Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, the efficacy and mechanism of Ginger juice processed Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (GJPZSS) for treating insomnia, particularly stress-related types, were Show more
Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, the efficacy and mechanism of Ginger juice processed Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (GJPZSS) for treating insomnia, particularly stress-related types, were investigated to provide empirical evidence. An insomnia model was induced in mice by DL-4-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and chronic tail clamping. The sedative effect was evaluated by behavioral tests. Serum components from GJPZSS were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and 64 potential targets were identified. The cAMP signaling pathway was enriched as the core pathway by Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis and was validated by molecular docking. GJPZSS was demonstrated to prolong sleep time, reduce immobility time, increase 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, decrease hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis levels, and suppress neuronal death. The reduction of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain was also significantly inhibited. It was concluded that the sleep-improving effect of GJPZSS was mediated through the regulation of the HPA axis and the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Show less
Atherosclerosis (AS), the primary pathophysiological foundation of coronary artery disease (CAD), initiates through endothelial dysfunction that facilitates lipid deposition and plaque formation. Emer Show more
Atherosclerosis (AS), the primary pathophysiological foundation of coronary artery disease (CAD), initiates through endothelial dysfunction that facilitates lipid deposition and plaque formation. Emerging evidence implicates dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) in vascular pathologies, yet its mechanistic role in AS-associated endothelial ferroptosis remains undefined. Multidisciplinary approaches were employed: 1) Bioinformatic analysis of public databases identified DPP4-ferroptosis-AS associations; 2) Clinical samples measured plasma DPP4 levels across CAD severity strata; 3) Atherogenic progression was compared between DPP4 Clinical samples analysis revealed a significant increase in plasma DPP4 levels in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis, with DPP4 enrichment observed at plaque. Animal studies demonstrated that DPP4 deficiency attenuated progression of AS and ferroptosis in murine models. Cellular experiments revealed ox-LDL upregulated DPP4 expression, concomitant with increased ferroptosis susceptibility and endothelial dysfunction. DPP4 inhibition preserved endothelial viability by blocking lipid peroxide accumulation. Mechanistically, mouse proteomics revealed that ferroptosis and autophagy pathways were associated with DPP4 in AS. DPP4 destabilized FTH1 via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, proven by concordant rescue effects of chloroquine (autophagy inhibition) and saxagliptin (DPP4 inhibition) on FTH1 preservation. This study establishes endothelial DPP4 as a regulator of ferritinophagy-driven ferroptosis, inducing endothelial dysfunction in AS. Our findings propose targeting the DPP4-NCOA4-FTH1 axis as a promising strategy to preserve endothelial viability and halt early AS progression, with translational implications for repurposing DPP4 inhibitors in cardiovascular therapeutics. Show less
Cerebral palsy (CP), the most prevalent pediatric motor disorder with significant cognitive comorbidity (> 50%), lacks therapies addressing both impairments in moderate-to-severe cases. This study dem Show more
Cerebral palsy (CP), the most prevalent pediatric motor disorder with significant cognitive comorbidity (> 50%), lacks therapies addressing both impairments in moderate-to-severe cases. This study demonstrates that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) exert profound therapeutic effects in a rat model of moderate-to-severe CP established via bilateral carotid artery occlusion with hypoxia. Intravenously administered hUCMSC-Exos displayed sustained brain retention and significantly restored motor coordination and cognitive function. The recovery was primarily mediated through enhanced remyelination driven by promoted oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation (elevated oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 and myelin basic protein). Concurrently, the treatment attenuated key pathological processes involving sustained neuroinflammatory responses (reduced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) while elevating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our findings establish hUCMSC-Exos as a promising dual-modality therapy for moderate-to-severe CP, mechanistically linked to robust remyelination and coordinated modulation of core disease mechanisms. Show less
Shuhui Chai, Yihang Zhang, Yi Guo+17 more · 2026 · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24
Atherosclerosis is the inflammatory consequence of lipid accumulation with plaque formation in the vascular intima and is a common condition to develop into various cardiovascular diseases. Current th Show more
Atherosclerosis is the inflammatory consequence of lipid accumulation with plaque formation in the vascular intima and is a common condition to develop into various cardiovascular diseases. Current therapies do not always lead to satisfactory treatment outcomes. Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan produced by bacterial transformation from plant lignans, has a preventive effect against cardiovascular disease. However, its effect on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. To explore the therapeutic effect of ENL on atherosclerosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We established a model of atherosclerosis on ApoE-/- C57BL/6 mice by high fat diet. The aortic root was collected and sectioned to assess arterial plaque area, collagen fibrillar proliferation, and lipid content. RT-qPCR was used to determine the inflammatory response in the artery of mice. The serum from mice was isolated to measure lipid levels, and the fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA. H In the animals, enterolactone significantly improved lipid metabolism, attenuated ferroptosis occurring in the intima, facilitated the antioxidant mechanisms, and promoted healing of the endothelial lesions, by interacting with Nrf2. Of great importance, enterolactone massively altered the gut microbiota toward a curative outcome by elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as the SCFA-producing taxa. Additionally, ENL suppresses lipid peroxidation and inflammatory activation in HUVECs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, and knocking down Nrf2 attenuates the treatment effect of ENL. Enterolactone effectively resolves intimal inflammation and redresses atherosclerosis by ameliorating the gut microbiome and modulating lipid metabolism via the Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. Show less
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a key regulator of energy balance and feeding behavior, plays a critical role in sheep growth. Herein, we identified a naturally occurring conserved functional SNP Show more
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a key regulator of energy balance and feeding behavior, plays a critical role in sheep growth. Herein, we identified a naturally occurring conserved functional SNP (g.59480661G > A, E100K, P.Glu100Lys) in the sheep MC4R gene. Using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR method, we detected this mutation in 2,151 sheep from six different breeds. Association analysis revealed that this mutation affects the growth traits of Luxi Blackhead sheep, and the individuals with AA (K100) genotype exhibited superior growth performance compared to the GG (E100) genotype. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing data from 49 sheep breeds, totaling 968 individuals, showed a higher mutation frequency of this variant in some large-sized sheep breeds. Functional studies demonstrated that the E100K mutation does not affect protein localization or transport but reduces surface and total protein expression. The mutated receptor exhibited decreased basal activity and reduced binding efficiency with agonists (α-MSH and β-MSH), resulting in a partial loss of function. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that this mutation affects downstream pathways, including osteoclast differentiation and the MAPK signaling pathway, which may influence growth regulation associated with the E100K mutation. Collectively, these findings underscore the substantial role of the partial loss-of-function MC4R E100K mutation in regulating growth traits in sheep. Show less
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a major health burden, particularly in Asia, with poor patient prognosis despite advancements in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The ma Show more
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a major health burden, particularly in Asia, with poor patient prognosis despite advancements in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The marked inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity of ESCC underscores the need for molecularly informed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent high-throughput omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have substantially advanced our understanding of ESCC biology. Genomic profiling has revealed recurrent alterations such as TP53 and NOTCH1 mutations, as well as actionable targets including PIK3CA, FGFR1, and SOX2 amplifications, which provide new opportunities for precision therapy. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses have identified methylation-based early detection markers (e.g., PAX9, SIM2) and immune-related transcriptomic subtypes associated with prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness. Proteomic and metabolomic studies have further uncovered cell cycle and spliceosome pathway activation and altered lactate metabolism, offering additional biomarker and therapeutic insights. In this review, we synthesize these multi-omics advances and highlight how they collectively inform improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for ESCC. Despite these developments, the clinical translation of multi-omics findings remains limited due to the lack of standardized analytical pipelines, insufficient multi-center validation, and the high cost and technical complexity of integrating multi-omics data into routine clinical workflows. Future research integrating artificial intelligence with multi-omics data holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and enabling more precise therapeutic decision-making in ESCC. Show less
Families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter significant challenges, manifesting in elevated stress levels and compromised physical and mental well-being. This Show more
Families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter significant challenges, manifesting in elevated stress levels and compromised physical and mental well-being. This study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to comprehensively examine family resilience attributes among 328 Chinese parents of children with ASD. Drawing on Walsh's family resilience framework and the Double ABCX stress-adaptation model, the research examined how protective factors (social support, posttraumatic growth) and risk factors (family stressors) distinctively characterize resilience profiles and predict profile membership, alongside sociodemographic correlates. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the following three distinct family resilience profiles emerged: adversity (32.31%; characterized by low resilience), ordinary (46.65%; demonstrating moderate resilience) and growth (21.03%; exhibiting high resilience). Critically, the findings revealed that higher family income, perceived social support and posttraumatic growth were associated with higher family resilience, while family stressors were associated with lower family resilience. These insights underscore the importance of developing targeted, personalized intervention strategies that can effectively enhance familial coping mechanisms and psychological adaptation for families navigating the complex challenges of ASD. Show less
The protein corona formed upon systemic administration critically modulates the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of the nanomedicines. While emerging evidence links obesity Show more
The protein corona formed upon systemic administration critically modulates the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of the nanomedicines. While emerging evidence links obesity to heightened chemosensitivity, the underlying nanobio-interfacial mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) exhibits significantly enhanced antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy in obese breast tumor-bearing mice compared to normal controls. Mechanistic investigations reveal that obesity confers PLD with prolonged systemic circulation and improved tumor accumulation. Notably, preincubation of PLD with plasma from obese mice reduces macrophage uptake while promoting internalization by breast cancer cells compared to that from normal mice. Genetic ablation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in obese mice abolishes obesity-associated improvements in PLD blood circulation, tumor accumulation, and uptake by cancer cells. Conversely, supplementation with recombinant ApoE restores these effects in ApoE-deficient mice and potentiates PLD's antitumor efficacy. Collectively, our findings demonstrate obesity-induced ApoE as a pivotal regulator of the protein corona that actively enhances tumor-targeted delivery of PLD, which offers a rational strategy for engineering protein-corona-mediated tumor-targeted nanomedicines. Show less
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most aggressive subtype of ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC), with characters of late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rate, and poor survival outcomes. Fu Show more
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most aggressive subtype of ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC), with characters of late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rate, and poor survival outcomes. Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is responsible for α1,6-core fucosylation biosynthesis, and aberrant FUT8/α1,6-core fucosylation level is involved in tumor progression. However, the roles and mechanisms of protein FUT8 and α1,6-core fucosylation in HGSC tumorigenesis and progression remain elusive. Here, our study confirms that elevated levels of FUT8/α1,6-core fucose in the tissues and serum of HGSC patients, and the elevation is associated with poor patient prognosis. By applying glycoproteomic assay, we globally screen and identify NCEH1 as the specific scaffold protein of α1,6-core fucosylation. Alpha 1,6-core fucose modification stabilizes NCEH1 by preventing its degradation through proteasomal pathway. Importantly, combined with non-targeted metabolomics analysis, α1,6-core fucosylated NCEH1 facilitates LPA secretion, driving M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, thus leading to oncogenesis and peritoneal metastasis of HGSC in vitro and in vivo. These findings broaden the understanding of FUT8/α1,6-core fucosylation/NCEH1 in HGSC progression and metastasis, and offer glycosylated diagnostic indicators and targets for therapeutic strategies in HGSC. Show less
This study aims to elucidate the role of Enterococcusin the progression from inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer (CRC), with a focus on identifying key metabolites and host genes regulated Show more
This study aims to elucidate the role of Enterococcusin the progression from inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer (CRC), with a focus on identifying key metabolites and host genes regulated by Enterococcusand their influence on CRC development. Using the database gutMGene, gutMDisorder and MACdb, we mined the key metabolites and human genes. We acquired the activated genes (panel 1) and inhibited genes (panel 2), and metabolite associated genes (MAGs, panel 3). Subsequent analyses included protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, functional enrichment, differential expression and survival analysis in CRC, and immune infiltration assessment. We screened 12 activated genes (Panel1: Show less
To explore the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of premature (age of onset: men ≤ 55 years old, women ≤ 65 years old) myocardial infarction (PMI). This study Show more
To explore the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of premature (age of onset: men ≤ 55 years old, women ≤ 65 years old) myocardial infarction (PMI). This study retrospectively collected the medical records (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and serum lipid) of 379 PMI patients and 628 age-matched non-AMI individuals (controls), from December 2018 to March 2024. The relationship between APOE polymorphisms and PMI was analyzed. 15(1.5%) individuals carried ɛ2/ɛ2, 147(14.6%) had ɛ2/ɛ3, 16(1.6%) presented with ɛ2/ɛ4, 670(66.5%) were ɛ3/ɛ3 carriers, 149(14.8%) had ɛ3/ɛ4, and 10 (1.0%) carried ɛ4/ɛ4. The proportion of ɛ2/ɛ3 genotype was significantly lower in the PMI group than in controls (7.7% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype was substantially higher in the PMI group (20.6% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified some associated factors: smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 3.057, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.098-4.455, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 4.474, 95% CI: 3.273-6.117, p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (OR: 1.805, 95% CI: 1.333-2.443, p < 0.001). Additionally, genetic factors were associated with PMI: the APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype (vs. ɛ3/ɛ3, OR: 1.548, 95% CI: 1.038-2.309, p = 0.032) and the presence of ɛ4 allele (vs. ɛ3, OR: 1.521, 95% CI: 1.033-2.241, p = 0.034) were confirmed as independent associated factors. APOE ε3/ε4 genotype was significantly associated with PMI, suggesting that this genotype could serve as a potential genetic marker for PMI risk assessment. Show less
Mind-body exercises (MBEs), including Tai Chi (TC), Qigong (QG), Yoga (YG), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), show promise in neuropsychiatric rehabilitation by modulating neuroinflammati Show more
Mind-body exercises (MBEs), including Tai Chi (TC), Qigong (QG), Yoga (YG), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), show promise in neuropsychiatric rehabilitation by modulating neuroinflammation. This study systematically examines the effects of MBEs on neuroinflammation-related biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders, aiming to identify optimal modalities, dosages, and key moderators. Databases were systematically searched for eligible RCTs from inception until February 2025. Data were analyzed using R packages (" Twenty-nine RCTs involving 2253 participants were included. MBEs significantly reduced IL-6 [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.47] and IL-1β [SMD = -0.90], while increasing BDNF [SMD = 1.08] and IL-10 [SMD = 0.87]. Effects on TNF-α [SMD = -0.33] and CRP [SMD = -0.12] showed a non-significant trend toward benefit. Dosages between 600 and 1000 MET-min/week yielded the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. Network meta-analysis ranked TC and MBSR as the most effective for reducing proinflammatory cytokines, while QG showed the greatest benefits for neurotrophic outcomes. Participant characteristics (age, population, clinical conditions) and MBE parameters (duration, frequency, session length) significantly moderated neuroprotective effects. MBEs effectively reduce proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuropsychiatric disorders. The optimal dosage ranges from 600 to 1000 MET-min/week. Given the impact of participant characteristics and MBE parameters, personalized prescriptions may enhance clinical outcomes and long-term neuroprotective effects. Show less
To retrospectively analyze the effects of Butylphthalide and Sodium Chloride Injection (BP-SC) combined with Argatroban (AG) on neurological deficits and hemorheology in progressive ischemic stroke (P Show more
To retrospectively analyze the effects of Butylphthalide and Sodium Chloride Injection (BP-SC) combined with Argatroban (AG) on neurological deficits and hemorheology in progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) patients. A total of 123 PIS patients admitted to our hospital between April 2023 and April 2025 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to the different treatment schemes: the control group (n=58; treated with AG) and the research group (n=65; treated with BP-SC and AG). Clinical efficacy, neurological deficits (assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), neurological function (astrocyte-derived protein S100β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], and neuron-specific enolase [NSE]), hemorheology (fibrinogen [FIB], plasma viscosity [PV], whole blood low-shear viscosity [WBLSV]), vascular endothelial function (endothelin-1 [ET-1] and nitric oxide [NO]), inflammatory factors (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), adverse events (gingival bleeding, subcutaneous ecchymosis, nausea, abdominal distension, and vomiting), the 90-day post-operative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were compared between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the research group demonstrated significantly higher overall effective rate and favorable prognosis rate. The research group also showed greater post-treatment reductions in the NIHSS score and levels of S100-β and NSE, along with a more pronounced elevation in BDNF level, indicating improved neuronal function. Additionally, the combined treatment significantly improved multiple hemorheological indices and endothelial function as evidenced by reduced ET-1 level and elevated NO level. Moreover, levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased. However, the total incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups. Combined treatment with BP-SC and AG exerts more significant improvements in neurological deficits and hemorheological parameters in PIS patients. Show less
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, and endothelial cells (ECs) senescence plays a key role in its initiation and progression. This study investigates the function and epigene Show more
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, and endothelial cells (ECs) senescence plays a key role in its initiation and progression. This study investigates the function and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced senescence and atherosclerosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The experiments show that Ox-LDL stimulation upregulates the expression of OIP5-AS1 and RASA1 while inhibiting miR-30b-5p. Silencing OIP5-AS1 significantly suppresses the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, alleviates HAECs senescence, and enhances proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Methylation-specific primers (MSP) and bisulfite-specific primers (BSP) analyses reveal that Ox-LDL stimulation activates OIP5-AS1 expression by reducing the DNA methylation level in its promoter region and altering histone modifications (increased H3K27ac and decreased H3K9me3). Luciferase assays show that OIP5-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to miR-30b-5p and upregulating RASA1. Animal experiments further confirm that the knockdown of OIP5-AS1 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE Show less
The quality of informal care for people with dementia (PwD) has gained increasing importance, as most PwD prefer home-based care over institutional placement. However, evidence-based intervention prog Show more
The quality of informal care for people with dementia (PwD) has gained increasing importance, as most PwD prefer home-based care over institutional placement. However, evidence-based intervention programs tailored to distinct care quality profiles remain limited. Additionally, the absence of clear thresholds to identify PwD receiving low-quality informal care poses a challenge for research and clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to identify the profiles of quality of care (QoC) among informal caregivers of PwD, explore influencing factors of different profile, and determine the optimal cut-off score of the Exemplary Care Scale (ECS). A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 213 dyads of PwD and their informal caregivers were recruited from memory clinic, rehabilitation clinic, and neurological clinic of a tertiary hospitals and communities in Wuhan, Hubei, China, between July 15, 2023, and July 14, 2024. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify QoC profiles. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to explore influencing factors of profile membership. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the ECS cut-off score. Three distinct QoC profiles were identified: high (24.41%), moderate (44.60%), and low (30.99%). Among informal caregivers, lower monthly income, insufficient social support, and higher perceived overload were associated with low QoC profile, whereas, better quality of pre-illness relationship with PwD and greater activities of daily living (ADL) of PwD were associated with high QoC. ROC analysis yielded an optimal ECS cut‑off score of 15, with high sensitivity (0.993) and specificity (0.955). This study identified three distinct QoC profiles among caregivers of PwD, underscoring the heterogeneity of informal care quality. The identified predictors and the validated ECS cut‑off score of 15 provide an empirical basis for developing tailored screening tools and targeted interventions for high‑risk caregiver subgroups. Show less
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic Show more
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Structurally composed of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], Lp(a) exhibits unique atherogenic, thrombogenic, and inflammatory properties, largely due to its role as a carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL). Plasma Lp(a) concentrations are predominantly determined by the number of kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats in the LPA gene, with minimal influence from lifestyle or environmental factors. Despite substantial evidence linking elevated Lp(a) to cardiovascular risk, clinical testing remains underutilized, especially in East Asian countries. In Taiwan, although population-level Lp(a) concentrations are comparatively low, a significant subset exceeds risk thresholds, with local studies confirming its prognostic value in coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Barriers, including limited physician awareness, implementation barriers, and therapeutic nihilism, contribute to its under-recognition. This review highlights the molecular features of Lp(a), its pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, epidemiology, and current barriers and future advances in diagnostic testing, with a particular focus on implications for cardiovascular risk management in Taiwan. Show less
This study aims to systematically investigate the multi-target mechanisms of cobalamin in the treatment of ischemic stroke using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. We screened data Show more
This study aims to systematically investigate the multi-target mechanisms of cobalamin in the treatment of ischemic stroke using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. We screened databases to identify the targets of cobalamin and performed intersected with with ischemic stroke-related targets to construct a “drug-target-disease” interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to identify key biological processes and signaling pathways. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were performed to assess the binding affinity between cobalamin and hub proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to assess the stability of the protein–ligand complexes over a 500 ns simulation period. Additionally, ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability predictions were made using ADMETlab 3.0 and admetSAR 3.0. A total of 95 therapeutic targets of cobalamin for ischemic stroke were identified. Network analysis and molecular docking highlighted eight core targets—ALB, TIMP1, PLG, FN1, AGT, SERPINE1, APOE, and SPP1—with high binding affinities to cobalamin. GO analysis suggested that cobalamin regulates inflammatory responses, post-translational modifications, complement binding, and lipoprotein particle binding. KEGG analysis identified complement and coagulation cascades, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and inflammation-related signaling as central to its therapeutic effects. Molecular docking showed strong binding to ALB and TIMP1, which was further confirmed by MD simulations, with minimal conformational changes. The PLG-cobalamin complex exhibited more fluctuations. ADME analysis revealed low passive permeability, particularly across the blood–brain barrier, but moderate distribution and high plasma protein binding. This study provides evidence that cobalamin may offer neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by interacting with key target proteins involved in coagulation, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. The findings highlight the potential of cobalamin as a therapeutic agent, although its limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier may restrict its oral use. Further experimental validation and development of suitable delivery methods are needed to fully realize cobalamin’s potential in stroke therapy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-41564-6. Show less
Fear of progression (FoP) is a prevalent psychological issue among stroke patients. Previous studies failing to distinguish characteristics of patient groups with varying FoP levels. Latent profile an Show more
Fear of progression (FoP) is a prevalent psychological issue among stroke patients. Previous studies failing to distinguish characteristics of patient groups with varying FoP levels. Latent profile analysis (LPA) classifies individuals into distinct subgroups via continuous FoP indicators, boosting classification accuracy by accounting for variable uncertainty. Given FoP's heterogeneity, investigating FoP profiles and their influencing factors in stroke patients is clinically significant for personalized psychological care and improved patient quality of life. A total of 366 stroke patients were selected as study subjects through convenience sampling, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted. FoP was assessed using the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF, 2 dimensions, 12 items). Independent variables included demographic characteristics, clinical indicators, the Recurrence Risk Perception Scale for Stroke patients (RRPSS), and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). LPA was performed on the FoP-Q-SF items to identify subgroups. The R3STEP method was used to analyze influencing factors of subgroup membership, and the BCH method was applied to compare differences in distal outcomes across subgroups. Statistical significance was set at The study sample had a mean age of 63.93 ± 10.58 years, with 70.5% males and 65.0% first-ever stroke patients. Two latent profiles were identified: Low-FoP Adaptive Type (C1, 48.6%) and High-FoP Sustained Type (C2, 51.4%). The R3STEP showed that age 18-59 years (OR = 0.476, 95%CI = 0.245-0.924, This study revealed significant heterogeneity in FoP among stroke patients. Age, hypertension comorbidity, excessive recurrence risk perception, MCMQ-confrontation, and MCMQ-avoidance were associated with high FoP. Healthcare providers should prioritize identifying high-risk individuals and develop tailored interventions to reduce FoP and improve rehabilitation outcomes. Show less
While mindfulness has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing executive function in non-athletes through improved present-moment awareness and acceptance of current experiences, particularly regarding atte Show more
While mindfulness has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing executive function in non-athletes through improved present-moment awareness and acceptance of current experiences, particularly regarding attention regulation and cognitive control, its neurocognitive mechanisms and the effects and underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on different executive functioning skills in athletic populations remain poorly understood. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial tackles a novel and important topic by investigating the beneficial effects of 12-week MBI on executive functioning skills in baseball players-a population that faces unique cognitive and physical demands, and the associated neurophysiological and biochemical regulation mechanisms. Thirty-four baseball players were randomly divided into the MBI group (11M/6F) and the control group (11M/6F). Executive functioning skills (N-back task for working memory, Stroop task for inhibitory control, and Switching task for cognitive flexibility) were tested before and after the intervention. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record quantified hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex through oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) monitoring during the performance of executive function tasks. Biomarkers of cognitive function, including BDNF, IL-6, TNF-α, and Cortisol, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). MBI partially improved all three executive function skills, with increased Oxy-Hb level in L-FPA during the task of working memory, increased Oxy-Hb level in R-VLPFC during the task of inhibitory control, and decreased Oxy-Hb level in R-FPA, M-FPA, and L-DLPFC during the task of cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, MBI increased circulating BDNF level and decreased IL-6 and Cortisol levels. In addition, our correlation analyses showed that improvement in executive function (improved behavioral performances and changes in Oxy-Hb levels) were associated with changes in Cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). A 12-week MBI partially improved three components of executive function in baseball players. This enhancement may be attributed to the MBI-induced reductions in Cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6), which altered blood oxygen contents in specific brain regions, thereby promoting executive function. Show less
Microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation, driving either detrimental M1 or protective M2 polarization, which critically impacts the outcomes of ischemic stroke. While fibroblast growth factor 20 Show more
Microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation, driving either detrimental M1 or protective M2 polarization, which critically impacts the outcomes of ischemic stroke. While fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is established as a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective properties, its role in regulating microglial polarization remains unclear. This study investigated a novel function of FGF20 in alleviating post-stroke neuroinflammation and its underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), intracerebroventricular administration of FGF20 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function. RT-PCR analysis revealed that FGF20 bidirectionally regulated cytokine expression, suppressing M1-associated markers (CD86, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α) while enhancing M2-associated markers (IL-10, Arg-1). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that FGF20 attenuated microglia activation in peri-infarct striatum and hippocampus. In vitro, FGF20 counteracted LPS-induced M1 polarization in primary microglia, downregulated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and upregulated TREM2 expression. Notably, while the selective FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 abolished FGF20-induced TREM2 upregulation, it did not reverse the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB, indicating that these two effects are mediated through distinct regulatory mechanisms. These phenotypic shifts were further confirmed by a reduction in CD32/16 Show less
Older adults increasingly rely on digital health resources, yet evidence regarding the relationship between eHealth literacy (eHL) and 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB), including physical activity Show more
Older adults increasingly rely on digital health resources, yet evidence regarding the relationship between eHealth literacy (eHL) and 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB), including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep, remains underexplored. This study examined the associations between eHL and 24-HMB in Chinese older adults and examined self-efficacy as a potential mediator and moderator. Using a convenience sampling approach, 564 community-dwelling older adults (aged 60-74 years) were recruited from four urban Chinese cities via an online survey. A total of 553 valid cases were retained for analyses. eHL was assessed using the eHealth Literacy Scale-Web 3.0, and self-efficacy was assessed using a validated Self-Efficacy Scale. PA and SB were assessed objectively using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers over three consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend day). Sleep duration was derived from accelerometer-based estimates anchored by daily sleep logs. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations, and mediation and moderation were tested using PROCESS macro (Model 4 and Model 1, respectively), adjusting for age, sex, and education. After adjustment for covariates ( In this cross-sectional, urban, device-using sample of older adults, higher eHL was associated with a more favorable 24-HMB profile, particularly higher LPA and lower SB, while associations with sleep duration were weaker. Self-efficacy showed modest indirect associations consistent with partial mediation for PA and SB and also acted as a moderator of several associations. Given the observational design and modest effect sizes, findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in longitudinal or experimental studies with more representative sampling and improved sleep assessment. Show less
Osteoarthritis (OA) often coexists with metabolic traits (MTs), causing significant disability. Our study aims to uncover the shared genetic mechanisms between OA and MTs, revealing novel OA-MT relate Show more
Osteoarthritis (OA) often coexists with metabolic traits (MTs), causing significant disability. Our study aims to uncover the shared genetic mechanisms between OA and MTs, revealing novel OA-MT related genes, proteins and pathways. We first explored the clinical associations between OA and MTs based on UK Biobank data. Using GWAS statistics for 9 OA subtypes and 51 MTs, we identified both global and regional genetic correlations. Multi-trait GWAS helped revealed credible genes and relevant pathways through various methods. Protein-level analyses were also conducted to identify key proteins. We developed polygenic scores (PGS), machine learning models and drug repurposing strategies were explored to translate these findings into clinical applications. We identified 152 trait pairs with significant associations and 709 local regions linked to OA-MT. Key SNVs like rs13135092 (SLC39A8) and rs34811474 (ANAPC4) were associated with multiple OA-MT pairs. Lipid and glucose metabolism emerged as central pathways, with tissue-specific enrichment analyses revealing key gene clusters in hepatocytes, arteries, and brain regions. Protein-level analyses identified 205 protein subgroups. PGS integrating MTs outperformed model based solely on OA, improving AUC by 17.5%. Causal gene-based models showed strong diagnostic accuracy (average AUC = 0.875 in external cohorts). Drug prediction highlighted fenofibrate as a promising treatment among 71 candidates. This study provides new insights into the genetic links between OA and MTs. We identified genes, proteins, and pathways related to comorbidities, revealing shared mechanisms, highlighting the potential of integrating metabolic factors to improve OA prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Show less
Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) has been implicated in cell death, glucose homeostasis, and tumor progression, yet its role in atherosclerosis (AS) remains unclear. In this Show more
Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) has been implicated in cell death, glucose homeostasis, and tumor progression, yet its role in atherosclerosis (AS) remains unclear. In this study, SNHG5 expression was markedly elevated in aortic tissues of high-fat diet-fed apoE Show less
According to existing research findings, dihydroartemisinin effectively regulates bone metabolism balance, while ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of th Show more
According to existing research findings, dihydroartemisinin effectively regulates bone metabolism balance, while ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. As the exact biological mechanism among the three is still unclear, Mendelian randomization, computer-aided drug design, and transcriptomics sequencing were used to explore the specific mechanism of action. The study validated the specific signaling pathways through which dihydroartemisinin may treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head using animal experiments and transcriptomics sequencing. Data were obtained from public databases for Mendelian randomization analysis, and a two-sample Mendelian randomization was used to determine the intermediary role of core pathway-related targets. Computer-aided drug design was employed to assess the binding affinity between dihydroartemisinin and core targets. Transcriptome sequencing determined that dihydroartemisinin may treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating ferroptosis. We obtained 564 ferroptosis-related targets that met the analysis criteria and 1812 plasma proteins from the UK Biobank, and analyzed finngen_R11_OSTEON_DRUGS in the Finnish database as outcome. The results showed that there were two quantitative trait loci that had a causal relationship with ferroptosis targets. There were 110 protein quantitative trait loci causally associated with plasma proteins from the UK Biobank, and none of these loci had an inverse causal relationship with SONFH. Through mediation analysis, 7 mediating pathways were identified, yielding eight targets including ZP3, CCL17, APOE, C7ORF50, SPINK4, SPINK2, FTMT, and PRDX6. Computer-aided drug design revealed that CCL17 and PRDX6 exhibited the best docking effects. The study determined that CCL17 and PRDX6 have a significant causal relationship with SONFH. It also clarified the specific mechanism by which DHA may regulate ferroptosis to treat SONFH, which will provide a reference for the discussion of the prevention and treatment mechanisms of SONFH. Show less
Focal articular cartilage defects often progress to osteoarthritis, imposing a substantial global health burden. Current neglect of cartilage developmental regulation and cartilage microenvironment co Show more
Focal articular cartilage defects often progress to osteoarthritis, imposing a substantial global health burden. Current neglect of cartilage developmental regulation and cartilage microenvironment compromises therapeutic efficacy. We developed an innovation CE-SKP/CPH/P2G3 scaffold which effectively repairs focal cartilage defects and emulates native cartilage ontogeny: the superficial CE-SKP hydrogel layer recruits SMSCs and promotes chondrogenesis; the middle CPH hydrogel layer induces chondrocyte hypertrophic calcification, forming cartilage calcified layer; and the basal P2G3 nanofiber membrane isolates subchondral cells, enforcing a top-down developmental sequence and preserving a localized hypoxic niche. Show less
Neuropathic pain (NP), a chronic disorder caused by somatosensory nervous system lesions, severely impairs the quality of life. Microglial metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation drive NP progre Show more
Neuropathic pain (NP), a chronic disorder caused by somatosensory nervous system lesions, severely impairs the quality of life. Microglial metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation drive NP progression. Although ChREBP (key metabolic regulator) protects against NP, its specific mechanisms remain unclear. NP rat model was established via spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery, and mechanical allodynia was evaluated using Von Frey tests. ChREBP expression in microglia was detected through immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Functional studies involved ChREBP knockdown/overexpression to assess effects on microglial polarization, neuroinflammation, neuronal excitability, pain behaviors, and fatty acid metabolism. Mechanisms were explored via dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Mechanical pain thresholds were significantly decreased on the ipsilateral side after SNI. ChREBP was upregulated in SDH microglia after SNI and in LPS-stimulated microglia in vitro. ChREBP knockdown inhibited anti-inflammatory microglial polarization, exacerbated neuroinflammation, and aggravated pain. Conversely, ChREBP overexpression promoted the anti-inflammatory phenotype, suppressed neuroinflammation, and alleviated pain. ChREBP enhanced microglial fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism. Mechanistically, ChREBP bound to the TFBS1 site on the PGC-1α promoter to activate its transcription. PGC-1α overexpression rescued the impairments caused by ChREBP knockdown, including reduced fatty acid oxidation, suppressed anti-inflammatory polarization, elevated inflammatory factors, and increased neuronal excitability. The protective effects of ChREBP were attenuated by the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor Etomoxir. ChREBP alleviates NP by enhancing microglial fatty acid oxidation and anti-inflammatory phenotype via PGC-1α transcriptional activation, revealing a novel metabolic-immune axis for potential NP therapy. Show less
Chronic pain (CP) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly disabling global diseases, and their high comorbidity creates a bidirectional vicious cycle, significantly exacerbating functional impa Show more
Chronic pain (CP) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly disabling global diseases, and their high comorbidity creates a bidirectional vicious cycle, significantly exacerbating functional impairment and treatment resistance. Multidisciplinary evidence suggests that the comorbid nature arises from deep functional coupling and neural network remodeling between the sensory-pain and emotional systems, rather than merely a symptom overlap. Neuroimaging, animal models, and neuromodulation studies demonstrate that key brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and reward system, show consistent abnormalities in the comorbid state, creating a cross-brain network that jointly regulates pain, emotion, and cognition. This paper systematically reviews the central structures, neural circuits, and neurotransmitter regulatory mechanisms of CP-MDD comorbidity and proposes an integrated emotion-perception coupling network model. We highlight the mechanisms and translational potential of multi-pathway intervention strategies, with a focus on neuromodulation techniques (rTMS, tDCS), combined with ketamine, BDNF modulators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, it is emphasized that future research must integrate multimodal imaging, multi-omics data, and computational modeling to establish a mechanism-driven personalized stratification system. With the support of high spatiotemporal resolution brain connectomics technology, this will facilitate the transition from a 'symptom control' to a 'mechanism repair' paradigm in treating comorbidities. Show less
As a progressive neurological degenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant concern, with the lack of effective cures burdening healthcare resources and posing ongoing obstacle Show more
As a progressive neurological degenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant concern, with the lack of effective cures burdening healthcare resources and posing ongoing obstacles for scientific research in neuroscience. Tianwang Buxin Pills (TWBXP) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula long employed for treating amnesia and cognitive decline, and has shown promising potential in AD treatment. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms responsible for these effects warrant further investigation. This study seeks to systematically evaluate the impact of TWBXP on cognition, neuronal damage, and synaptic plasticity in AD mice, while clarifying its underlying therapeutic mechanisms. HPLC-UV was employed to ensure the quality of TWBXP. APP/PS1 mice were administered TWBXP (0.43, 0.85, 1.70 g/kg) for 8 weeks, and cognitive performance was assessed using behavioral tests. AD-related pathology was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, ELISA, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Immunofluorescence (IF). The integration of Network Pharmacology and Proteomics was conducted for the exploration of potential mechanisms. TWBXP markedly improved cognitive performance and reduced cerebral Aβ burden. It promoted microglial polarization toward an M2 phenotype, dampened neuroinflammation, and enhanced microglia-associated Aβ clearance. TWBXP also exerted marked neuroprotective and synaptic protective effects by increasing NeuN, MAP2, and MBP levels, restoring synaptic proteins (PSD95, SYP) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF), reducing neuronal loss and functional impairment, and improving synaptic plasticity. Such effects might be associated with the enhanced activity of the cAMP/PKA/NR2B/CaMKⅡ signaling axis. TWBXP significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment and AD-related pathological changes in APP/PS1 mice, accompanied by improvements in neuronal injury and synaptic plasticity. Its therapeutic effects may be associated with the regulation of microglial function and the cAMP/PKA/NR2B/CaMKII signaling axis. Show less
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a liver-derived soluble marker of inflammation whose levels can predict the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and therapeutic efficacy of statins. Intriguingly Show more
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a liver-derived soluble marker of inflammation whose levels can predict the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and therapeutic efficacy of statins. Intriguingly, however, CRP is not considered as a mediator of atherosclerosis based primarily on studies examining chow diet (CD)-fed mice. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CRP in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis, which models a more prevalent scenario in the real world, and to clarify its impact on Atorvastatin treatment. Apoe-sufficient or -deficient mice with or without Crp knockout were fed with CD, HFD, or methionine- and choline-deficient diet, or subjected to carotid artery ligation or Atorvastatin treatment. Hepatic, vascular, and metabolic indexes were then analyzed. The effects of CRP on lipid droplet formation were examined by cellular assays. Knockout of Crp in Apoe-deficient mice does not affect the progression of atherosclerosis under CD feeding, but significantly reduces plaque burden under HFD feeding. The pro-atherosclerotic effects of Crp are not due to direct modulation of vascular inflammation, but appear to be the result of enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver and the ensuing aggravation of hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, Crp enhances hepatic lipid accumulation by upregulating Cidea to promote the formation of enlarged lipid droplets in hepatocytes. We further show that the therapeutic efficacy of Atorvastatin on HFD-induced atherosclerosis in Apoe-deficient mice is largely dependent on Crp. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized role of CRP in enhancing hepatic lipid accumulation under stresses induced by dietary or genetic factors, which underlies its secondary impact on atherosclerosis and determines the therapeutic efficacy of Atorvastatin. Show less