Latent structure analysis methods, including latent profile analysis (LPA), latent class analysis (LCA), item response theory (IRT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis Show more
Latent structure analysis methods, including latent profile analysis (LPA), latent class analysis (LCA), item response theory (IRT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), are widely used in psychological and educational research to model unobserved constructs and identify heterogeneity across individuals. However, applying these methods often requires advanced statistical expertise and the use of multiple specialized software packages with different workflows, which can limit accessibility and increase analytical complexity. This paper introduces Show less