👤 Oleg Kovrov

Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) 8 is a secreted inhibitor of LPL, a key enzyme in plasma triglyceride metabolism. It was previously reported that ANGPTL8 requires another member of the ANGPTL family, ANGPTL3, to act on LPL. ANGPTL3, much like ANGPTL4, is a physiologically relevant regulator of LPL activity, which causes irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Here, we show that ANGPTL8 can form complexes with either ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4 when the proteins are refolded together from their denatured states. In contrast to the augmented inhibitory effect of the ANGPTL3/ANGPTL8 complex on LPL activity, the ANGPTL4/ANGPTL8 complex is less active compared with ANGPTL4 alone. In our experiments, all three members of the ANGPTL family use the same mechanism to inactivate LPL, which involves dissociation of active dimeric LPL to monomers. This inactivation can be counteracted by the presence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL binding protein 1, the endothelial LPL transport protein previously known to protect LPL from spontaneous and ANGPTL4-catalyzed inactivation. Our data demonstrate that ANGPTL8 may function as an important metabolic switch, by forming complexes with ANGPTL3, or with ANGPTL4, in order to direct the flow of energy from triglycerides in blood according to the needs of the body. Show less

The intravascular processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins depends on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and GPIHBP1, a membrane protein of endothelial cells that binds LPL within the subendothelial spaces and shuttles it to the capillary lumen. In the absence of GPIHBP1, LPL remains mislocalized within the subendothelial spaces, causing severe hypertriglyceridemia (chylomicronemia). The N-terminal domain of GPIHBP1, an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) rich in acidic residues, is important for stabilizing LPL's catalytic domain against spontaneous and ANGPTL4-catalyzed unfolding. Here, we define several important properties of GPIHBP1's IDR. First, a conserved tyrosine in the middle of the IDR is posttranslationally modified by O-sulfation; this modification increases both the affinity of GPIHBP1-LPL interactions and the ability of GPIHBP1 to protect LPL against ANGPTL4-catalyzed unfolding. Second, the acidic IDR of GPIHBP1 increases the probability of a GPIHBP1-LPL encounter via electrostatic steering, increasing the association rate constant ( Show less

Apolipoprotein C-III deficiency provides cardiovascular protection, but apolipoprotein C-III is not known to be associated with human amyloidosis. Here we report a form of amyloidosis characterized by renal insufficiency caused by a new apolipoprotein C-III variant, D25V. Despite their uremic state, the D25V-carriers exhibit low triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein C-III levels, and low very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) profile. Amyloid fibrils comprise the D25V-variant only, showing that wild-type apolipoprotein C-III does not contribute to amyloid deposition in vivo. The mutation profoundly impacts helical structure stability of D25V-variant, which is remarkably fibrillogenic under physiological conditions in vitro producing typical amyloid fibrils in its lipid-free form. D25V apolipoprotein C-III is a new human amyloidogenic protein and the first conferring cardioprotection even in the unfavourable context of renal failure, extending the evidence for an important cardiovascular protective role of apolipoprotein C-III deficiency. Thus, fibrate therapy, which reduces hepatic APOC3 transcription, may delay amyloid deposition in affected patients. Show less