Osteoglophonic dysplasia (OGD) is a rare skeletal disorder caused by certain variants in FGFR1. The FGFR1 gene encodes a receptor vital for osteogenesis in the axial and craniofacial skeleton. Key OGD Show more
Osteoglophonic dysplasia (OGD) is a rare skeletal disorder caused by certain variants in FGFR1. The FGFR1 gene encodes a receptor vital for osteogenesis in the axial and craniofacial skeleton. Key OGD features include craniosynostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism, impacted teeth, rhizomelic shortening, and nonossifying fibromas. Patients may have hypophosphatemia due to high FGF23 levels. We report two OGD patients with the c.1141T > C FGFR1 variant [p.(Cys381Arg)], initially diagnosed with Pfeiffer syndrome. Both showed classic symptoms as well as signs not previously reported, including elevated frontal temperature and overlapping toes. This report emphasizes distinguishing OGD from similar disorders and expanding the clinical phenotype. Show less
Capacitation of mammalian sperm, including alterations in flagellar motility, is presumably modulated by chemical signals encountered in the female reproductive tract. This work investigates signaling Show more
Capacitation of mammalian sperm, including alterations in flagellar motility, is presumably modulated by chemical signals encountered in the female reproductive tract. This work investigates signaling pathways for adenosine and catecholamine agonists that stimulate sperm kinetic activity. We show that 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine and isoproterenol robustly accelerate flagellar beat frequency with EC50s near 10 and 0.05 microM, respectively. The several-fold acceleration is maximal by 60 sec. Although extracellular Ca2+ is required for agonist action on the flagellar beat, agonist treatment does not elevate sperm cytosolic [Ca2+] but does increase cAMP content. Acceleration does not require the conventional transmembrane adenylyl cyclase ADCY3, since it persists in sperm of ADCY3 knockout mice and in wild-type sperm in the presence of the inhibitors of conventional adenylyl cyclases SQ-22536, MDL-12330A, or 2', 5'-dideoxyadenosine. In contrast, the acceleration by these agents is absent in sperm that lack the predominant atypical adenylyl cyclase, SACY. Responses to these agonists are also absent in sperm from mice lacking the sperm-specific Calpha2 catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA). Agonist responses also are strongly suppressed in wild-type sperm by the protein kinase inhibitor H-89. These results show that adenosine and catecholamine analogs activate sperm motility by mechanisms that require extracellular Ca2+, the atypical sperm adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, and protein kinase A. Show less