating genome-wide data of 2,406 global individuals. Our analyses reveal four primary ancestry components in XJ.KGZ: East Asian (41.7%), Siberian (25.6%), West Eurasian (25.2%), and South Asian (7.6%). Despite close genetic affinity (FST = 0.13%), XJ.KGZ and KRG diverged ∼447 years ago, with limited gene flow post-split. A two-wave admixture model elucidates their demographic history: an initial East-West Eurasian mixture ∼2,225 years ago, likely reflecting west-east contacts during the period of the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty, followed by secondary admixture events (∼875 to 425 years ago) linked to historical migrations under Mongol and post-Mongol rule. Local adaptation signatures implicate genes critical for cellular tight junction (e.g. PATJ), pathogen invasion (e.g. OR14I1), and cardiac functions (e.g. RYR2) with allele frequency deviations suggesting ancestry-specific selection. While no classical high-altitude adaptation genes (e.g. EPAS1) showed selection signals, RYR2 and C10orf67-implicated in hypoxia response in Tibetan fauna-displayed Western ancestry bias, hinting at convergent adaptation mechanisms. This study advances our understanding of the genetic makeup and admixture history of the Kirgiz people and provides novel insights into human dispersal in Central Asia. Show less
Light-responsive porous liquids (LPLs) attract significant attention for their controllable gas uptake under light irradiation, while their preparation has remained a great challenge. Here we report t Show more
Light-responsive porous liquids (LPLs) attract significant attention for their controllable gas uptake under light irradiation, while their preparation has remained a great challenge. Here we report the fabrication of type II LPLs with enhanced light-responsive efficiency by tailoring the host's functionality for the first time. The functionality of light-responsive metal-organic cage (MOC-RL, constructed from dicopper and responsive ligands) is modified by introducing the second long-chain alkyl ligand, producing MOC-RL-AL as a new host. A spatially hindered solvent based on polyethylene glycol, IL-NTf Show less
Gut microbiota not only biosynthesizes branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) but also catabolizes and utilizes them, while the effects of dietary BCAA supplementation on intestinal microbiota and metaboli Show more
Gut microbiota not only biosynthesizes branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) but also catabolizes and utilizes them, while the effects of dietary BCAA supplementation on intestinal microbiota and metabolism remain largely elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary BCAA supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, gut microbiota and metabolism in laying hens. A total of 180 Fengda No.1 laying hens aged 41 weeks were randomly assigned to five groups, with each group consisting of six replicates of six hens, and the experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The control group (Ctrl AA) was fed a basal diet, while the other four groups were supplemented with 67% leucine (High Leu), isoleucine (High Ile), both leucine and isoleucine (High Leu + Ile), or a combination of the three BCAA (High BCAA), respectively, based on the Ctrl AA. The results demonstrated that compared with Ctrl AA, both High Ile and High BCAA significantly decreased egg mass and laying rate ( Show less
Background Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of FGFR1(MLN-FGFR1), also referred to as 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), arises from aberrant FGFR1 gene rearrangement Show more
Background Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of FGFR1(MLN-FGFR1), also referred to as 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), arises from aberrant FGFR1 gene rearrangement in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in the transformation of myeloid/lymphoid cells into neoplastic growths. The clinical and laboratory features of affected individuals are influenced by the specific partner genes. Purpose This article aims to report a case of MLN-FGFR1 involving a novel CNTRL::FGFR1 splicing variant and to discuss its clinicopathological characteristics and treatment challenges. Methods/Results We report a case of MLN-FGFR1 in a 35-year-old male patient presenting with leukocytosis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and a mixed population of B lymphoblasts, T lymphoblasts, and monoblasts in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Comprehensive molecular profiling, including chromosomal karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), targeted transcriptome sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing, identified a novel splicing variant of the CNTRL::FGFR1 fusion, resulting from a t(8;9)(p11;q33) translocation. This novel splicing variant involves an in-frame fusion between exon 38 of CNTRL and exon 11 of FGFR1, retaining the kinase domain of FGFR1 and leading to its constitutive activation. Despite multiple treatment regimens, the patient failed to achieve complete remission (CR). Conclusion The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted therapies, such as FGFR inhibitors, to improve outcomes in patients with FGFR1-rearranged malignancies. Show less
Notch2 activation promotes kidney cyst growth. Silencing Notch2 ameliorated cyst growth in mice with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Notch signaling, a conserved mechanism of cell-to-cel Show more
Notch2 activation promotes kidney cyst growth. Silencing Notch2 ameliorated cyst growth in mice with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Notch signaling, a conserved mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation, in a context-dependent manner. However, the specific contribution of Notch signaling to the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) remains unclear. We investigated the changes in Notch signaling activity (Notch1–4) in the kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and two ADPKD mouse models (early and late onset). Multiple genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to explore Notch2 signaling during kidney cyst formation in PKD. Notch2 expression was significantly increased in the kidney tissues of patients with ADPKD and ADPKD mice. Targeted expression of Notch2 intracellular domain in renal epithelial cells resulted in cyst formation and kidney failure in neonatal and adult mice. Mechanistically, Notch2/Hey2 signaling promoted renal epithelial cell proliferation by driving the expression of the E26 transformation–specific homologous factor (Ehf). Depletion of Ehf delayed Notch2 intracellular domain overexpression–induced cyst formation and kidney failure in mice. A gain-of-function mutation in exon 34 of Notch2 signaling promoted kidney cyst growth, partially by upregulating Ehf expression. Show less
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are interrelated conditions that significantly impair quality of life. This study aimed to identify a feasible biomarker for assessing T2D-MCI Show more
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are interrelated conditions that significantly impair quality of life. This study aimed to identify a feasible biomarker for assessing T2D-MCI risk and to evaluate a potential therapeutic strategy. We integrated data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate genetic causal relationships between T2D, MCI, and their shared biomarkers. Transcriptomic analysis identified T2D-associated genes. Clinical trials evaluated the short-term effects of modified fasting therapy (MFT) on glucose regulation and cognitive function. Cellular assays and patient samples were used to validate the regulatory roles of key genes in biochemical markers and downstream signaling pathways. Among 6,356 T2D and 1,138 MCI subjects, vitamin D, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), globulin, and creatinine were associated with both conditions. MR analysis showed that higher HDL-C levels reduced T2D risk (0.9059, 95% CI: 0.8666-0.9470) but increased MCI risk (OR = 1.0482, 95% CI: 1.0216-1.0755). Nuclear factor I A ( HDL-C has divergent genetic effects on T2D and MCI. Show less
Excessive adipose tissue accumulation adversely impacts the health of both humans and livestock. Adenylyl cyclase 3 (ADCY3) is a promising anti-obesity target, yet its regulatory role in adipogenesis Show more
Excessive adipose tissue accumulation adversely impacts the health of both humans and livestock. Adenylyl cyclase 3 (ADCY3) is a promising anti-obesity target, yet its regulatory role in adipogenesis remains incompletely understood. Our findings revealed a dynamic pattern of ADCY3 expression during adipogenesis and lipid droplet (LDs) accumulation. Functional analyses demonstrated that ADCY3 overexpression impaired adipogenesis by downregulating adipogenic transcription factors CEBPα and PPARγ. Furthermore, it reduced both the number and size of LDs through suppressing triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid metabolism, concomitantly downregulating key genes involved in LDs formation (PLIN1, CIDEC, FIT2, and Seipin), as well as factors mediating glycerol ester synthesis and fatty acid metabolism (DGAT1, DGAT2, ACC, SCD, FASN, and ACSL1). Transcriptomic profiling revealed that ADCY3 overexpression suppressed PPARγ signaling, leading to the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Our results implicate ADCY3 in the regulation of lipid metabolism, with the speculative involvement of mitochondrial metabolic remodeling. This perspective offers a framework for developing future interventions against excessive lipid deposition. Show less
Meng Xiong, Renjie Luo, Zhijiao Zhang+4 more · 2025 · Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · Springer · added 2026-04-24
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Sepsis-induced ARDS involves excessive inflammatory responses, which are modulate Show more
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Sepsis-induced ARDS involves excessive inflammatory responses, which are modulated by macrophages. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of Recombinant Mouse IL-27 Protein on macrophage ferroptosis and polarization, as well as its impact on sepsis-induced ARDS. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model was established using wild-type (WT) or IL27R In vitro, IL-27 alone did not alter the expression of proteins linked to the ferroptosis pathway or macrophage polarization. Contrastingly, the combination of IL-27 with LPS further amplified LPS-induced alterations in the ferroptosis pathway, thereby promoting macrophage M1 polarization and inhibiting M2 polarization. Additionally, IL-27 + LPS increased ROS levels in macrophages. A sepsis-induced ARDS mouse model was then established via CLP. In vivo, IL-27 exacerbated CLP-induced lung injury in WT mice. Additionally, it decreased the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins (Nrf2, HO-1, GPX4) and increased those of Ptgs2 in the lung tissue of septic mice. Besides, GSH and SOD levels in lung tissue were also reduced. Moreover, IL-27 also promoted M1 polarization and inhibited M2 polarization in macrophages. In IL27R Oltipraz may alleviate ARDS-related lung injury by up-regulating Nrf2 expression and concurrently inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis. Show less
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, and most CRCs arise from colorectal adenomas. Early detection and removal of precancerous lesions during the adenoma-carci Show more
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, and most CRCs arise from colorectal adenomas. Early detection and removal of precancerous lesions during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence can significantly reduce CRC risk. However, current clinical practice lacks rapid, noninvasive screening tools for reliable adenoma detection. Proteomic analysis was performed on serum samples from patients with inflammatory polyps (non-neoplastic), patients with adenomas, and healthy controls to identify key differentially expressed proteins capable of distinguishing adenoma patients. The alterations in these candidate proteins were further validated by ELISA to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal adenoma. In two independent cohorts, we identified two candidate biomarkers, apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and filamin A (FLNA), through a multi-step selection process involving ANOVA p-value screening, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA), and LASSO regression analysis. These candidates were subsequently validated in a third cohort using ELISA. The ELISA results for APOA4 were discordant with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) findings. In contrast, FLNA levels measured by ELISA showed a progressive decrease from healthy controls to patients with inflammatory polyps and further to those with adenomas. We propose FLNA as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal adenomas. The areas under the ROC curves exceeded 0.7 for both key clinical comparisons: 0.810 for adenomas versus healthy controls, and 0.734 for adenomas versus inflammatory polyps. Overall, this study not only enhances our understanding of the serum proteome in colorectal adenoma but also identifies FLNA as a promising biomarker for its clinical diagnosis. Show less
Traumatic defects or non-union fractures presents a substantial challenge in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although synthetic calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaPs) Show more
Traumatic defects or non-union fractures presents a substantial challenge in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although synthetic calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaPs) such as dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrate (DCPA) are commonly employed for bone repair, their inadequate cellular immune responses significantly impede sustained degradation and optimal osteogenesis. In this study, drawing inspiration from the key structure of an acidic non-collagenous protein-CaP complex (ANCPs-CaP) essential for natural bone formation, we prepared biomimetic mineralized dibasic calcium phosphate (MDCPA). This preparation utilized plant-derived non-collagenous protein Zein as the organic template and acidic artificial saliva as the mineralization medium. Physicochemical property analysis revealed that MDCPA is a complex of Zein and DCPA, which mimics the composite of the natural ANCP-CaP. Moreover, MDCPA exhibited enhanced biodegradability and osteogenic potential. Mechanistic insight revealed that MDCPA can be phagocytized and degraded by macrophages via the FCγRIII receptor, leading to the release of interleukin 27 (IL-27), which promotes osteogenic differentiation by osteoimmunomodulation. The critical role of IL-27 in osteogenesis is further confirmed using IL-27 gene knockout mice. Additionally, MDCPA demonstrates effective healing of critical-sized defects in rat cranial bones within only 4 w, providing a promising basis and valuable insights for critical-sized bone defects regeneration. Show less
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease of premature infants, characterized by immune dysregulation and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. Interl Show more
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease of premature infants, characterized by immune dysregulation and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. Interleukin-27 receptor α (IL-27Ra), a critical component of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, exhibits dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in various inflammatory conditions. However, its role in NEC pathogenesis remains unclear. To elucidate the functional role of IL-27Ra in NEC development and assess its potential as a therapeutic target. A multi-tiered approach was employed, including integrative analysis of clinical NEC specimens by single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, and a neonatal mouse NEC model. NEC was induced in mice via hyperosmolar formula feeding combined with LPS gavage, intermittent hypoxia, and cold stress. Additional experiments included immunofluorescence staining for IL-27Ra, cytokine profiling (ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)), use of IL-27Ra knockout (IL-27Ra Show less
Ursolic acid (UA) exhibits antitumor activity; however, its effects and mechanisms on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the anti- T Show more
Ursolic acid (UA) exhibits antitumor activity; however, its effects and mechanisms on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the anti- TNBC mechanisms of UA by network pharmacology and experimental validation. TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells were treated with UA. A CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell growth, while flow cytometry assessed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The underlying mechanism and potential targets of UA for TNBC treatment were investigated by network pharmacology, including PharmMapper database, GO, KEGG enrichment, and PPI analysis. The protein expressions and phosphorylation levels of FGFR1, AKT, and ERK were measured by western blot. Pull-down assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and molecular docking were used to analyze the interaction between UA and FGFR1. Xenograft models were established to examine the effect of UA on TNBC tumor growth. UA effectively reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle in TNBC cells. Moreover, UA significantly regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax to induce apoptosis. The results of network pharmacology and western blot suggested that UA reduced FGFR1/AKT/ERK pathway. Furthermore, pull-down, CETSA, and molecular docking results revealed that UA directly bound to FGFR1. In the xenograft model, UA inhibited the growth by suppressing FGFR1. In this study, we employed network pharmacology and experimental approaches to elucidate the mechanism of UA on TNBC. The results demonstrated that UA targeted FGFR1 to inhibit TNBC via mediating FGFR1/AKT/ERK pathway. Our findings demonstrate that UA inhibits the FGFR1/AKT/ERK pathway by directly targeting FGFR1, thereby suppressing TNBC progression and supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for TNBC treatment. Show less
Studies have indicated that COVID-19 infection may accelerate the aging process in organisms. However, it remains unknown whether contracting COVID-19 affects life expectancy. Furthermore, the underly Show more
Studies have indicated that COVID-19 infection may accelerate the aging process in organisms. However, it remains unknown whether contracting COVID-19 affects life expectancy. Furthermore, the underlying biological mechanisms behind these findings are still unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study on 56,504 participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank who reported the time and number of COVID-19 infection between January 2020 and September 2023. The parental average longevity was used as a proxy for their own longevity. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between COVID-19 infection and longevity. Furthermore, we investigated the shared genetic basis between COVID-19 and longevity using large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for COVID-19 (122,616 cases and 2,475,240 controls) and longevity (3,484 cases and 25,483 controls). Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analysis were utilized to assess causal relationships and potential mediators between COVID-19 susceptibility and longevity. Shared genetic loci between the two phenotypes were identified using conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) statistical frameworks. After controlling for relevant covariates, COVID-19 infection might not be significantly correlated with longevity. In all MR methods, generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR) analysis revealed a significant decrease in longevity due to severe COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.98, P = 0.015). Mediation analysis identified stroke and myocardial infarction as potential mediators between COVID-19 susceptibility and reduced longevity. At conjFDR < 0.05, we identified rs62062323 (KANSL1) and rs9530111 (PIBF1) as shared loci between COVID-19 and longevity. Together, our findings provided preliminary evidence for the shared genetic basics between COVID-19 and aging. This discovery may have implications for personalized medicine and preventive strategies, helping identify individuals who may be more vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19 due to their genetic makeup. Show less
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in later life, with the ε4 allele conferring higher risk. APOE disclosure is becoming increasingly Show more
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in later life, with the ε4 allele conferring higher risk. APOE disclosure is becoming increasingly common in the clinical care of people with Alzheimer's disease and in cognitively unimpaired adults. In this study, we aimed to describe changes in measures of genetic disease knowledge and psychiatric symptoms following APOE disclosure to cognitively unimpaired adults. Data were collected as part of the screening phase of the global, multicentre, Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Study 1 (NCT02565511). Eligible individuals were cognitively unimpaired (Mini-Mental State Exam total score ≥24), aged 60-75 years, and psychologically pre-screened for readiness (by measures of depressive symptoms and anxiety) to receive their APOE genotype from a health-care provider. Participants were assessed before disclosure, and 2-7 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after disclosure. Multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regressions were used to compare changes in genetic disease knowledge, anxiety, depression, and distress by APOE4 genotype status, adjusting for key covariates, with a focus on 2-7 days after disclosure. Multiple imputation by chained equations methods was used to account for missing outcome data. The trial took place between Nov 30, 2015, and Sept 23, 2019. In total, 9496 participants (including 790 APOE4 homozygotes, 4869 heterozygotes, and 3837 non-carriers) learned their APOE genotype from a health-care provider as part of Generation Study 1 screening. 4038 (42·5%) participants were in the 65-69-year age group, 5790 (61·0%) were female, 3706 (39·0%) were male, and 8862 (93·3%) self-identified as White. Increase in genetic disease knowledge 2-7 days after disclosure was greater in APOE4 homozygotes (mean 1·19 [SD 3·95]) than in heterozygotes (0·78 [3·95], p=0·042) and non-carriers (0·29 [3·96], p=0·0002). Disease-specific distress 2-7 days after disclosure increased more in homozygotes (2·25 [6·42]) than in heterozygotes (0·53 [5·08], p<0·0001) and non-carriers (0·79 [4·95], p<0·0001). Levels of anxiety 2-7 days after disclosure increased in homozygotes (0·17 [2·95]) but decreased in heterozygotes (-0·67 [2·68], p<0·0001) and non-carriers (-0·66 [2·67], p<0·0001). There were no significant changes in depressive symptoms following disclosure for any APOE4 group. Notably, for all APOE4 groups, increases in distress and anxiety were small and did not reach predefined levels of clinical concern. In cognitively unimpaired, psychologically pre-screened adults, APOE disclosure by a trained health-care provider was generally safe and well tolerated, consistent with results from previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the largest study experience of APOE disclosure to date, especially for homozygotes, and is notable for the older age of participants compared with previous research. These results are timely and important given anticipated increases in APOE disclosure to guide clinical decision making once an Alzheimer's disease prevention treatment is approved for cognitively unimpaired adults or if patients' family members are interested in genetic testing. Scalable approaches for returning Alzheimer's disease risk information are critical to meeting anticipated demand. Results from this study may be useful to bolster clinical translatability of disclosure programmes. The National Institute on Aging, Alzheimer's Association, Banner Alzheimer's Foundation, GHR Foundation, F-Prime Biomedical Research Initiative (FBRI), and Novartis Pharma. Show less
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying EA(elaidic acid)-induced lipid accumulation in VSMCs(vascular smooth muscle cells). CCK-8 assay determined the effects of EA(0-2.8 mmol/L) on MOVAS(m Show more
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying EA(elaidic acid)-induced lipid accumulation in VSMCs(vascular smooth muscle cells). CCK-8 assay determined the effects of EA(0-2.8 mmol/L) on MOVAS(murine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells)to select experimental concentrations. Oil Red O staining combined with quantitative lipid droplet analysis was conducted to examine the effects of EA on intracellular lipid droplet accumulation. Intracellular total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) levels were quantified spectrophotometrically to assess EA's effects on intracellular lipid levels. Western blot analyzed protein expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 to delineate EA's pro-foamogenic mechanism. EA dose-dependently suppressed MOVAS viability(P<0.01). EA-treated groups exhibited significant increases in lipid droplet area/number and TC/TG content versus controls(P<0.01). EA downregulated PPARγ and LXRα protein expression(P<0.05), subsequently suppressing downstream targets ABCA1 and ABCG1(P<0.05). EA disrupts lipid metabolism in VSMCs by inhibiting the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 signaling pathway, thereby inducing lipid accumulation and promoting foam cell formation. Show less
no PDFDOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.04.021
Dynamic responsive structural colored materials have drawn increased consideration in a wide range of applications, such as colorimetric sensors and high-safety tags. However, the sophisticated intera Show more
Dynamic responsive structural colored materials have drawn increased consideration in a wide range of applications, such as colorimetric sensors and high-safety tags. However, the sophisticated interactions among the individual responsive parts restrict the advanced design of multimodal responsive photonic materials. Inspired by stimuli-responsive color change in chameleon skin, a simple and effective photo-crosslinking strategy is proposed to construct hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) based hydrogels with multiple responsive structured colors. By controlling UV exposure time, the structural color of HPC hydrogels can be effectively controlled in a full-color spectrum. At the same time, HPC hydrogels showcase temperature and mechanical dual-responsive structural colors. In particular, the microstructure of HPC hydrogels undergoes a transition from the chiral nematic phase to the nematic phase under the action of external stretching, leading to a significant reflection of circularly polarized light (CPL) to linearly polarized light (LPL). Given the diverse responsiveness exhibited by HPC hydrogels and their unique structural transition properties under external forces, we have explored their potential applications as dynamic anti-counterfeiting labels and optical skins. This work reveals the great possibility of using structural colored cellulose hydrogels in multi-sensing and optical displays, opening up a new path for the exploration of next-generation flexible photonic devices. Show less
Objective: The potential association between sepsis risk and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) has been a focus of research; however, the causal relati Show more
Objective: The potential association between sepsis risk and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) has been a focus of research; however, the causal relationship between them remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize a causal association between genetically predicted FGFs, FGFRs, and sepsis risk, and we conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to validate this hypothesis. Methods: We utilized a two-sample MR design to assess the effect of genetic variants associated with various FGFs (FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF16, FGF19, FGF21, FGF23, FGF5) and FGFRs (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, α-Klotho) on sepsis risk, using genome-wide association study summary statistics. Our MR analyses employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, along with weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression, supplemented by sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness. Results: The MR analysis identified an unequal number of instrumental variables ranging from 2 to 17 for FGFs and FGFRs when sepsis was the outcome. No significant correlation was found between genetically determined FGF levels and sepsis risk by IVW analysis (all P > 0.05). Correspondingly, similar nonsignificant associations were observed for FGFRs (all P > 0.05). Other MR methods corroborated the IVW findings. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, indicated no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy in the relationships, with the exception of a nonsignificant correlation between FGFR1 and sepsis that persisted after the exclusion of an outlier (odds ratio, 0.84; P = 0.34). Conclusion: The analysis found no significant causal associations between FGFs, their receptors, and sepsis risk, indicating a need for further research on their complex interactions. Show less
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different Show more
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short- to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), delta-6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers. Using colocalization, we identified shared variants associated with both increased gene expression and changes in RBC PUFA levels in relevant PUFA metabolism tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, muscle, and whole blood). We observed differences in RBC versus plasma PUFA levels for genetically predicted increase in FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression, primarily for omega-6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The colocalization analysis identified rs102275 to be significantly associated with a 0.69% increase in total RBC membrane-bound LA levels (p = 5.4 × 10 Show less
The established body of knowledge attests to the pivotal influence of ANGPTL4 on lipid metabolism and vascular biology. Nevertheless, its potential implication in neurodegenerative disease remains to Show more
The established body of knowledge attests to the pivotal influence of ANGPTL4 on lipid metabolism and vascular biology. Nevertheless, its potential implication in neurodegenerative disease remains to be fully characterized. The present investigation delves into the involvement of ANGPTL4 in the pathological progression of PD, both in vitro and in vivo. PD models were induced by intraperitoneal administration of MPTP and LPS in WT and ANGPTL4 The observations unveiled that ANGPTL4 deficiency exacerbated behavioral aberrations, intensified dopaminergic neuron loss, and stimulated microglial activation along with p21-dependent senescence. There was an elevation in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the PD model. Furthermore, the administration of rANGPTL4 protein reversed the observed phenotypes in ANGPTL4 Our findings posit a salutary role for ANGPTL4 in counteracting PD, rendering it a prospective therapeutic target for the development of innovative drugs aimed at treating neuroinflammation-associated neurological diseases, including PD. Show less
Xinyue Shen, Chaobin Qin, Zhixiang Wang+5 more · 2025 · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · added 2026-04-24
The content and composition of milk fat are critical determinants influencing milk flavor, nutritional value, and economic significance. Buffalo milk is characterized by its high-fat content and compl Show more
The content and composition of milk fat are critical determinants influencing milk flavor, nutritional value, and economic significance. Buffalo milk is characterized by its high-fat content and complex lipid profile, characterized by elevated levels of health-beneficial fatty acids such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing milk fat synthesis in buffaloes remain incompletely elucidated. This study employed transcriptomic analysis of milk fat globules (MFGs) from buffaloes exhibiting high and low milk fat content, identifying 15 949 annotated genes, including 234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were predominantly associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, glyconeogenesis, and reproductive system development. Notably, the expression of IGFBP4, AGPAT4, GPAT3, GPR84, and PC exhibited positive correlations with buffalo milk fat content, identifying them as potential candidate genes regulating milk fat synthesis. Proteomic profiling identified 1678 proteins, including 53 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Enrichment analysis indicated that DEPs were primarily involved in nucleotide metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and TGF-β signaling. Integrated analysis revealed potential interactions involving the IGFBP4 and PC genes, as well as the ACO1, TMED7, and APRT proteins, highlighting IGFBP4 as a pivotal regulator of milk fat synthesis. Functional validation demonstrated that overexpression or knockdown of IGFBP4 in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) significantly modulated cell proliferation and altered the expression of key milk fat synthesis-related genes (FABP3, LPL, SCD, ACACA, and FASN), indicating that IGFBP4 can promote de novo fatty acid synthesis and intracellular lipid storage while inhibiting exogenous fatty acid uptake. Collectively, this study provides novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of milk fat synthesis in buffaloes and establishes a foundation for enhancing lactation traits through targeted genetic breeding strategies. Show less
Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health in the world. According to the latest global cancer statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were appr Show more
Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health in the world. According to the latest global cancer statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were approximately 20 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths worldwide. Amidst this global health concern, branched chain amino acids have emerged as key players, playing an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. In certain malignancies like colorectal cancer, the average level of BCAA in tumor tissues is twice that in normal tissues. BCAA metabolism is intricately associated with the progression of multiple tumors and is modulated by diverse enzymes, including BCAT, BCKDH, and BCKDK. The metabolism of BCAA involves multiple enzymes and biochemical processes via signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR, etc. In addition, mTOR inhibitors show potential value in cancer treatment by regulating the metabolism and signaling pathways of tumor cells, which provides a new direction for anticancer efforts. Simultaneously, BCAAs are closely associated with tumor immunity, including NK cells, CD4 Show less
Growing evidence suggests that lipid metabolism may play a crucial role in mood disorder pathophysiology, and the correlation between blood lipids and mood disorder remains further clarified. This pro Show more
Growing evidence suggests that lipid metabolism may play a crucial role in mood disorder pathophysiology, and the correlation between blood lipids and mood disorder remains further clarified. This prospective, population-based cohort study utilized data from the UK Biobank. The study included 268,098 and 292,121 participants who had never been diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder and who had complete data at both the baseline and follow-up points. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on seven blood lipids, and the first three principal components (PCs) were derived. Cox regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between the risk of mood disorders and the PCs. Multiplicative interaction and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. The relationship between blood lipids and neurological biomarkers was explored using Spearman's analysis. PC1, primarily reflecting levels of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), showed a protective effect against depression, with HRs of 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.96,1.00) in the fully adjusted Cox regression model. In contrast, PC2, characterized by opposite loadings for triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), was positively associated with the risk of depression and bipolar disorder.(HR = 1.03,95 % CI: 1.01,1.06; HR = 1.11, 95 % CI: 1.01,1.23). Increased PC2 level was related to a significant increase in bipolar disorder risk among participants with high genetic risk (genetic risk score > 90 %, HR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.02,1.46). Complicated correlations between blood lipids and serum neuroproteins were detected. These findings suggest complex associations between blood lipid profiles and the risk of depression and bipolar disorder. Show less
Previous studies have investigated the role of metabolic factors in risk of hematological malignancies with contradicting findings. Existing studies are generally limited by potential concern of rever Show more
Previous studies have investigated the role of metabolic factors in risk of hematological malignancies with contradicting findings. Existing studies are generally limited by potential concern of reverse causality and confounding by inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of glucose, lipid, and apolipoprotein biomarkers with the risk of hematological malignancy. We performed a study of over 560,000 individuals of the Swedish AMORIS cohort, with measurements of biomarkers for carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolism during 1985-1996 and follow-up until 2020. We conducted a prospective cohort study and used Cox models to investigate the association of nine different metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA I), and ApoB/ApoA-I) with risk of hematological malignancy, after excluding the first five years of follow-up and adjustment for inflammatory biomarkers. We observed a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with one SD increase of TC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.96), LDL-C (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.97), HDL-C (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.99), and ApoA-I (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.996). Our study highlights a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with a higher level of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and ApoA-I. Show less
The treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is characterized by a prolonged duration and complex medication regimens, often resulting in a substantial medication-related burden that neg Show more
The treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is characterized by a prolonged duration and complex medication regimens, often resulting in a substantial medication-related burden that negatively impacts patients' adherence and quality of life. However, research on the heterogeneity of medication-related burden among MDR-TB patients and its influencing factors remains limited. This study aimed to identify latent profiles of medication-related burden among MDR-TB patients and examine differences in burden characteristics across these profiles, thereby providing evidence for tailored intervention strategies. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit MDR-TB patients diagnosed at a tertiary infectious disease hospital in Chengdu between December 2024 and May 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), and the Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles of medication-related burden, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associated factors for each profile. A total of 214 valid responses were analyzed. The LPA identified two distinct profiles of medication-related burden: C1 - "Low-Burden (Attitude & Practice-Dominated)" (44%) and C2 - "High-Burden (Daily Interference-Dominated)" (56%). Absence of side effects, not employing a caregiver, and higher levels of health literacy were positively associated with membership in the C1 group ( Medication-related burden among MDR-TB patients exhibits clear heterogeneity. Healthcare professionals should adopt stratified management and personalized interventions based on the identified influencing factors to alleviate the burden of medication in this population. Show less
Intensive aquaculture frequently utilizes high-fat diets (HF) as a cost-effective strategy, yet this practice often induces hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in carnivorous Show more
Intensive aquaculture frequently utilizes high-fat diets (HF) as a cost-effective strategy, yet this practice often induces hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in carnivorous fish. Betaine, a natural methyl donor, has shown potential as a functional feed additive, but its comprehensive protective mechanisms under HF stress remain to be fully elucidated. Juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed one of four isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks: a normal-fat control (Control), a high-fat diet (HF), and two high-fat diets supplemented with 0.5% (HFB0.5) or 1.0% (HFB1) betaine. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, lipid metabolism, and inflammation were analyzed. The HF group exhibited significantly impaired growth, digestive function, and antioxidant capacity, along with elevated lipid peroxidation, dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Betaine supplementation restored growth performance and feed efficiency to control levels, ameliorated digestive enzyme activities (particularly enhancing lipase), and activated the hepatic Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, upregulating antioxidant genes (nrf2, sod1, cat, gpx, ho-1, gr) and enhancing enzyme activities. Betaine also improved serum lipid profiles, upregulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation (pparα, cpt-1) and lipolysis (lpl, hsl), suppressed lipogenic genes (srebp-1, fas), and rebalanced inflammatory cytokines by reducing tnf-α and il-1β while increasing tgf-β1 and il-10. Dietary betaine effectively counteracts HF-induced metabolic stress in M. salmoides through coordinated multi-pathway regulation. It enhances antioxidant defense, reprograms hepatic lipid metabolism toward catabolism, and restores inflammatory homeostasis. These findings underscore betaine's role as a multi-functional feed additive capable of mitigating HF-related metabolic disorders and promoting overall health in carnivorous fish aquaculture. Show less
The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway serves as a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, coordinating metabolic stress responses, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional programs. Its dysfunc Show more
The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway serves as a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, coordinating metabolic stress responses, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional programs. Its dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of complex modern diseases, spanning neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and chronic inflammatory conditions. This review examines the pathway's role as an integrative hub and its potential as a therapeutic target. We synthesize current mechanistic evidence from molecular, cellular, and preclinical studies to elucidate the pathway's operational logic and the consequences of its dysregulation. The analysis is structured around key disease paradigms-including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cardiovascular injury, stroke, and chronic kidney disease-to dissect its tissue-specific pathophysiological impacts. The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis operates through a core positive feedback loop: AMPK activation elevates NAD+, thereby activating SIRT1, which in turn deacetylates and activates PGC-1α to drive mitochondrial biogenesis and function, further reinforcing SIRT1 activity. Disruption of this cascade manifests in disease-specific mechanisms: promoting Aβ production via BACE1/γ-secretase in Alzheimer's; impairing α-synuclein clearance in Parkinson's; disrupting GLUT4 translocation and insulin signaling in diabetes; exacerbating oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular and neuronal injury; and accelerating fibrosis and sustained inflammation in renal and pulmonary diseases via NLRP3 and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway represents a cornerstone target at the intersection of metabolism, aging, and disease. Current therapeutic strategies-including pharmacological activators (e.g., metformin, SRT1720), natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol), lifestyle interventions (e.g., exercise, caloric restriction), and emerging technologies (e.g., gene editing, exosomal miRNAs)-offer multidimensional avenues for intervention. Future research must prioritize elucidating tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms, such as AMPK isoform diversity and PGC-1α interactome dynamics, to enable precision therapeutics and successful clinical translation for a range of complex disorders. Show less
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a substantial global threat. SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are essential for impeding the host replication mechanism while Show more
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a substantial global threat. SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are essential for impeding the host replication mechanism while also assisting in the production and organization of new viral components. However, NSPs are not incorporated into viral particles, and their subsequent fate within host cells remains poorly understood. Additionally, their role in viral pathogenesis requires further investigation. This study aimed to discover the ultimate fate of NSP6 in host cells and to elucidate its role in viral pathogenesis. We investigated the effects of NSP6 on cell death and explored the underlying mechanism; moreover, we examined the degradation mechanism of NSP6 in human cells, along with analysing its correlation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). NSP6 was demonstrated to induce cell death. Specifically, NSP6 interacted with EI24 autophagy-associated transmembrane protein (EI24) to increase intracellular Ca This study reveals that KLHL22-mediated ubiquitination controls NSP6 stability and that NSP6 induces autophagic cell death via calcium overload, highlighting its cytotoxic role and suggesting therapeutic strategies that target calcium signaling or promote NSP6 degradation as potential interventions against COVID-19. Show less
The common variant PNPLA3-I148M, globally, is the most significant genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease. However, it is unclear precisely how I148M drives disease risk. Using human hepatoma cel Show more
The common variant PNPLA3-I148M, globally, is the most significant genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease. However, it is unclear precisely how I148M drives disease risk. Using human hepatoma cells expressing endogenous I148M, we find that the variant impairs cellular secretion of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the scaffolding protein of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). This is not due to loss-of-function of wild-type PNPLA3. Expression of human I148M in primary hepatocytes and mice also hinders VLDL secretion. Lipidomic profiling reveals a shift from polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine to polyunsaturated triglycerides in I148M cells, reducing membrane fluidity and, concomitantly, VLDL biogenesis. ApoB secretion is substantially rescued in I148M cells overexpressing ABHD5/CGI-58, an I148M-binding partner that normally activates ATGL/PNPLA2-mediated triglyceride lipolysis. Conversely, knocking down CGI-58 or PNPLA2 mimics I148M. We propose that I148M is a neomorph that exacerbates fatty liver risk by simultaneously impeding two major CGI-58-dependent pathways for liver triglyceride clearance: lipolysis and secretion. Show less
This study aimed to investigate the role of Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) from epidemiological and genetic perspectives. We employed weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic re Show more
This study aimed to investigate the role of Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) from epidemiological and genetic perspectives. We employed weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to assess the relationship between ApoB and DN risk, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007-2016. Then, we used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to flexibly model and visualize the relation of predicted ApoB levels with DN risk. Subsequently, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association study summary statistics was performed. The primary Inverse Variance Weighted method, along with supplementary MR approaches, was employed to verify the causal link between ApoB and DN. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of the results. Our observational study enrolled 2242 participants with diabetes mellitus from NHANES. The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that elevated ApoB levels (>1.2 g/L), compared to low levels (<0.8 g/L), were significantly associated with DN risk (P < 0.05). The RCS model revealed a positive linear association with the risk of DN when ApoB levels exceeded 1.12 g/L (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.57, P = 0.008). However, the MR IVW method did not reveal a direct causal effect of DN on ApoB (OR: 0.976; 95% CI: 0.950-1.004; P = 0.095), nor a direct causal effect of ApoB on DN (OR: 0.837; 95% CI: 0.950-1.078; P = 0.428). The evidence from observational studies indicates a positive correlation between ApoB levels exceeding 1.12 g/L and the onset of DN. However, the causal effects of ApoB on DN and vice versa were not supported by the MR analysis. Show less