Kevin Peikert, Andreas Hermann, Adrian Danek · 2022 · Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · added 2026-04-24
McLeod syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked multisystemic progressive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the In this review, we describe the nonhematological manifestations of MLS in comparison Show more
McLeod syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked multisystemic progressive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the In this review, we describe the nonhematological manifestations of MLS in comparison with those of VPS13A disease. While there are many similarities, differences such as mode of inheritance, sex distribution, age at manifestation, severity of heart involvement, frequency of feeding dystonia or of involuntary head drops may help to distinguish these disorders in the clinic. Immunohematological demonstration of the McLeod-Kell phenotype or detection of pathogenic mutations of (1) Patients diagnosed with the rare red cell McLeod phenotype (McLeod syndrome, MLS) require interdisciplinary collaboration of transfusion medicine specialists, neurologists, and cardiologists for both their hematological and nonhematological disease manifestations. (2) The phenotypical similarity of MLS and VPS13A disease, often leading to either confusion or insufficient diagnostic depth (under the label of "neuroacanthocytosis"), is based on interaction of the respective proteins, XK and chorein, within the cellular machinery for bulk lipid transport. (3) Overall, the term "bulk lipid transport diseases" seems useful for further research on a group of conditions that may not only share pathophysiology, but may also share treatment approaches. Show less