👤 Peter Libby

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13) are linked to dementia risk, and limited evidence suggests Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project cohort participants (n=332, 73±7 years, 59% male) completed serial blood draw, neuropsychological assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging over 6.4 years (range 1.4-9.7 years). Baseline plasma VWF and ADAMTS13 levels were quantified using mass spectrometry and Olink. Fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models related Lower baseline ADAMTS13 predicted faster declines in language (β=0.11, ADAMTS13 shows promise as a potential plasma biomarker for brain aging outcomes, but additional research is warranted to understand the performance of VWF in the presence versus absence of an Show less

Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels increase cardiovascular (CV) risk. Lp(a) contains oxidized phospholipids that may promote lipid oxidation more than other lipoproteins. The highly unsaturated omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has multiple double bonds that can trap free radicals in resonance structures. Purified ethyl-EPA reduced CV events in high-risk patients with elevated Lp(a) despite Lp(a)-associated risk elevation. Since Lp(a) is enriched in oxidized lipids, we hypothesized that Lp(a)-enriched plasma undergoes more rapid oxidation than other apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing particles and that EPA limits oxidation of Lp(a)-enriched plasma more effectively than less-unsaturated fatty acids or other lipid-lowering treatments. This property could limit the cellular stress responses in endothelial cells (ECs). Lp(a) was enriched to >50% total ApoB content to resemble an Lp(a)-associated 'high-risk' phenotype and compared with matching levels of small-dense LDL (sdLDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein by isopycnic centrifugation. Samples were then incubated with EPA (50 µM) or equivolume vehicle at 37°C for 30 min. Oxidation was initiated with copper sulfate and monitored by malondialdehyde formation. We also subjected EPA to oxidation before measuring its antioxidant activity when compared with other long chain, less saturated fatty acids and lipid-lowering agents. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were incubated with Lp(a)-enriched plasma following oxidation in the absence and presence of EPA. Cell lysate samples were then analysed by global liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS)-based proteomics for significant changes in protein expression (>1-fold). Lp(a)-enriched plasma contained the highest baseline oxidized lipid (P < 0.05) and underwent the most rapid oxidation. EPA, but neither the less-unsaturated fatty acids nor lipid agents attenuated oxidation of each fraction through 4 h (P < 0.01). Oxidized EPA had diminished antioxidant capacity corresponding to the extent of oxidation. Attenuation of Lp(a) oxidation with EPA also mitigated pro-inflammatory and cellular stress response changes in protein expression. Lp(a)-enriched plasma underwent more rapid oxidation than other ApoB-containing lipoproteins and promoted inflammatory changes in EC protein expression, a process attenuated by EPA. This action may contribute to reduced CV risk by EPA in those with elevated Lp(a) levels. Show less

Disruption of photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interface with loss of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) in the retina is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative and retinal diseases including lysosomal storage disorder's like CLN3 disease. However, the retina is a functional composite Acid ceramidase deficiency and consequently altered sphingolipid signaling promotes disease phenotype(s) in a lysosomal storage disorder, CLN3 disease. Show less

Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate gene transcription and cell differentiation. Whether RA controls ectopic calcification in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that RA regulates osteogenic differentiation of human arterial smooth muscle cells and aortic valvular interstitial cells that participate in atherosclerosis and heart valve disease, respectively. Approach and Results: Human cardiovascular tissue contains immunoreactive RAR (RA receptor)-a retinoid-activated nuclear receptor directing multiple transcriptional programs. RA stimulation suppressed primary human cardiovascular cell calcification while treatment with the RAR inhibitor AGN 193109 or These results establish retinoid regulation of human cardiovascular calcification, provide new insight into mechanisms involved in these responses, and suggest selective retinoid modulators, like acyclic retinoids may allow for treating cardiovascular calcification without the adverse effects associated with cyclic retinoids. Show less