👤 B C Naha

To investigate the therapeutic potential of ANA-12 in restoring testicular health by modulating local neurochemical balance in adult rats of passive smoking, secondhand smoking or environmental tobacco smoke/nicotine exposure. Preclinical rodent models mimicking a real-life human smoking scenario. Post-acclimatization, adult male rats of 250-300 g body weight were randomized into passive smoking, oral nicotine, ANA-12 pre-treatment, and healthy unexposed controls. Rats were exposed to passive smoking through a whole-body inhalation chamber and oral nicotine through gavage with/without intraperitoneal administration of ANA-12 at differential dosages prior to passive smoking/nicotine exposure for a period of 4- and 12-week studies. Testes histopathology, DNA damage potency, and fertility indices alongside redox homeostasis and expressions of local neurotransmitter dopamine and its receptors D1 and D2, and neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tyrosine kinase beta (Trk-β) in testes, comet assay in whole blood, and serum cotinine levels. Compared with the healthy unexposed controls, passive smoking and oral nicotine exposure dose- and time-dependently disrupt developing spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids of the seminiferous tubules and basement membrane; reduce sperm count with concomitant higher deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage; and upregulate BDNF/Trk-β and dopamine/D1 expressions, as well as oxidative stress with subsequent antioxidant depletion in testes. In contrast, regardless of the duration of exposure, ANA-12 pre-treatment significantly restores germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium, improves spermatogenesis, downregulates aberrant local neurochemical systems, and maintains redox homeostasis in the testicular milieu. These results are in accordance with the whole blood DNA damage and serum cotinine levels, a biomarker of nicotine exposure. The results offer a novel insight into therapeutic interventions for passive or secondhand smoking- or environmental tobacco smoke-induced male reproductive impairment via regulation of BDNF-dopaminergic signaling and antioxidant balance in testes by ANA-12, leading to improved fertility potential and overall testicular health, which could establish the modulation of the brain-testes axis, implicated in nicotine addiction. This study holds translational potential of ANA-12 for the management of smoking- or nicotine-related male infertility of individuals unable or unwilling to quit smoking. Show less

This investigation was undertaken to assess the population of indigenous (Bareilly local) pigs for meat quality genes (RYR1, PRKAG3, HFABP, MYF-5, and MC4R). The results showed that indigenous pigs were monomorphic at RYR1locus (100% NN genotype), HFABP locus (100% HH genotype), and MYF-5 locus (100% DD genotype). Homozygote RR and heterozygote QR genotypes were observed at PRKAG3 (c.599 G>A) SNP locus with 89 and 11% frequency. The frequency of wild (R) and mutant (Q) allele at the said locus was 95 and 5%. The MC4R SNP had three genotypes; homozygote AA with 5% frequency, heterozygote AG with 53% frequency, and homozygote GG with 42% frequency. Corresponding frequency of A and G allele was 32 and 68%, respectively. Monomorphic status at RYR1locus for NN genotype, HFABP locus for HH genotype, and MYF-5 locus for DD genotype indicated that favorable genes for quality pork production have been fixed in the population. The higher frequency of RR genotype (89%) at PRKAG3 and GG genotype (42%) at MC4R locus further explained the existence of favorable genotypes in indigenous pigs. Show less

This study was designed to screen the crossbred pigs for SNPs in five candidate genes, associated with pork quality traits and to differentiate their genotypes by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that genotypes of crossbred pigs were NN (90%) and Nn (10%) for RYR1; RR (83%) and QR (17%) for PRKAG3; HH (98%), Hh (1%) and hh (1%) for HFABP; DD (99%) and CD (1%) for MYF-5; and AG (57%), GG (26%) and AA (17%) for MC4R SNPs, respectively. Allelic frequencies for five SNPs {RYR1 (1843C>T), PRKAG3 (c.599G>A), HFABP (c.1322C>T), MYF-5 (c.1205A>C) and MC4R (c.1426A>G)} were 0.95 and 0.05 (N/n), 0.08 and 0.92 (Q/R), 0.99 and 0.01 (H/h), 0.00 and 1.00 (C/D) and 0.45 and 0.55 (A/G), respectively. The effect of RYR1 (1843C>T) SNP was significant on pH Show less