Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and promotes neuroinflammation, with P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling playing a critical role. Our prior work in male mice linked P Show more
Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and promotes neuroinflammation, with P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling playing a critical role. Our prior work in male mice linked P2X7R inhibition to reduced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) release, modulated extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo, and attenuated neuroinflammation in chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE)-exposed mice. However, sex-specific roles of P2X7R signaling and EV-mediated mechanisms in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation remain unclear. Male and female mice were exposed to ethanol vapor for three weeks and treated with Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a P2X7R inhibitor. Compared to their respective CIE-unexposed controls, brain gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α ( Show less
GITR is a T-cell costimulatory receptor that enhances cellular and humoral immunity. The agonist anti-mouse GITR antibody DTA-1 has demonstrated efficacy in murine models of cancer primarily by attenu Show more
GITR is a T-cell costimulatory receptor that enhances cellular and humoral immunity. The agonist anti-mouse GITR antibody DTA-1 has demonstrated efficacy in murine models of cancer primarily by attenuation of T Show less