👤 Birgit Knebel

In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), responsiveness of serum lipid concentrations to dietary patterns may vary by genotype. The aims of the present study were to identify explorative dietary patterns and to examine their independent associations with serum lipid levels and interactions with apolipoprotein (Apo)A5 and ApoE variants among patients recently diagnosed with T2D. Within a cross-sectional analysis, participants of the German Diabetes Study (n = 348) with mean T2D duration of 6 months were investigated for fasting serum lipid levels, ApoA5 and ApoE genotypes; food consumption frequencies were assessed by a food propensity questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR), which extracts patterns explaining variation in serum lipid concentrations. PCA yielded interpretable dietary patterns which were, however, not related to serum lipid levels. Relevance of the RRR patterns varied by genotype: a preferred consumption of fruit gum, fruit juice, and potato dumpling, whilst avoiding fruits and vegetables independently associated with higher triglyceride levels among ApoA5*2. Patients in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence had 99 % higher triglycerides. Lower consumption frequencies of butter, cream cake, French fries, or high-percentage alcoholic beverages were independently related to lower LDL-cholesterol among ApoE2 carriers, with those in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence having 40 % lower LDL-cholesterol (both P Our explorative data analyses suggest that associations of dietary patterns with triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol differ by ApoA5 and ApoE haplotype in recently diagnosed T2D. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093. Date of registration: January 22, 2010 (retrospectively registered). Date of enrolment of first participant to the trial: September 2005. Show less

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder consisting of reproductive disturbances associated with all aspects of the metabolic syndrome and genetic components in the pathology of this complex disease is very likely. Accordingly, variations in single genes might affect specific features of PCOS and thereby help to define different subgroups. SREBP-1 or LXRα have been shown to be genetically linked to lipid metabolism or insulin sensitivity. As these are two major aspects of the PCOS phenotype, we evaluated both genes in a cohort of 153 PCOS patients. Analyses of both genes revealed in SREBF-1, i.e. SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, not any variation and in the LXRα gene no novel sequence variations. Common variants of LXRα (rs2279238:G; all:0.8658; PCOS:0.8627; controls: 0.8686 or A: all:0.13412; PCOS:0.1373; controls:0.1314; (OR (95% CI) 0.9508 (0.4226-2.1385); rs11039155: G: all:0.8767; PCOS:0.8663; controls:0.8857 and A all:0.1233; PCOS:0.1337; controls:0.1143; (OR (95% CI) 0.8383 (0.3618-1.9371)) were also not directly associated to PCOS. Combined analyses of both polymorphism revealed that there was no difference of distribution between the groups. In contrast, analyses of the impact of these polymorphisms on metabolic parameters of the syndrome indicated significant differences related to genotypes. The data indicated that rs11039155 increases metabolic risk, whereas rs2279238 has a protective effect on the overall metabolic risk. The investigation of the PCOS group presented indicates that the combined analyses of variations in putative candidate genes allowed a genotype-phenotype correlation for metabolic features. Show less