👤 Anthony T Buxton

To compare components of the 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep) across sex and race/ethnic groups among a diverse sample of adolescents to identity potential gaps and opportunities for intervention. The sample consisted of 704 adolescents (15.4 ± 0.6 years; 51% Black; 53% female) from year 15 of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors were measured over a week-long period using waist- and wrist-worn accelerometry. Sex, racial, and ethnic differences in 24-hour movement behaviors were examined with chi-square and t-test analyses. Female adolescents, on average, spent less time in light physical activity (LPA) and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than male adolescents. Additionally, female adolescents spent more time in sedentary behavior and had longer daily total sleep time than adolescent males. Black adolescents had higher average LPA than White adolescents. Black adolescents also had higher average MVPA and LPA than Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Hispanic/Latino youth had longer total sleep time, and more sedentary time than Black youth. No other significant differences were observed across these demographic groups. There is a continued need for interventions to promote physical activity and sleep among adolescents, with a particular focus on increasing sleep duration among boys and physical activity among girls and Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Show less

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a potentially devastating complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of effective and accurate diagnostic tools. We therefore examined peritoneal effluent for potential biomarkers that could predict or confirm the diagnosis of EPS and would be valuable in stratifying at-risk patients and driving appropriate interventions. Using prospectively collected samples from the Global Fluid Study and a cohort of Greek PD patients, we utilized 2D SDSPAGE/ MS and iTRAQ to identify changes in the peritoneal effluent proteome from patients diagnosed with EPS and controls matched for treatment exposure. We employed a combinatorial peptide ligand library to compress the dynamic range of protein concentrations to aid identification of low-abundance proteins. In patients with stable membrane function, fibrinogen γ-chain and heparan sulphate proteoglycan core protein progressively increased over time on PD. In patients who developed EPS, collagen-α1(I), γ-actin and Complement factors B and I were elevated up to five years prior to diagnosis. Orosomucoid-1 and a2-HS-glycoprotein chain-B were elevated about one year before diagnosis, while apolipoprotein A-IV and α1-antitrypsin were decreased compared to controls. Dynamic range compression resulted in an increased number of proteins detected with improved resolution of protein spots, compared to the full fluid proteome. Intelectin-1, dermatopontin, gelsolin, and retinol binding protein-4 were elevated in proteome-mined samples from patients with EPS compared to patients that had just commenced peritoneal dialysis. Thus, prospective analysis of peritoneal effluent uncovered proteins indicative of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic injury worthy of further evaluation as diagnostic/prognostic markers. Show less