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While anticounterfeiting systems based on long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials demonstrate a mature trend, the integration of tunable luminescent lifetimes and emission colors in LPL-based anticounterfeiting systems remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a temporal and spatial anticounterfeiting strategy utilizing novel zero dimensional (0D) metal halides, specifically (PBA) Show less

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have an important role in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in animals. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important NP, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its activity are not completely understood. Treatment of intramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) adipocytes with CNP led to decreased differentiation, promoted proliferation and lipolysis, and increased the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPRB) mRNA. Silencing natriuretic peptide C (NPPC) had the opposite results in IMF and SCF adipocytes. Transcriptome analysis found 665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IMF adipocytes and 991 in SCF adipocytes. Seven genes in IMF adipocytes (FABP4, APOA1, ACOX2, ADIPOQ, CD36, FABP5, and LPL) and eight genes in SCF adipocytes (ACOX3, ACSL1, APOA1, CPT1A, CPT2, FABP4, PDPK1 and PPARα) are related to fat metabolism. Fifteen genes were found to be enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. Integrated analysis identified 113 intersection genes in IMF and SCF adipocytes, two of which (APOA1 and FABP4) were enriched in the PPAR pathway. In conclusion, CNP may regulated lipid metabolism through the NPRB-PPAR pathway in both IMF and SCF adipocytes, FABP4 and APOA1 may be the key genes that mediated CNP regulation of fat deposition. Show less

Reading relies on the ability to map written symbols with speech sounds. A specific part of the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex, known as the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), plays a crucial role in this process. Through the automatization of the mapping ability, this area progressively becomes specialized in written word recognition. Yet, despite its key role in reading, the area also responds to speech. This observation raises questions about the actual nature of neural representations encoded in the VWFA and, therefore, the underlying mechanism of the cross-modal responses. Here, we addressed this issue by applying fine-grained analyses of within- and cross-modal repetition suppression effects (RSEs) and Multi-Voxel Pattern Analyses in fMRI and sEEG experiments. Convergent evidence across analysis methods and protocols showed significant RSEs and successful decoding in both within-modal visual and auditory conditions, suggesting that populations of neurons within the VWFA distinctively encode written and spoken language. This functional organization of neural populations enables the area to respond to both written and spoken inputs. The finding opens further discussions on how the human brain may be prepared and adapted for an acquisition of a complex ability such as reading. Show less

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare Mendelian autosomal recessive disorder (MIM 238600) characterized by extreme and sustained hypertriglyceridemia due to profound reduction of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. This expert opinion statement synthesizes current knowledge on the definition, pathophysiology, genetics, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of FCS. FCS typically manifests at a young age with persistent severe hypertriglyceridemia-defined as ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL), or ≥1000 mg/dL (≥11.2 mmol/L) depending on region and whether Systeme International (SI) units are utilized-in the absence of secondary factors, resistance to conventional lipid-lowering therapies, and a high lifetime risk of acute pancreatitis. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the LPL gene encoding LPL, or 1 of 4 other related genes that encode proteins that interact with LPL. Affected individuals require a strict, lifelong very low-fat diet with <15% of energy from fat. Emerging therapies inhibiting apolipoprotein C-III show promise in reducing serum triglycerides and pancreatitis risk in patients with FCS. A multidisciplinary approach, encompassing dietary management, pharmacotherapy, and patient education, is pivotal in mitigating the significant morbidity associated with FCS. Show less

Genetic testing of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia often identifies a single heterozygous pathogenic variant in the LPL gene. The complex and variable phenotype associated with this genotype is the topic of this review. Previous research showed that heterozygosity for lipoprotein lipase deficiency is associated with reduced but variable post heparin lipolytic activity alongside inconsistent plasma lipid phenotypes ranging from normal to mild-to-moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia. Recent research confirms and extends these observations, showing that a heterozygous individual can express a highly variable phenotype over time, depending on the presence of secondary factors. About 10% (range 8-20%) of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome are heterozygous for a rare pathogenic LPL variant, and a clinically relevant minority of these has recalcitrant or sustained hypertriglyceridemia. Heterozygosity for lipoprotein lipase deficiency predisposes to hypertriglyceridemia, which is sometimes severe depending on secondary factors, but is typically quite responsive to routine interventions such as diet, lifestyle and existing lipid-lowering therapies. However, many heterozygotes for pathogenic variants in LPL have completely normal plasma lipids. Show less

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present significant health challenges globally, with dysregulated triglyceride levels and impaired endothelial function being key contributors to their pathogenesis. In this study, we explore the potential of marine Microorganism-derived oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in addressing these physiological phenomena associated with CVDs. Exploring marine resources for physiologically active compounds intertwines with ecological considerations, highlighting the interconnectedness between human health and the environment. Marine microorganisms, particularly protist Show less

Wenchang chicken, renowned for its high-quality meat, is the economic meat breed in Hainan Province, China. This study compared cage-rearing (CR) and free-range (FR) groups in terms of growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, IMP (inosine monophosphate) content, AAs, FAs, serum lipid metabolites, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The CR group showed increased body weight, live weight, and abdominal fat but lower leg muscle percentage and breast muscle redness, suggesting flavor differences. CR chickens had higher IMP, threonine (Thr), and pentadecanoic, oleic, and linoleic acids, while glutamate (Glu) and alpha-linolenic acid were lower compared to FR. Glycine was elevated, but histidine, myristic, and tricosanoic acids were lower in CR leg muscle. Serum analysis revealed higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leptin (LEP), and adiponectin (ADP) in the CR group. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies identified 252 differentially expressed genes and 34 metabolites linked to metabolic pathways. In summary, CR system can improve production performance, FR system is considered more flavorful. The results can act as a theoretical basis for selecting a suitable rearing method for this unique breed. Show less

Quinolinic acid (QA) is a metabolite of tryptophan catabolism involved in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). It has been extensively studied in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders in the past decades. Recent studies have also linked high plasma QA levels to obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and diabetes. In the present study, we have explored the impact of long-term oral QA administration on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. We observed a protective role for QA in preventing hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat-diet fed mice, whereas oral administration of NAD showed opposite effects. We further demonstrated that QA reduces hepatic lipid uptake by inhibiting the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) in liver, thereby mitigating liver lipid accumulation in the context of a high-fat diet. Our data suggest that QA is an important regulator of lipid homeostasis and has potential as a therapeutic target for MASLD. Show less

The motor system is known to process temporal information, and moving rhythmically while listening to a melody can improve auditory processing. In three interrelated behavioural experiments, we demonstrate that this effect translates to speech processing. Motor priming improves the efficiency of subsequent naturalistic speech-in-noise processing under specific conditions. (i) Moving rhythmically at the lexical rate (~1.8 Hz) significantly improves subsequent speech processing compared to moving at other rates, such as the phrasal or syllabic rates. (ii) The impact of such rhythmic motor priming is not influenced by whether it is self-generated or triggered by an auditory beat. (iii) Overt lexical vocalization, regardless of its semantic content, also enhances the efficiency of subsequent speech processing. These findings provide evidence for the functional role of the motor system in processing the temporal dynamics of naturalistic speech. Show less

<b>Introduction:</b> Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis) is a currently worldwide increasing gastrointestinal disorder with a particularly high prevalence in Western countries. The operative treatment of acute diverticulitis could be executed through open or laparoscopic techniques. A non-resectional procedure, namely laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) and drainage, has also been adopted as a less invasive treatment strategy to treat patients with diverticular perforation and purulent peritonitis.<b>Aim:</b> The present work was conducted to pool the currently available evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of LPL for the treatment of complicated perforated diverticulitis.<b>Methods:</b> The analysis included studies that compared patients who underwent LPL to those who underwent surgical resection. Fifteen articles were eligible for this review after searching the Scopus, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases.<b>Results:</b> The meta-analysis demonstrated that operative time and blood loss were significantly lower in the LPL group (p<0.001). The rates of overall morbidity and reoperation were comparable in the two groups (p = 0.57 and 0.74, respectively). There were significantly lower rates of cardiovascular (p < 0.001) and respiratory complications (p = 0.01), incisional/parastomal hernia formation (p = 0.02), ICU admission (p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001), permanent stoma formation (p < 0.001), and mortality (p < 0.001), and higher rates of sepsis (p = 0.03), intra-abdominal abscess formation (p < 0.001), and postoperative recurrence (p < 0.001) in the LPL group.<b>Conclusions:</b> Compared to the colon resection procedures for the treatment of complicated diverticulitis, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage had comparable overall morbidity and reoperation rates and lower rates of permanent stoma formation and mortality. Still, there is concern regarding the recurrence and intra-abdominal abscess formation. Show less

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is predictive of increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular conditions (CVC). Lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be of importance to the eventual diagnosis of T2D and CVC. This study aimed to predict the diagnosis of T2D and CVC amongst individuals with LPL SNPs rs268, rs11542065, rs116403115, rs118204057, rs118204061, rs144466625, and rs547644955. This is a retrospective study using the UK Biobank data. Variables associated with MetS, T2D and CVC were selected from the data set. The total number of subjects in the cohort was 12,872 (mean age 56 years ± 8.1, 90.0 % were of British ethnicity, and 53.9 % were females). Logistic regression was used to assess whether the T2D and CVC can be predicted based on the presence of LPL SNPs and some of the clinical measures. Prediction models using clinical parameters showed good area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of T2D and CVC diagnosis (in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.959 for T2D, AUC = 0.772 for CVC). The addition of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS/s) showed an improvement for diagnosis of both (AUC = 0.961 and 0.790 for TD and CVC, respectively). Further addition of SNPs showed more increase in AUC (AUC = 0.965 and 0.837 for T2D and CVC, respectively). The additive effect of the PRSs and LPL SNPs was more pronounced in the CVC than in the T2D model. The variant that had major significance for both T2D and CVC diagnoses was rs547644955 (AUC 1.0 and 0.910, respectively). The SNPs rs116403115 and rs118204057 both had an AUC of 1.0 for T2D diagnosis. The prediction of T2D and CVC diagnoses with the use of clinically available factors may be enhanced with the addition of PRSs and SNPs, including LPL SNPs, which may have implications for stratified or personalised approaches for disease prevention or treatment. Show less

Dairy cow longevity affects production economy, climate footprint, and cow welfare. Based on data from the Danish Cattle Database, this research paper evaluates the relationship between early-life risk factors associated with the period before first calving and cow longevity, including data from all Danish dairy cows culled in 2019-2023. Explanatory variables for linear mixed models included calf size, twinning, and age at first calving. Information about the length of productive life (LPL) (mean: 1,074 days) and lifetime milk yield (mean: 32,088 kg energy-corrected milk) was available for 767,305 and 716,120 cows, respectively. Milk yield per day of life increased from 7 kg in cows culled during the first lactation to more than 20 kg in cows culled in their fifth or later lactations. For cows born as singletons, LPL was one month longer for cows born as large calves than for medium-sized calves, and 2 months longer than for small calves. Cows born as twins had 2 to 3 months shorter productive lives compared to cows born as singletons. For singletons, lifetime milk yield was 1,200 kg higher for large calves than for medium-sized calves, and 2,100 kg higher than for small calves. Lifetime milk yield was 1,500 to 3,500 kg lower in cows born as twins. Cows being among the third quartile of age at first calving had an estimated productive life 2.5 months longer, and a lifetime milk yield more than 2,600 kg higher than cows calving among the first quartile of age. The results from this study clearly demonstrate the importance of 'a good start'. Show less

The relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerotic risk remains incompletely elucidated, potentially due to the inherent heterogeneity of HDL particles. Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with alterations in HDL composition. This study investigated the impact of elevated triglycerides (TG) on HDL and its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk using a large prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization (MR). We found that elevated TG was associated with reduced HDL particle size, decreased concentrations of HDL components, and increased triglycerides in HDL (HDL-TG) (all P for trend < 0.001). The protective effects of HDL particle concentration and HDL cholesterol on CAD are attenuated with increasing serum TG levels. An independent and positive association between HDL-TG levels and incident CAD events (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 standard deviation increase: 1.066, 95% CI: 1.052-1.080, P < 0.001) was confirmed even after adjustment for established cardiovascular disease risk factors. MR analyses supported a causal role for HDL-TG in CAD development (inverse-variance weighted [IVW] method: odds ratios [ORs] of 1.120 (95% CI: 1.053-1.192, P < 0.001) and 1.141 (95% CI: 1.032-1.263, P = 0.010) for dataset groups 1 and 2, respectively). Drug-target MR analyses suggested a potential association between omega-3 fatty acids (OM3-FA) and lower HDL-TG levels, with LPL and DGAT2 as key pharmacological targets. Our findings suggest that elevated TG contributes to adverse alterations in HDL, elevating CAD risk. HDL-TG is an independent positive risk factor for CAD and a potential causal contributor to CAD development. OM3-FA supplementation may offer a therapeutic strategy for mitigating the CAD risk associated with elevated HDL-TG. Show less

The size of fat globules in ruminant milk to some extent affects the nutritional quality of dairy products and plays potential roles in infant and adult health. Lipid droplets (LD) in mammary epithelial cells are the precursors of milk fat globules (MFG). However, it is unclear what happens to proteins during the transformation process from LD to MFG, and little is known about the regulation of LD diameter in vivo. In this study, 12 mid-lactation Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group fed a basal diet and an experimental group fed a basal diet supplemented with CLA at 90 g/d. Goat milk was collected for analysis of composition and MFG size. Mammary gland tissue was collected for analysis of LD diameter and proteins. The size of MFG was found to depend on LD diameter in the mammary glands of dairy goats. The regression equations for MFG size (Y) and LD diameter (x) were Y Show less

An infant presented to the paediatric emergency department of our tertiary care centre, with failure to thrive and frequent vomiting for the past 2 days. Venous blood samples appeared pale pink. Bedside smartphone-assisted fundus examination revealed a bilateral salmon-coloured retina with creamy vasculature, suggesting lipaemia retinalis. Serum triglyceride levels of 12 100.7 mg/dL were observed. Exome sequencing confirmed the diagnosis. A novel homozygous missense variant p.Cys 291Tyr (c.872G>A) pathogenic variant in exon 6 of the lipoprotein lipase ( Show less

Taurine is an amino acid widely present in animal tissues. Recent research has highlighted the importance of including taurine in the diet of various commercially relevant species. This study evaluated the impact of taurine supplementation in the diet of Seriola rivoliana on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme, and the expression of metabolic-related genes in different tissues. Three experimental diets were designed with 0% (Control), 1%, and 2% of taurine concentrations, administered over 60 days. The results indicated that taurine supplementation significantly improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the liver and plasma. Additionally, an increase in lysozyme (LZM) activity was observed in mucus and plasma of the fish. Regarding gene expression, the 2% taurine supplementation significantly increased the expression of critical genes involved in carbohydrates and lipid metabolism, such as glucokinase (gck), hexokinase (hk1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acoa1) in the liver, as well as lipase (lpl), cholecystokinin (cck), and trypsin (try1) in the intestine. These results suggest that taurine not only enhances the antioxidant and immune capacity of the fish but also optimizes their energy metabolism and digestion, which could contribute to improved aquaculture diets, promoting more excellent resistance to oxidative stress and better overall health of fish raised under intensive conditions. Show less

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL) are usually associated with serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Nevertheless, in some cases, these cells may secrete IgA or IgG monoclonal proteins or remain non-secretory. We report a case from a patient with LPL-secreting IgG who developed anaemia and splenomegaly during the disease course that necessitated treatment with bortezomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab. The case illustrates the need for clinicians and pathologists to consider LPLs as a differential diagnosis also without a serum monoclonal IgM. Show less

Given that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity assays are not standardized for clinical use, we aimed to define reference values applicable to our clinical setting and identify a cut-off point to help distinguish Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome from Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome, particularly in patients with inconclusive genetic findings. We evaluated 28 patients with a history of TG levels above 880 mg/dL (10 mmol/L), and assessed their likelihood of FCS using the Moulin score. LPL activity was measured in post-heparin plasma using a radiometric assay. Thirty normotriglyceridemic controls were used to define reference values. Genetic testing for FCS canonical genes and lipid profile was performed in all sHTG patients. The reference value for LPL activity was 33.3 (18.7-70.3) mIU, with a cut-off of 8.42 mIU (25 % of the median of NTG) to distinguish FCS from MCS. Eighteen patients without genetic variants in canonical genes, a Moulin score <9 and LPL activity >25 % of NTG, were classified as MCS. Five genetic diagnosed FCS patients, with a Moulin score>10 presented LPL activity <25 % of NTG. Four patients with inconclusive genetic results and a Moulin score>10 were classified as FCS according to LPL activity. LPL activity in patients with sHTG could be useful for differentiating FCS and MCS, particularly in patients with ambiguous or negative genetic findings, highlighting the need for specialized laboratory support in diagnostics. Show less

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a dynamic interaction between neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation, where microglia play a central role. These immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to AD-related pathology, with key genes such as TREM2, APOE, and HIF-1α orchestrating these processes. Microglial metabolism adapts to environmental stimuli, shifting between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Hexokinase-2 facilitates glycolytic flux, while AMPK acts as an energy sensor, coordinating lipid and glucose metabolism. TREM2 and APOE regulate microglial lipid homeostasis, influencing Aβ clearance and immune responses. LPL and ABCA7, both associated with AD risk, modulate lipid processing and cholesterol transport, linking lipid metabolism to neurodegeneration. PPARG further supports lipid metabolism by regulating microglial inflammatory responses. Amino acid metabolism also contributes to microglial function. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls the kynurenine pathway, producing neurotoxic metabolites linked to AD pathology. Additionally, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates the pentose phosphate pathway, maintaining redox balance and immune activation. Dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, influenced by genetic variants such as APOE4, impair microglial responses and exacerbate AD progression. Recent findings highlight the interplay between metabolic regulators like REV-ERBα, which modulates lipid metabolism and inflammation, and Syk, which influences immune responses and Aβ clearance. These insights offer promising therapeutic targets, including strategies aimed at HIF-1α modulation, which could restore microglial function depending on disease stage. By integrating metabolic, immune, and genetic factors, this review underscores the importance of microglial immunometabolism in AD. Targeting key metabolic pathways could provide novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating neuroinflammation and restoring microglial function, ultimately paving the way for innovative treatments in neurodegenerative diseases. Show less

Acute diverticulitis with perforation and peritonitis is a serious complication affecting up to 12% of patients. Peritonitis is classified into purulent (Hinchey III) or fecal (Hinchey IV) categories. The standard treatment has traditionally involved emergency surgery, such as bowel resection with or without anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure, both of which carry high morbidity and mortality risks. In 2008, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) emerged as a less invasive alternative for treating purulent peritonitis. This article outlines the LPL technique, emphasizing patient selection, procedural steps, and postoperative care. Several clinical trials have compared LPL to traditional resection methods. These trials show that while LPL is associated with lower stoma prevalence and shorter recovery times, it also carries a higher risk of reoperation and misdiagnosis, especially in cases of fecal peritonitis. Proper patient selection, such as excluding immunosuppressed patients and those with Hinchey IV peritonitis, and careful intraoperative assessment are crucial for successful outcomes. While LPL is not superior to resection, it is a viable alternative in select cases. LPL offers a minimally invasive option for treating complicated diverticulitis in appropriately selected patients, though careful surgical expertise and patient-centered decision-making are essential to optimizing results. Show less

This study used whole-genome sequence data on 406 beef cattle (203 Hanwoo and 203 Angus) to detect signatures of selection using four different methods; integrated haplotype score (iHS), Rsb, XP-EHH, and runs of homozygosity (ROH). Based on Rsb and XP-EHH analysis, 36 and 21 genomic regions differed significantly between Angus and Hanwoo breeds. Within breeds, we identified 108 regions (76 in Hanwoo and 32 in Angus) with the ROH analysis and 331 regions with the iHS method (298 in Hanwoo and 33 in Angus). The candidate genes related to meat quality, such as HSPA9 and LPL, were found within Hanwoo, while genes associated with growth and meat quantity traits, including ACTC1 and TMEM68, were identified within Angus. This study can assist in understanding the selection history of these breeds and identifying the genomic regions associated with the traits selected for in the breeding programs for these cattle breeds. Show less

The current study investigated the development of single word processing and multiple word processing skills in French-speaking children from Grade 2 to Grade 6. A total of 150 children participated in two tasks: a Lexical Decision Task (LDT) and a Grammatical Decision Task (GDT). The LDT was used to test single word processing abilities, whereas the GDT was used to test multiple word processing abilities, with stimuli presented at varying display times (LDT: 83-300 ms; GDT: 150-700 ms). Signal detection theory analysis revealed that all children performed well in the LDT, whereas only Grade 4 and Grade 6 children performed above chance in the GDT. A cluster analysis was used to investigate the different types of relation between sensitivity (d') in the LDT and GDT. The analysis revealed two clusters that differed in reading fluency and sensitivity in both tasks. Children from Cluster 2, who exhibited the highest sensitivity in the LDT, were the only ones to perform on average above the chance level in the GDT. Moreover, a strong correlation (r = .64) between LDT and GDT performance was found in this group. Finally, we found that a sensitivity of 1.95 in the LDT almost perfectly predicted cluster membership. Such sensitivity was achieved at Grade 3, suggesting that the ability to process multiple word sequences first requires sufficient efficiency in processing words in isolation. Once this turning point is reached, single word processing skills support the development of multiple word processing, which could take several years to mature fully. Show less

Emodin has been proven to have weight-reducing and lipid-lowering effects. In order to make emodin play a better anti-obesity role, we designed and developed an emodin loaded dissolving microneedle patch, in which emodin existed in the form of emodin-polyvinylpyrrolidone co-precipitate (Emodin-PVP). Meanwhile, polydopamine (PDA) was added to the microneedle patch (PDA-Emodin-PVP-MN) for photothermal-enhanced chemotherapy of obesity. The average weight of the patch was 0.1 ± 0.05 g and the drug loading was 0.37 ± 0.031 mg. After 5 min of NIR irradiation (808 nm, 0.6 W/cm Show less

Lipid metabolic disorders are emerging as a recognized influencing factors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aims to investigate the influence of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) on the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD and to identify significant biomarkers. DESeq2 and robust rank aggregation (RRA) analyses were employed to determine the differential expression of LMRGs from TCGA-LUAD and five GEO datasets. Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted utilizing protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) in the deCODE, prot-a, and UKB-PPP Study to estimate causal relationships between plasma proteins and LUAD within the ieu-a-984, ieu-a-965, and FinnGen R10 cohorts as potential drug targets of LUAD. Subsequently, an optimal machine learning model for diagnosing LUAD was established by comparing four models: support vector machine, random forest (RF), glmBoost, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting. Finally, the diagnostic performance of five plasma proteins was validated through nomogram analysis, calibration curve assessment, decision curve analysis (DCA), independent internal and external datasets. A total of five biomarkers were identified from 1034 LMRGs via MR and differential expression analysis. TNFRSF21 exhibited a positive association with LUAD risk; conversely, BCHE, FABP4, LPL, and PLBD1 demonstrated negative correlations with this risk. The RF machine learning model was determined to be the optimal model for diagnosing LUAD using these five plasma proteins. Ultimately, nomogram construction, calibration curve analysis, DCA, as well as independent internal and external dataset validation confirmed that these biomarkers exhibit excellent diagnostic performance. BCHE, FABP4, LPL, PLBD1, and TNFRSF21 represent potential novel reliable diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets for LUAD. Show less

Fatty acids serve as a crucial energy source for tumor cells during the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The present study aims to elucidate the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in CLL, construct a related prognostic score, and investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of FAM in CLL development. Bulk RNA sequencing data from CLL patients and healthy controls were analyzed to identify differentially expressed fatty acid metabolic genes. FAM-score was constructed using Cox-LASSO regression and validated. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze the expression of key FAM genes in CLL immune cell subsets and investigate cellular communication. Functional assays, including cell viability, drug sensitivity, and oxygen consumption assays, were performed to assess the impact of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibition on CLL cells. Three FAM-related genes (LPL, SOCS3, CNR1) were identified with independent prognostic significance to construct the risk score. The FAM-score demonstrated superior prognostic performance compared to the Binet stage and was associated with established clinical prognostic markers. Single-cell analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of LPL, SOCS3, and CNR1 across CLL immune cell subsets. Cellular communication analysis highlighted the regulatory role of distinct B cell and Treg subsets in the CLL microenvironment. CLL patients with high FAM-score displayed distinct immune infiltration patterns, with increased FAO pathway activity. Inhibition of FAO reduced CLL cell viability, synergistically enhanced the efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor idelalisib. The present study constructed a prognostic risk score based on FAM gene expression, revealing related immune phenotypic differences and exploring the regulatory role of FAO in CLL development. Targeting fatty acid metabolism potentially modulates the CLL immune microenvironment and synergistically enhances the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors. Show less

Our previous studies have shown that miR-130b can significantly inhibit subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs. This study aims to further investigate its effect on lipid accumulation at early-stage (24 and 48 h) and late-stage (7 d) adipogenic differentiation and to clarify potential mechanisms using primary rat intramuscular preadipocytes (IMAs). Results showed that at 24 h and 48 h, miR-130b overexpression significantly reduced lipid deposition by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-130b overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis marker genes. Specifically, the mRNA expression of Show less

Prosody has a vital function in speech, structuring a speaker's intended message for the listener. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is considered a critical hub for prosody, but the role of earlier auditory regions like Heschl's gyrus (HG), associated with pitch processing, remains unclear. Using intracerebral recordings in humans and non-human primate models, we investigated prosody processing in narrative speech, focusing on pitch accents-abstract phonological units that signal word prominence and communicative intent. In humans, HG encoded pitch accents as abstract representations beyond spectrotemporal features, distinct from segmental speech processing, and outperforms STG in disambiguating pitch accents. Multivariate models confirm HG's unique representation of pitch accent categories. In the non-human primate, pitch accents were not abstractly encoded, despite robust spectrotemporal processing, highlighting the role of experience in shaping abstract representations. These findings emphasize a key role for the HG in early prosodic abstraction and advance our understanding of human speech processing. Show less

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer can help reduce the death rate; therefore, the identification of potential biomarkers is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for lung cancer by integrating bioinformatics analysis and machine learning (ML)-based approaches. Data were normalized using the robust multiarray average method and batch effect were corrected using the ComBat method. Differentially expressed genes were identified by the LIMMA approach and carcinoma-associated genes were selected using Enrichr, based on the DisGeNET database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed using STRING, and the PPI network was visualized using Cytoscape. The core hub genes were identified by overlapping genes obtained from degree, betweenness, closeness, and MNC. Moreover, the MCODE plugin for Cytoscape was used to perform module analysis, and optimal modules were selected based on MCODE scores along with their associated genes. Subsequently, Boruta-based ML approach was utilized to identify the important genes. Consequently, the core genes were identified by the overlapping genes obtained from PPI networks, module analysis, and ML-based approach. The prognostic and discriminative power analysis of the core genes was assessed through survival and ROC analysis. We extracted five datasets from USA cohort and three datasets from Taiwan cohort and performed same experimental protocols to determine potential biomarkers. Four genes (LPL, CLDN18, EDNRB, MME) were identified from USA cohort, while three genes (DNRB, MME, ROBO4) were from Taiwan cohort. Finally, two biomarkers (EDNRB and MME) were identified by intersecting genes, obtained from USA and Taiwan cohorts. The proposed biomarkers can significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling earlier detection, precise diagnosis, and tailored treatment, ultimately contributing to better survival rates and quality of life for patients. Show less