👤 Ebtsam S Abdel-Lah

Ketosis is one of the most important metabolic disorders occurring in dairy cows after calving, which is caused by a negative energy balance during the peripartum period or around parturition. The current study focused on the diagnostic significance of the clinical scoring system, with serum lipid profiles, mainly lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), as recovery indicators in ketotic dairy cattle using the hormonal-steroids-carbohydrate therapeutic protocol. The study also discussed the correlation coefficient between serum apo-B100 and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in pretreated and post-treated ketotic cattle. In this study, 50 ketotic cattle from various dairy farms. The ketotic cows were subjected to a hormonal-steroids-carbohydrate therapeutic regimen extended for a continuous 5 days, including mainly insulin, dexamethasone, and carbohydrate replacement therapy (Glucose solution 50% alternative with dextrose solution 50%) with drenching of propylene glycol. and vitamin B The ketotic dairy cattle needed a maximum 30-day follow-up period post-therapy to restore their physiological status for clinical scoring data (7 days needed) and most serum lipid indices [14 days needed, i.e., apoB-100, β-hydroxy butyric acid, NEFA, glucose, cholesterol, and AST]. A 30-day post-therapy as a follow-up period was urgently required to restore their reference values of serum LCAT. The results of this study indicated that serum LCAT activity and ApoB-100 were the most sensitive indicators of the efficacy of therapy and the restoration of the physiological status. The study revealed a significant negative correlation between serum NEFA and apoB-100 in ketotic cattle. The results of this study indicated that serum LCAT activity and ApoB-100 were the most sensitive indicators of the efficacy of therapy and the restoration of the physiological status. This could be seen by an obvious improvement in serum lipid profiles, mainly LCAT and apoB-100, and clinical findings as well as clinical coring data. The study identified a significant negative correlation between NEFA and apoB-100 in ketotic cattle. Exposure of diseased ketotic dairy cattle to this specific therapeutic strategy had a great impact on their recovery from ketosis and improved their health and productivity status. The current study concluded the diagnostic significance of the clinical scoring system (Appetite score, rumen filling score, manure digestion score, and manure condition score), and serum lipid profiles, mainly LCAT and apoB-100, as recovery indicators in ketotic dairy cattle using hormonal-steroids-carbohydrates therapeutic protocol. Show less

One of the major consequences of diabetes mellitus that has gained attention due to its rising incidence is cognitive impairment. Recent research suggested that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors can mitigate memory impairment linked to Alzheimer's disease and are now being explored for their cognitive benefits. However, their mechanisms were not thoroughly studied. This research investigates the hypothesis of the neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin administration against scopolamine-heavy metal mixture (SCO + HMM)-treated Alzheimer's rat models in comparison with memantine as a reference drug and the impact of their combination. Yet, the neuroprotective effects of memantine and empagliflozin combination against cognitive impairment have not been previously explored. This study employed adult male albino rats categorized into five groups. The impact of empagliflozin, memantine, and their concomitant administration on cognitive performance was assessed in a scopolamine and heavy metal mixture-treated Alzheimer's disease model in rats. The assessment of rats' cognitive behavior, memory, and spatial learning was conducted, followed by an evaluation of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), beta-secretase (BACE-1), oxidative stress (OS), and inflammatory marker activity. And, a western blot analysis was conducted to detect phosphorylated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Hippocampal and cerebellar histopathology were thoroughly examined, in addition to the expressions of amyloid β (Aβ). The current data demonstrate the involvement of the pAMPK/mTOR/HO-1 signaling pathway in empagliflozin neuroprotection against SCO + HMM-induced AD. In addition, it reduces AD hallmarks (Aβ and BACE1), neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress sequelae, and enhances neurogenesis and synaptic density via BDNF. This study proposes that EMPA, especially when co-administered with other conventional anti-Alzheimer therapy, may be formulated into an innovative therapeutic strategy for the enhancement of cognitive impairments associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Show less