Milk fat composition is an important trait for the dairy industry as it directly influences the nutritional and technological properties of milk and other dairy products. The synthesis of milk fat is Show more
Milk fat composition is an important trait for the dairy industry as it directly influences the nutritional and technological properties of milk and other dairy products. The synthesis of milk fat is a complex process regulated by a network of genes. Thus, understanding the genetic variation and molecular mechanisms regulating milk fat synthesis will help to improve the nutritional quality of dairy products. In this review, we provide an overview of milk fat synthesis in bovines along with the candidate genes involved in the pathway. We also discuss de novo synthesis of fatty acids (ACSS, ACACA, FASN), uptake of FAs (FATP, FAT, LPL), intracellular activation and channelling of FAs (ACSL, FABP), elongation (EVOLV6), desaturation (SCD, FADS), formation of triglycerides (GPAM, AGPAT, LIPIN, DGAT), and milk lipid secretion (BTN1A1, XDH, PLIN2). The genetic variability of individual fatty acids will help to develop selection strategies for obtaining a healthier milk fat profile in bovines. Thus, this review will offer a potential understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate milk fat synthesis in bovines. Show less
The goal of this study was to compare the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pig infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to that of healthy cells. Since PCV2 infection causes sever Show more
The goal of this study was to compare the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pig infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to that of healthy cells. Since PCV2 infection causes severe cardiovascular lesions, the myocardial tissue model was chosen for this study. In High-throughput transcriptome analysis, DESeq2 and CLC genomics workbench analyses revealed a total of 196 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, 194 transcripts were upregulated, while only two were downregulated (HSPA6 and DNAJA1), with fold changes ranging from 16.293 to -10.002. Among the KEGG canonical pathways targeted by the DEGs in the functional analysis, adrenergic signalling in cardiomyocytes, Cardiac Muscle Contraction, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) tends to be enriched. The differentially expressed highly connected (DEHC) biomarker genes in pathogenicity of PCV2 infection, such as LDB3, MYOZ2, CASQ2, TNNT2, MLC2V, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TCAP, TNNI3, TRDN, CSRP3, MYL3, RYR2, LMOD2, MYH7, etc., were identified using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The study might provide detailed information on the dysregulated genes and biological pathways in infected myocardial tissues that may be essential for PCV2-related heart pathology. Show less
Activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is high in mouse kidney, but the reason is poorly understood. The aim was to characterize localization, regulation, and function of LPL in kidney of C57BL/6J mice. Show more
Activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is high in mouse kidney, but the reason is poorly understood. The aim was to characterize localization, regulation, and function of LPL in kidney of C57BL/6J mice. We found LPL mainly in proximal tubules, localized inside the tubular epithelial cells, under all conditions studied. In fed mice, some LPL colocalized with the endothelial markers CD31 and GPIHBP1 and could be removed by perfusion with heparin, indicating a vascular location. The role of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) for nutritional modulation of LPL activity was studied in wild-type and Angptl4 Show less