To determine the prevalence of CHD7, FGFR1 and ANOS1 variants and the impacts of their splicing variants on mis-splicing in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). Based on the w Show more
To determine the prevalence of CHD7, FGFR1 and ANOS1 variants and the impacts of their splicing variants on mis-splicing in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). Based on the whole-exome sequencing data from 280 CHH probands, we identified 15 potential splice-site variants in CHD7, ANOS1 and FGFR1 by using in silico software. The functional consequences of these variants were analyzed by the minigene assay or RT-PCR analyses of RNA taken from the peripheral lymphocytes. Detailed phenotyping was performed in the CHH patients harboring deleterious variants and their available family members. 11 out of 15 potential splice-site variants were demonstrated to cause mis-splicing, resulting in loss of function through deletion, insertion or frameshift of amino acids in the proteins. Most patients with deleterious splice-site variants in CHD7, ANOS1, FGFR1 presented with gene-specific non-reproductive phenotypes, confirming the pathogenic contribution of these variants to CHH. Our study indicated that splice-site variants in CHD7, ANOS1, FGFR1 underlie the genetic basis of ~3.9% of CHH patients, warranting the inclusion of potential splice-site variants for genetic diagnosis and counseling of CHH. Show less
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic Show more
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Structurally composed of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], Lp(a) exhibits unique atherogenic, thrombogenic, and inflammatory properties, largely due to its role as a carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL). Plasma Lp(a) concentrations are predominantly determined by the number of kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats in the LPA gene, with minimal influence from lifestyle or environmental factors. Despite substantial evidence linking elevated Lp(a) to cardiovascular risk, clinical testing remains underutilized, especially in East Asian countries. In Taiwan, although population-level Lp(a) concentrations are comparatively low, a significant subset exceeds risk thresholds, with local studies confirming its prognostic value in coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Barriers, including limited physician awareness, implementation barriers, and therapeutic nihilism, contribute to its under-recognition. This review highlights the molecular features of Lp(a), its pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, epidemiology, and current barriers and future advances in diagnostic testing, with a particular focus on implications for cardiovascular risk management in Taiwan. Show less
The international consensus classification or the World Health Organization classifications underrepresented driver alterations enriched in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To address this, we Show more
The international consensus classification or the World Health Organization classifications underrepresented driver alterations enriched in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To address this, we retrospectively characterized the genomic landscape of 105 pediatric patients with AML of East Asian ancestry using transcriptome and whole-exome sequencing (WES). In addition to the common recurrent fusions such as RUNX1::RUNX1T1 and CBFB::MYH11, we identified rearrangements involving KMT2A, NUP98, GLIS, as well as FLT3 and UBTF tandem duplications. The median somatic mutation rate in AML was 0.97 per megabase, as estimated by WES. Frequently mutated pathways included signaling: 68.6% (72/105), transcription: 37.1% (39/105), epigenetic regulation: 26.7% (28/105), cohesin: 7.6% (8/105), RNA binding: 3.8% (4/105), and protein modification: 5.7% (6/105). When analyzed together, high-risk genetic subtypes including GLISr, UBTF tandem duplications, PICALM::MLLT10, and HOXr were significantly associated with poorer 5 year overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis (p-value = 0.037). Although FLT3 internal tandem duplications were significantly associated with inferior 5 year OS in univariable analysis, this effect was not significant in multivariable analysis (p-value = 0.382). Patients with RUNX1 mutations had inferior 5 year OS in multivariable analysis (p-value = 0.009). These findings suggest specific genomic alterations that may refine risk stratification and guide future therapeutic protocols in Taiwanese pediatric patients with AML. Show less
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity, undergoing extensive phenotypic switching to generate a highly heterogeneous population within atherosclerotic plaques. While recent studies h Show more
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity, undergoing extensive phenotypic switching to generate a highly heterogeneous population within atherosclerotic plaques. While recent studies have highlighted the contribution of SMC-derived macrophage-like cells to plaque inflammation, the specific molecular drivers governing the transition to these pathogenic states remain poorly understood. Here, we re-analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from lineage-traced mice to dissect SMC heterogeneity during atherogenesis. Trajectory analysis revealed that SMCs transdifferentiate into a distinct pro-inflammatory macrophage-like subpopulation (macrophage 4) via an intermediate "stem-endothelial-monocyte" cell state. Integrated gene regulatory network inference and Clinically, IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated in unstable and advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, correlating strongly with inflammatory macrophage burden. These findings identify IRF7 as a critical checkpoint in maladaptive SMC phenotype switching. We demonstrate that IRF7 drives the transdifferentiation of SMCs into a pro-inflammatory macrophage-like state, thereby fueling plaque instability. Consequently, therapeutic strategies capable of inhibiting IRF7-mediated SMC plasticity may prove effective in stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Show less
Improving the patency rate of small-diameter vascular grafts in a pathological environment is the key to achieving their clinical translation and application. The current approach to in vivo implantat Show more
Improving the patency rate of small-diameter vascular grafts in a pathological environment is the key to achieving their clinical translation and application. The current approach to in vivo implantation evaluations of small-diameter vascular grafts is predominantly based on healthy animal models. However, the majority of patients who undergo vascular transplantation are afflicted with vascular diseases, such as hyperlipidaemia or atherosclerosis. In this study, we constructed an ApoE gene knockout atherosclerotic mouse model and investigated the patency and regenerative performance of small-diameter vascular grafts in a diseased environment. We prepared heparinized Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) vascular grafts (PCL-Hep) using electrospinning technology. By taking advantage of the physical adsorption of heparin, rapamycin (RM) was loaded onto the surface of grafts to obtain PCL-Hep-RM vascular grafts, which exhibited exceptional mechanical properties and drug sustained-release characteristics. Subsequently, the PCL-Hep-RM vascular grafts were implanted into the carotid arteries of atherosclerotic mice. The results demonstrated that PCL-Hep-RM significantly enhanced the patency rate and suppressed intimal hyperplasia in comparison with the PCL control group. This study offers novel concepts and methodologies for addressing challenges such as the low long-term patency rate and luminal stenosis of vascular grafts in a diseased environment, thereby promoting the translational medicine research of small-diameter vascular grafts. Show less
Effective real-time monitoring and tracking of lipid droplets (LDs) are essential for the precise diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques and the assessment of pathological progression. However, viable s Show more
Effective real-time monitoring and tracking of lipid droplets (LDs) are essential for the precise diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques and the assessment of pathological progression. However, viable strategies for Show less
Glycolysis-derived lactate serves as a substrate for lysine lactylation, an epigenetic modification playing critical transcriptional regulatory roles in inflammatory diseases. Endothelial inflammation Show more
Glycolysis-derived lactate serves as a substrate for lysine lactylation, an epigenetic modification playing critical transcriptional regulatory roles in inflammatory diseases. Endothelial inflammation, characterized by upregulated glycolysis, initiates atherosclerosis, yet the contribution of histone lactylation remains undefined. Although narciclasine exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, its impact on endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis is unknown. Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis predicted narciclasine as an inhibitor of oscillatory shear stress and TNF-α-induced endothelial inflammation. In vitro, treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 20 nM narciclasine significantly suppressed ox-LDL-induced expression of VCAM1, ICAM1, SELE, and CCL2, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibited monocyte adhesion and migration. In vivo, administration of narciclasine (0.02 mg/kg) attenuated carotid artery endothelial inflammation and macrophage infiltration, consequently reducing early atherogenesis in partial carotid ligation model in ApoE Show less
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition act synergistically to drive Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Effective treatment, therefore, requires multi-targeted strategies Show more
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition act synergistically to drive Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Effective treatment, therefore, requires multi-targeted strategies capable of addressing these interconnected pathological mechanisms. Here, an Odorranalectin (OL)-conjugated lipid nanoparticle (siB/QU@L-OL) was engineered for efficient intranasal delivery of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) siRNA (siB) and quercetin (QU). siB/QU@L-OL prepared via microfluidics exhibited uniform size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency, and robust stability. Following intranasal administration, OL surface modification enabled binding to L-fucose residues expressed on the olfactory epithelium, reducing mucociliary clearance and facilitating brain transport. Show less
Facial nerve injury (FNI) is a common peripheral neuropathy that severely impairs facial function and quality of life. Qianzheng Powder (QZP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used to treat faci Show more
Facial nerve injury (FNI) is a common peripheral neuropathy that severely impairs facial function and quality of life. Qianzheng Powder (QZP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used to treat facial paralysis clinically, yet its neuroprotective mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of QZP on FNI and potential underlying mechanisms. A FNI model was established in male C57BL/6 mice by performing facial nerve crush surgery. QZP (3.51 g/kg) was administered orally once daily for 14 days post-surgery. Facial function was assessed behaviorally. Tissue samples were collected on day 21 for histological evaluation, qPCR and Western blotting. Liver and kidney safety were also assessed via H&E staining and serum biochemical markers. QZP significantly improved facial motor function from day 7 post-injury. Additionally, QZP treatment mitigated neuronal loss in the facial motor nucleus, attenuated buccinator muscle atrophy, and enhanced myelin regeneration, as evidenced by increased MPZ and MBP expression. These were consistent with the increace of the BDNF, TrkB, and QZP promotes structural and functional recovery of facial nerve following injury, likely through activation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB axis, and demonstrates a favorable safety profile. These findings support its potential as a therapeutic adjunct in peripheral nerve repair. Show less
Aniridia, driven by PAX6 mutations, causes aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), a progressive condition linked to limbal stem cell deficiency. A major hurdle to developing targeted therapies for AAK Show more
Aniridia, driven by PAX6 mutations, causes aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), a progressive condition linked to limbal stem cell deficiency. A major hurdle to developing targeted therapies for AAK is the incomplete understanding of the molecular abnormalities in affected corneas. To address this, we leveraged Pax6± (Pax6 het) mice, a model of AAK, and applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the transcriptomic changes at a single-cell resolution. ScRNA-seq of corneal/limbal tissues of wild type (WT) and Pax6 het mice were conducted. Immunostaining was performed to examine the expression of specific markers for stem cells. ScRNA-seq identified a quiescent limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC)-like cell cluster and an early transient amplifying cell (eTAC)-like cluster. An increase in the cell numbers in these two clusters in the Pax6 het mouse corneas was observed. Immunostaining detected a marked increase in markers for these two clusters including Tmem176b, Apoe, and Krt15 in the corneal epithelium of Pax6 het mice, suggesting an increase of these LESC/eTA-like cells into the corneal epithelium. The Pax6 deficiency inhibited the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation in the eTAC-like cluster as well as the expression of genes related to corneal epithelial cell fate and differentiation compared with WT mice. Our single cell transcriptome of the limbus and cornea of Pax6 het mice indicates that AAK may be due to the increase of dysfunctional stem/eTACs with defects in committing to a corneal epithelial cell fate and differentiation. Show less
Tumor-related metabolites in the tumor microenvironment may induce immune dysfunction, leading to malignant progression and metastasis of tumors. Here, it is demonstrated that tumoral PLA2G16, a phosp Show more
Tumor-related metabolites in the tumor microenvironment may induce immune dysfunction, leading to malignant progression and metastasis of tumors. Here, it is demonstrated that tumoral PLA2G16, a phospholipase catalyzes phospholipids to generate free fatty acid (FFA) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is an important contributor to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lung metastasis in an immune-dependent pattern by improving tetracosatetraenoic acid (C24:4 (n-6)) accumulation in the early metastatic niche of lung and impairing immune function of pulmonary CD8 Show less
Yiqi Yangxin Anshen Oral Liquid (YQYX) is a multi-herbs compound derived from the ancient Chinese formulae Suanzaoren Decoction and Guipi Tang. It has been clinically used to treat insomnia and anxiet Show more
Yiqi Yangxin Anshen Oral Liquid (YQYX) is a multi-herbs compound derived from the ancient Chinese formulae Suanzaoren Decoction and Guipi Tang. It has been clinically used to treat insomnia and anxiety for nearly three decades. To evaluate the efficacy of YQYX and to elucidate its therapeutic mechanisms in mitigating pathological changes induced by sleep deprivation (SD). Chemical constituents and serum-absorbed components were characterized using UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Network pharmacology was employed to predicted therapeutic targets. PCPA-induced SD rats underwent pentobarbital-induced sleep test, Morris water maze, and open field test. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA, and hypothalamic neurotransmitters were quantified using a validated UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method. Hippocampal damage was evaluated by H&E and NeuN immunofluorescence, and cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF pathway was studied by Western blot and immunofluorescence. LC-MS identified 102 chemical constituents and 49 serum-absorbed components in YQYX. Network pharmacology analysis based on the serum-absorbed components predicted the cAMP signaling pathway as a key therapeutic target. YQYX significantly ameliorated SD-induced sleeplessness effects, spatial learning-memory impairments, and anxiety-like behaviors. It also reduced serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Notably, YQYX restored hypothalamic neurotransmitters homeostasis (serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and acetylcholine). Histological analysis showed that YQYX prevented SD-induced hippocampal damage. Moreover, YQYX upregulated the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. YQYX exhibits multi-target therapeutic effects by maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis, protecting hippocampal neurons, and activating neuroplasticity pathways, thereby validating its ethnopharmacological basis for treating sleep disorders. Show less
This study investigated the impact of This retrospective case-control study involved 628 CAD patients and 628 matched controls without CAD. ApoE genotyping was conducted using PCR-chip technology, and Show more
This study investigated the impact of This retrospective case-control study involved 628 CAD patients and 628 matched controls without CAD. ApoE genotyping was conducted using PCR-chip technology, and genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed the link between ApoE polymorphisms and CAD risk in populations at middle and high altitudes. The data revealed significant differences in These findings validated that the Show less
To investigate the connection betweenischemic stroke (IS) patients' risk of dying after being discharged and their residual cholesterol (RC) levels uponadmission. 2021 IS patients between the ages of Show more
To investigate the connection betweenischemic stroke (IS) patients' risk of dying after being discharged and their residual cholesterol (RC) levels uponadmission. 2021 IS patients between the ages of 35 and 80were chosen as the study's subjects, and data on deathendpoints following discharge were gathered. The doseresponse association between the risk of death and the RCat admission was examined using restricted cubic spline(RCS) regression. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI werecalculated via Cox regression to analyse the associationbetween the RC level at admission and the risk of deathafter discharge in patients with IS. According to the RCS model, RC levels were nonlinearly associated with deaths from IS and other causes(P<0.001). With the median RC level as the cutoff value,the subjects were divided into two groups: a low RC group(RC<0.72 mmol/L) and a high RC group (RC≥0.72mmol/L). Compared with those in the high RC group, theage and male ratio in the low RC group were significantlygreater. The fasting blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), and apolipoproteinB (ApoB) levels, as well as diabetes rates, were lower (P=0.01). Cox regression analysis revealed that withoutadjusting for covariates, the high-level RC group presenteda lower risk of all-cause death than the low-level RC group(HR=0.765, 95% CI: 0.619~0.946, P=0.013) and alower risk of death from IS (HR = 0.638, 95% CI:0.435~0.936, P=0.022). After adjusting for sex, age,smoking status, drinking status, hypertension status, anddiabetes status, the high-level group still had a lower risk ofall-cause death (HR = 760, 95% CI: 0.614~0.941,P=0.012) and a lower risk of death from IS (HR=0.653,95% CI: 0.444-0.961, P=0.031). Male sex (HR=0.753,95% CI: 0.572~0.990, P=0.042). Age ≥65 years (HR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.391~0.916, P=0.018), nonsmokingstatus (HR=0.628, 95% CI: 0.408~0.967, P=0.035),nonalcoholic status (HR=0.656, 95% CI: 0.439~0.979,P=0.039), not complicated with hypertension (HR=0.321, 95% CI: 0.108~0.957, P=0.041), no diabetesmellitus (HR=0.607, 95% CI: 0.389~0.947, P=0.028).Compared with those in the high RC group, the IS patientsin the low RC group had a lower incidence of all-causedeath, IS death and other causes of death and a higher survival rate. An RC<0.72 mmol/L at admission is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and longterm IS death after discharge. Show less
Carotid atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Maintaining plaque stability can prevent plaque rupture and thrombus formation, slow disease progr Show more
Carotid atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Maintaining plaque stability can prevent plaque rupture and thrombus formation, slow disease progression, and is critically important for preventing cerebrovascular events (such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and similar events). Mechanisms influencing plaque stability are still unclear. In this study, stable plaques (n = 5) and unstable plaques (n = 5) were collected from patients and analyzed using RNA-sequencing. 594 differently expressed genes were found by RNA-seq. Pathways enriched by KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes included inflammation related pathway, cell adhesion related pathway and TGFβ signaling pathway. Especially, we found AMIGO1 was significantly upregulated in stable plaques. Functional assays including cell adhesion, and inflammation-related factor detection revealed that AMIGO1 significantly promotes endothelial cell adhesion while downregulating inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) production, thereby mitigating inflammatory responses. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments further found that AMIGO1 interacts with transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFRII), stabilizing TGFRII protein levels and subsequently activating the TGFβ signaling pathway. AMIGO1 overexpression with AAV9 virus tail vein injection markedly stabilized plaques in ApoE Show less
In premature infants, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can lead to hemodynamic instability and prematurity-related complications. The conventional left atrial-to-aortic (LA/Ao) ratio for evaluating hemo Show more
In premature infants, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can lead to hemodynamic instability and prematurity-related complications. The conventional left atrial-to-aortic (LA/Ao) ratio for evaluating hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) has demonstrated limited accuracy. We aimed to investigate the correlation between mitral inflow E-wave velocity, left pulmonary artery (LPA) end-diastolic velocity, and hsPDA in preterm infants. Single-center, retrospective cohort study included neonates born at a gestational age (GA) between 24 and 30 weeks. The echocardiographic parameters, including mitral E-wave velocity, LPA end-diastolic velocity and LA/Ao ratio were assessed with hsPDA requiring treatment. Forty-nine infants were included, of whom 30 were diagnosed with hsPDA. The mitral E-wave (95% CI: 4.6-18.2, p = 0.0016) and LPA end-diastolic velocities (95% CI: 4.14-15.15, p = 0.0010) were significantly higher in infants with hsPDA, while the LA/Ao ratio exhibited no difference. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower GA, higher mitral E-wave, and LPA end-diastolic velocities were predictive of hsPDA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these parameters offered better diagnostic accuracy than the LA/Ao ratio. Our findings suggest that mitral E wave and LPA end-diastolic velocities are more reliable echocardiographic markers for evaluating hsPDA in preterm infants than the conventional LA/Ao ratio. Assessment of dynamic blood flow is more reliable than the left atrium chamber size in evaluating the hemodynamic status of a PDA. Our result provides new criteria for assessing the hemodynamic significance of PDA. Utilizing this technique may yield evidence to assist clinical decision-making regarding PDA treatment. Multifactorial assessment, including birth gestational age and increased intracardiac or pulmonary blood flow velocity, provides more accurate prediction for a hsPDA. Show less
This study aims to investigate the role of DUSP6 in thyroid cancer metastasis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry were performed to explore the expression of DUSP6, Show more
This study aims to investigate the role of DUSP6 in thyroid cancer metastasis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry were performed to explore the expression of DUSP6, IL-8 and PAD4 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and adjacent non-cancerous thyroid tissues. Effects of DUSP6 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1 and IHH4 were performed through in vitro experiments. A rescue experiment was performed to verified DUSP6 regulated the migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and IHH4 through IL-8 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. In addition, in vitro cell experiments were conducted to analyze the regulation of NETs formation by DUSP6 through IL-8. Finally, the effect of sh-DUSP6 on the growth of thyroid cancer tumors in mice were conducted through in vivo experiments. DUSP6 expression was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues. Moreover, the expression of DUSP6 in tumor tissues of TPC patients is positively correlated with the expression of IL-8 and PAD4. Overexpression of DUSP6 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells (TPC-1 and IHH4) while inhibiting apoptosis. Conversely, silencing DUSP6 exerts opposing effects. Knockdown of IL-8 reverses the enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities induced by DUSP6 overexpression in these cell lines. NETs treatment enhances the migration and invasion of TPC-1 and IHH4 cells, whereas the application of sh-DUSP6 or sh-IL-8 counteracts this NETs-mediated promotion. Furthermore, DUSP6 overexpression facilitates NETs formation by upregulating IL-8 expression. In vivo experiments demonstrate that sh-DUSP6 suppresses thyroid cancer tumor growth in mouse models. Conclusion: DUSP6 promotes the metastasis of thyroid cancer by facilitating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via IL-8. Show less
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, with metastasis accounting for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The mechanisms of early-stage breast cancer metastasis to regional immune s Show more
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, with metastasis accounting for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The mechanisms of early-stage breast cancer metastasis to regional immune sites like lymph nodes remain elusive. Here, we performed an in-depth proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of a substantial series of breast cancer samples, alongside genomic and transcriptomic evaluations. This cohort encompasses 195 specimens: 65 primary breast tumors, their corresponding normal tissues, and metastatic axillary lymph nodes. We offer an overview of the molecular alterations at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic levels during lymph node metastasis. Notably, the findings indicate that regional lymph node metastasis is primarily influenced by proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations, rather than genomic or transcriptomic changes. We found the ANGPTL4 and HMGB1 could serve as the biomarker of lymph node metastasis. Data analysis and cell experiments involving silencing of the alternative splicing factor HNRNPU demonstrated that alternative splicing plays a significant role in modulating protein expression, phosphorylation profiles and cell proliferation. The key phosphorylation sites, including MARCKSL1-S104 and FKBP15-S320, as well as the upstream kinase PRKCB, were identified as playing crucial roles in breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Targeted intervention of the kinase PRKCB resulted in effectively suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer tumor cells. Immune profiling analysis and experimental validation of breast cancer cell cocultured with CD8+ T cell reveals correlations between phosphorylation of MARCKSL1-S104 and FKBP15-S320 with immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression, and their impact on tumor cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential mechanism of immune evasion in metastasis. This study systematically characterizes the molecular landscape and features of primary breast tumors and their matched metastatic lymph nodes. These insights enhance our understanding of early-stage breast cancer metastasis and may pave the way for improved diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic strategies. Show less
Patients on dialysis often suffer from carnitine deficiency due to reduced intake, reduced synthesis in the kidneys, and clearing through dialysis. Carnitine deficiency may lead to anemia, cardiomyopa Show more
Patients on dialysis often suffer from carnitine deficiency due to reduced intake, reduced synthesis in the kidneys, and clearing through dialysis. Carnitine deficiency may lead to anemia, cardiomyopathy, hypotension, and so on. Several studies have shown that supplementing with L-carnitine can diminish the above symptoms in adult dialysis patients, but whether children can benefit from L-carnitine remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine in children with kidney failure undergoing dialysis. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and VIP database were electronically searched from database inception to December 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-section studies, and case series studies that evaluated the impact of L-carnitine on children. Patients aged less than 18 years with kidney failure undergoing dialysis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: We assessed the quality of studies using the RoB2 tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook, the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS), the checklist recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the quality evaluation tool recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We conducted only descriptive analyses and did not perform meta-analysis due to significant differences in study types and limited data. A total of 194 patients were included in 9 studies, of which 3 were RCT studies; 2 were cohort studies, and 4 were case series studies. Due to limited data, we only conducted descriptive analysis rather than meta-analysis. For children undergoing hemodialysis, cohort study of high-quality showed that L-carnitine significantly improved hemoglobin (Hb) and reduced the required erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) dose; RCT study of moderate-quality indicated that L-carnitine did not influence serum lipid profiles except for reducing apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Cohort study of moderate-quality showed that L-carnitine improved cardiac function; RCT study of moderate-quality indicated that L-carnitine did not influence albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and quality of life. For children undergoing peritoneal dialysis, only serum lipid profiles were analyzed. RCT and case series studies of moderate-quality indicated that L-carnitine did not influence serum lipid profiles except for reducing ApoB. The number of studies enrolled was limited, and their quality was not high. Our study found that children with kidney failure requiring dialysis could partially benefit from L-carnitine, including increased Hb, decreased ESA requirement, reduced ApoB, and improved cardiac function. Further RCTs of high quality are still needed to clarify this issue. This study provided more comprehensive and credible evidence for clinical use of L-carnitine in children. PROSPERO registration number CRD420250649553. Show less
To evaluate the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) ratio as a biomarker for coronary heart disease (CHD) and its clinical phenotypes, beyond traditional lipid parameters. This sing Show more
To evaluate the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) ratio as a biomarker for coronary heart disease (CHD) and its clinical phenotypes, beyond traditional lipid parameters. This single-center, case-control study analyzed 7,277 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent association of the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio with CHD, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), multivessel disease (MVD), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Predictive performance was evaluated via ROC curve analysis, with prespecified subgroup analyses. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was the strongest independent lipid predictor of CHD (adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.98-10.19). It significantly predicted severe clinical phenotypes: AMI (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.44-2.62), MVD (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.24-2.26), and PCI requirement (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.43-2.66). The ratio showed significant discriminatory power for all endpoints (AUCs 0.569-0.608). Subgroup analyses revealed markedly stronger associations in males, older adults (≥60 years), and hypertensive patients, but substantially attenuated predictive value in diabetic patients. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is a superior biomarker for CHD risk stratification, particularly for identifying severe disease manifestations and guiding revascularization decisions in specific patient subgroups. Its integration into clinical practice could enable more precise cardiovascular risk management. Show less
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits diverse aetiologies and molecular heterogeneity, with a median 5-year overall survival of <70% due to high recurrence rates following curative-intent surgery. T Show more
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits diverse aetiologies and molecular heterogeneity, with a median 5-year overall survival of <70% due to high recurrence rates following curative-intent surgery. This study investigated the complex tumour microenvironment (TME) in HCC and explored interactions between various cell types and their roles in disease recurrence. Using a multi-omics approach on multi-region samples of surgically resected HCC from the PLANet 1.0 cohort (NCT03267641), we performed spatial transcriptomics on 17 tissue samples from four patients and bulk RNA sequencing on 329 sectors from 90 patients. Findings were validated using immunofluorescence and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Our analysis revealed extensive intra- and intertumour gene expression heterogeneity and identified a specific subset of endothelial cells (ECs), INTS6 INTS6 The spatial co-localisation of cell types plays a significant role in the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we have pinpointed a particular group of endothelial cells, known as INTS6+ endothelial cells, which are spatially colocalised with tumour cells and enriched in microvascular invasion regions in patients experiencing recurrence. These discoveries highlight novel therapeutic targets that focus on endothelial cell interactions within the tumour microenvironment to prevent recurrence and enhance overall patient survival. Show less
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, though widely studied in human obesity and livestock lipid accumulation, remains poorly understood in bovine adipogenesis. This study investigated its r Show more
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, though widely studied in human obesity and livestock lipid accumulation, remains poorly understood in bovine adipogenesis. This study investigated its role in bovine adipocytes via overexpression, given its high expression in Guanling cattle adipose tissue. Results demonstrated that FTO significantly increased triglyceride content, adiponectin secretion, and lipid droplet accumulation (P < 0.01). It also upregulated key adipogenic markers (PPARγ, C/EBPβ, FABP4, LPL; P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that FTO promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis through regulating multiple lipid metabolic pathways. These findings reveal that FTO positively regulates bovine adipocyte differentiation by modulating lipid metabolic networks, thereby filling a critical gap in the understanding of FTO-mediated lipid metabolism in ruminants. Show less
This study explores the influence of congruence and incongruence in father-mother co-parenting on adolescent depression, as well as the mediating effect of self-esteem. A total of 1389 adolescents com Show more
This study explores the influence of congruence and incongruence in father-mother co-parenting on adolescent depression, as well as the mediating effect of self-esteem. A total of 1389 adolescents completed questionnaires assessing their levels of depression and self-esteem, while their fathers and mothers correspondingly reported on their own co-parenting behaviors using the Parental Co-parenting Scale in this cross-sectional study. Dates were analyzed using LPA, RSA, and mediation consecutively. The results show that: (1) We identified three distinct co-parenting profiles: positive parental co-parenting, negative parental co-parenting, and mixed parental co-parenting. (2) In cases of congruent parental co-parenting, high positive parental co-parenting was associated with lower adolescent depression, whereas high negative parental co-parenting was linked to higher depression, and the difference manifests in different forms among boys and girls. Girls showed nonlinear changes in depression while boys exhibited linear trends. (3) In cases of incongruence in parental co-parenting, mothers' co-parenting exerted a stronger influence on boys' depression, while girls were not affected by mothers' and fathers' discrepancies. (4) Self-esteem mediated the relationship between parental co-parenting (in)congruence and depression across both genders. This study provides evidence for the mechanism through which parental coparenting influences adolescent depression and offers a basis for future interventions targeting adolescent depression. Show less
C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) belong to the adipokine family. Here, we aimed to assess the relation of CTRP4 levels in serum and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) with coronary artery disease (CAD Show more
C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) belong to the adipokine family. Here, we aimed to assess the relation of CTRP4 levels in serum and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) with coronary artery disease (CAD), and investigate the effect of CTRP4 on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms. CTRP4 levels were examined in serum and epicardial adipose tissue (a major PVAT) from patients with CAD. Atherosclerotic lesions were analysed in CTRP4 CTRP4 levels were lower in serum and epicardial adipose tissue of patients with CAD compared to non-CAD controls. CTRP4 knockout promoted atherosclerosis in ApoE Decreased CTRP4 levels in serum and epicardial adipose tissue are associated with CAD in patients. CTRP4 deficiency promotes the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE Show less
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is driven by endothelial dysfunction and chronic vascular inflammation. hsa-miR-2110 (miR-2110) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but its mechanist Show more
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is driven by endothelial dysfunction and chronic vascular inflammation. hsa-miR-2110 (miR-2110) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but its mechanistic role in CHD remains unclear. In this study, miR-2110 expression was quantified in peripheral blood from CHD patients and healthy controls. Functional effects were assessed in EA.hy926 endothelial cells following lentiviral overexpression of miR-2110. The target gene Show less
To evaluate the current status and latent profiles of caregiver self-care contributions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and examine the associations between demographic Show more
To evaluate the current status and latent profiles of caregiver self-care contributions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and examine the associations between demographic characteristics, health literacy, confidence in self-care contributions, family intimacy, and profile membership. We recruited 275 dyads of patients with COPD and their family caregivers from five tertiary hospitals between May and November 2022 using convenience sampling. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct profiles of caregiver self-care contributions. Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were subsequently conducted to examine associations between participant characteristics and profile membership. LPA identified four distinct profiles of caregiver self-care contributions: low-contributing, under-monitored, maintenance-prioritized, and high-contributing. Significant differences were observed across these profiles in terms of patients' symptom severity, exacerbation frequency, number of hospitalizations, caregivers' education levels, caregiving duration, health literacy, confidence in self-management contributions, and family intimacy using univariate analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that caregivers' education levels, caregiving duration, confidence in self-management contributions, and health literacy were significant predictors of profile membership. Caregiver self-care contributions for patients with COPD can be characterized by four distinct profiles, with caregivers' educational level, health literacy, and confidence in self-management identified as key factors associated with profile membership. Show less
Ting Fang, Xinyu Yang, Xiaoqing Deng+5 more · 2026 · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · added 2026-04-24
Excessive fructose intake is strongly associated with metabolic diseases, with the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) playing a key role in its metabolism, particularly in renal tu Show more
Excessive fructose intake is strongly associated with metabolic diseases, with the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) playing a key role in its metabolism, particularly in renal tubules. However, the role of its active form, ChREBP-β, was previously unclear. In this study, ChREBP-β overexpression and ChREBP knockout mouse models were utilized to investigate the effects of excessive fructose intake in vivo. In addition, primary renal tubular epithelial cells from mice and human kidney-2 (HK2) cells were applied for further validation in vitro. We found that ChREBP-β leads to increased transcription to mediate endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ultimately impairs renal function. Our findings underscore the critical role of ChREBP-β in fructose-related renal disorders. Show less
We aimed to identify key molecules that can moderately enhance the compensatory capacity of beta cells during obesity. Single-cell RNA-seq was used to profile the RNA expression of islet cells from di Show more
We aimed to identify key molecules that can moderately enhance the compensatory capacity of beta cells during obesity. Single-cell RNA-seq was used to profile the RNA expression of islet cells from diet-induced obese mice and pregnant mice. The gene and protein expression levels of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) were verified by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. The roles of ENPP2 were investigated using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in Min6 beta cells, global Enpp2-knockout mice and beta cell Enpp2-overexpressing transgenic (Enpp2-Tg) mice. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we demonstrated that proliferation is the primary and common mechanism for compensating for beta cell numbers during both mouse obesity and pregnancy, with proliferation being more pronounced in pregnancy than in obesity. Additionally, many differentially expressed genes were co-regulated in both conditions. Among these, the pro-proliferative phosphodiesterase ENPP2 showed the highest increase in beta cells of pregnant mice and a moderate increase in beta cells of obese mice. Overexpression or knockdown of ENPP2 in Min6 beta cells revealed that ENPP2 promoted beta cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and enhanced high-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These effects of ENPP2 were further validated in vivo using Enpp2-Tg mice. In Enpp2-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet, the deficiency of ENPP2 resulted in insufficient compensation of beta cells during obesity. The pro-proliferative role of ENPP2 in beta cells was mediated through the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway via LPA receptor 2. However, the expression of ENPP2 was reduced in the mouse model of diabetes and in human participants with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic control groups. Furthermore, ENPP2 was co-upregulated by a synergy of oestradiol and progesterone. ENPP2 may serve as a key regulator in beta cell compensation during obesity, and modulating its levels in beta cells could be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating beta cell deterioration in diabetes. Show less
The bioactive peptide setmelanotide is a validated MC4R agonist, yet its clinical utility is constrained by poor aqueous solubility and dose-limiting, off-target hyperpigmentation. To overcome these d Show more
The bioactive peptide setmelanotide is a validated MC4R agonist, yet its clinical utility is constrained by poor aqueous solubility and dose-limiting, off-target hyperpigmentation. To overcome these dual liabilities, we executed a synergistic optimization strategy guided by detailed SAR investigation. This approach unveiled two critical design principles: a C-terminal "cationic imperative", where lysine uniquely conferred a > 20-fold solubility enhancement while retaining potency, and rational manipulation of the core pharmacophore, which imparted >100-fold selectivity over MC1R/MC3R. This synergy yielded the lead compound SC19, which integrates these features into a balanced profile of sub-nanomolar potency (EC₅₀ = 0.12 nM; pEC₅₀ = 9.93), exceptional selectivity, and high aqueous solubility. In a diet-induced obesity model, SC19 demonstrated robust efficacy comparable to setmelanotide in reducing weight gain and improving lipid profiles, affirming its therapeutic potential. This work not only presents a promising lead compound but also validates a synergistic optimization blueprint for concurrently enhancing the pharmacological and drug-like properties of therapeutic peptides. Show less
Influenza vaccination coverage among older adults in China is low. We sought to identify latent vaccine-hesitancy profiles and their correlates. This community-based cross-sectional survey from May to Show more
Influenza vaccination coverage among older adults in China is low. We sought to identify latent vaccine-hesitancy profiles and their correlates. This community-based cross-sectional survey from May to July 2025 involved 1773 older adults from various areas in Jiangsu province. Data were collected via Wenjuanxing and included demographics, the Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, and the vaccine literacy scale. Group differences were examined using chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA; latent profile analysis (LPA) identified vaccine hesitancy subgroups, and multinomial logistic regression estimated correlates of profile membership. Three profiles emerged: Low Hesitancy (23.0%), Moderate Hesitancy (35.0%), and High Hesitancy (42.0%). Rural residence predicted Moderate (OR = 2.030) and High (OR = 2.993) hesitancy. Lower household income and chronic disease were associated with the Moderate Hesitancy profile, whereas male sex was associated with the High Hesitancy profile. Higher interactive (OR = 0.686) and critical (OR = 0.599) vaccine literacy were inversely associated with High hesitancy.Concerns about vaccine quality predicted both Moderate (OR = 1.433) and High (OR = 1.376) groups; knowledge gaps and fear of adverse reactions concentrated in the High group. Older adults show heterogeneous vaccine hesitancy phenotypes. Uptake efforts should move beyond one-size-fits-all messaging toward segmented strategies. These strategies should integrate cost-related measures with literacy-sensitive, trust-oriented communication, prioritizing rural residents, older men, and those with chronic conditions. The reported proportions of hesitancy profiles reflect our sample only and should not be viewed as nationally representative. Show less