Recent studies have underlined the role of nuclear receptors in the involvement of prostate cancer signalling pathways. A total of 84 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 84 low risk prostate cancer (LP Show more
Recent studies have underlined the role of nuclear receptors in the involvement of prostate cancer signalling pathways. A total of 84 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 84 low risk prostate cancer (LPC) and 64 advanced disease (APC) cases were sampled on a tissue microarray (TMA) and stained for retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α, retionoid X receptor (RXR)-α, liver X receptor (LXR)-α, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and proliferate-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and the (pro)-inflammatory molecules cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemically. PPAR-γ expression in APC tissues was found to be significantly higher than that in LPC and BPH specimens (p<0.001). In contrast, RXR-a expression was significantly lower (p<0.001). COX2 staining demonstrated a trend towards overexpression in APC (p=0.025). No significant differences were found for RAR-α, iNOS and TNF-α expression. Staining of FXR and LXR was seen diffusely in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, preventing sufficient evaluation by definition. This study provides the basis for applying PPAR-γ ligands clinically in treatment of APC. Show less
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