The dysregulation of T cell differentiation was associated with cognitive impairment. Recently, the peripheric Ξ²-secretase (BACE1) has been suggested as a regulator of T cell differentiation, which wa Show more
The dysregulation of T cell differentiation was associated with cognitive impairment. Recently, the peripheric Ξ²-secretase (BACE1) has been suggested as a regulator of T cell differentiation, which was increased in both cognitive impairment (CI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in CI patients. However, the relationship between T cell dysfunction and CI remains unclear. To address this question, we measured T cell subtypes and BACE1 enzyme activity in a clinical cohort and 5xFAD mice. We found that both IFNΞ³+ Th1 and Tc1 cells were increased in the CI and T2DM-CI groups, which were associated with worsening cognitive function. The elevated IFNΞ³ + Th1 and Tc1 cells were also observed in 8-month-old 5xFAD mice. The elevated BACE1-mediated INSR cleavage was associated with increased IFNΞ³ + Th1 and Tc1 cells. These findings demonstrate the potential role of elevated BACE1 in IFNΞ³+ T cells and CI. Show less
Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health in the world. According to the latest global cancer statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were appr Show more
Cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health in the world. According to the latest global cancer statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were approximately 20 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths worldwide. Amidst this global health concern, branched chain amino acids have emerged as key players, playing an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. In certain malignancies like colorectal cancer, the average level of BCAA in tumor tissues is twice that in normal tissues. BCAA metabolism is intricately associated with the progression of multiple tumors and is modulated by diverse enzymes, including BCAT, BCKDH, and BCKDK. The metabolism of BCAA involves multiple enzymes and biochemical processes via signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR, etc. In addition, mTOR inhibitors show potential value in cancer treatment by regulating the metabolism and signaling pathways of tumor cells, which provides a new direction for anticancer efforts. Simultaneously, BCAAs are closely associated with tumor immunity, including NK cells, CD4 Show less
The efficacy and mechanism of Fufang Danshen dripping pills (FFDS) in the secondary prevention of stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) is currently undetermined. This study aims to investigate the eff Show more
The efficacy and mechanism of Fufang Danshen dripping pills (FFDS) in the secondary prevention of stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) is currently undetermined. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and preliminary mechanism by which FFDS may impact the progression of SCHD. Based on randomization, we administered oral FFDS to 30 patients with SCHD in addition to conventional treatment for 30 days. After treatment, three-months major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed as the primary outcome. Additionally, we evaluated the patients' Seattle Angina Questionnaire score, blood pressure, circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose as the secondary outcomes. Furthermore, we utilized mass spectrometry analysis, network pharmacology, and lipidomics to predict the potential mechanisms of FFDS in the treatment of SCHD. Following treatment, FFDS demonstrated significant improvements in serum triglyceride levels ( In individuals with SCHD, the administration of FFDS has been shown to effectively reduce circulating triglyceride levels and decrease the frequency of angina episodes. This therapeutic effect is likely due to the active components of FFDS targeting key proteins: LPL, CD36, FABPpm, L-FABP, LCAT, and CEPT. https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier (ChiCTR2400080149). Show less
Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is fundamental to both adipose tissue homeostasis and clinical applications, particularly fat grafting. However, the global and stage-s Show more
Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is fundamental to both adipose tissue homeostasis and clinical applications, particularly fat grafting. However, the global and stage-specific transcriptional regulatory networks underlying ADSC adipogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-seq datasets across multiple time points of ADSC adipogenesis to identify core regulators of differentiation and maturation. A total of 41 genes were consistently upregulated during early differentiation, among which eight hub genes (FABP4, FASN, FABP5, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, LPL, CIDEC, and ACSL1) formed a tightly connected protein-protein interaction (PPI) module associated with lipid metabolism, lipid droplet formation, and adipocyte maturation. Further integration of differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs led to the construction of a ceRNA network involving 7 mRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 4 lncRNAs, comprising 34 predicted lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes. To identify temporal transcriptional regulators, we defined five genes (TTC14, MBNL2, UBR3, ABCD2, and SORT1) as early-stage inducers of adipogenesis, and four genes (UQCR11, NDUFB4, S100A10, and PRDX3) as late-stage regulators involved in maintaining the mature phenotype. These stage-specific regulators showed distinct temporal expression patterns and were validated by qPCR. GeneMANIA network analysis further revealed that early-stage regulators were enriched in lipid transport and lipase activity regulation, while late-stage regulators were associated with mitochondrial electron transport and energy metabolism. These findings highlight the stage-dependent transcriptional landscape of ADSC adipogenesis and provide candidate regulatory targets for modulating adipocyte differentiation and stability. Show less
Many patients are suffering from atherosclerosis without typical risk factors, which can cause severe cardiovascular complications. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), derived from gut microbes, is a key u Show more
Many patients are suffering from atherosclerosis without typical risk factors, which can cause severe cardiovascular complications. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), derived from gut microbes, is a key unconventional contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. Here we present a strategy performed by orally administered nano-functionalized probiotics (PDMF@LGG) to inhibit TMAO through the gut microbiota-trimethylamine (TMA)-TMAO axis. PDMF@LGG, composed of polydopamine-coated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and nanoparticles based on a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymeric prodrug of fluoromethylcholine (FMC), can promote the retention of probiotics and nanoparticles in the intestine to persistently scavenge elevated ROS and release drugs. This process suppresses TMA production and absorption, lowering plasma TMAO levels. The therapeutic effects on male ApoE Show less
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health, but its impact on lipid metabolism remains unclear. Understanding the causal relationship between gut bacteria and lipid profiles is essential Show more
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health, but its impact on lipid metabolism remains unclear. Understanding the causal relationship between gut bacteria and lipid profiles is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess this relationship using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Data for both exposure and outcomes were obtained from the IEU-GWAS database, with lipid profile data sourced from a publication. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were independent of outcome factors but correlated with exposure variables, were identified as instrumental variables. Several MR methods, including weighted analysis, maximum likelihood, inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, were applied. Colocalization analysis further validated the findings. The analysis revealed microbial groups with causal relationships to ApoA1, ApoB, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Reverse MR and colocalization analysis provided additional confirmation of these results. This study offers new evidence of the causal link between gut microbiota and lipid profiles, providing insights for improving lipid profiles and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Show less
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is widely acknowledged as a principal cause of vision loss in the elderly. Currently, the therapeutic interventions available in clinical practice fail to achiev Show more
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is widely acknowledged as a principal cause of vision loss in the elderly. Currently, the therapeutic interventions available in clinical practice fail to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Therefore, it is imperative that we approach the progress of AMD from novel perspectives in order to explore new therapeutic strategies. We obtained transcriptomic data from the macular and the peripheral retina from patients with AMD and a control group from theΒ Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we identified differentially expressed genesΒ (DEGs) that were significantly enriched in functions associated with ferroptosis. Subsequent application of machine learning techniques enabled the identification of key hub genes, whose diagnostic potential was further validated. Additionally, the expression of these hub genes was corroborated in both animal and cellular models. Finally, we performed a functional enrichment analysis of these hub genes. In the macula of patients with AMD, 452 DEGs were identified, while in the peripheral retina, 222 DEGs were discovered. Within the macula, 19 genes were associated with ferroptosis, compared to 3 in the peripheral retina. Consequently, the macular was selected as the primary focus of the study. Subsequent screening of these 19 genes using LASSO regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest algorithms identified four hub genes: FADS1, TFAP2A, AKR1C3, and TTPA. Consequently, we utilized cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to either stimulate retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro or administer it via intravitreal injection, thereby establishing in vitro and in vivo models of AMD. Results from RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed an upregulation of FADS1, AKR1C3, and TTPA, while TFAP2A exhibited decreased expression. Finally, we investigated the infiltration of immune cells within the macular and performed a functional enrichment analysis of the hub genes. We identified four key ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs)-FADS1, AKR1C3, TFAP2A, and TTPA-that possess diagnostic relevance for AMD and correlate with immune cell infiltration. Moreover, significant changes in both mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes have been observed in in vitro experiments and mice models. Show less
This study aimed to identify heterogeneous patterns of medical coping modes (MCM) and to examine the moderating role of social support in the relationship between these patterns and social disability Show more
This study aimed to identify heterogeneous patterns of medical coping modes (MCM) and to examine the moderating role of social support in the relationship between these patterns and social disability in young and middle-aged patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 post-PCI patients from a single center in China. Participants completed the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct coping patterns. The moderation effect of social support was tested using the Johnson-Neyman technique. Two distinct coping profiles were identified via LPA: "Adaptive Copers" (55.1%), characterized by higher confrontation and lower avoidance/resignation, and "Maladaptive Copers" (44.9%), showing the opposite pattern. A counterintuitive finding emerged, with the Maladaptive Copers reporting significantly lower social disability scores. Furthermore, beyond this profile differentiation, social support demonstrated a significant U-shaped moderating effect in the coping-disability relationship. Its moderating role was statistically significant only at very low (<39.884) and very high (>52.924) levels of support. This study reveals two key findings: first, post-PCI patients are heterogeneous in coping, comprising adaptive and maladaptive subgroups; second, the impact of these coping styles on social disability is non-linearly moderated by social support. Clinicians should assess both coping profiles and social support levels to tailor interventions effectively. Show less
Growth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a geno Show more
Growth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body weight, eye muscle area, and back fat thickness across five developmental stages in a population of 202 Huaxi cattle. Additionally, publicly available RNA-seq data from the longissimus dorsi muscle of both young and adult cattle were analyzed to identify key genes and genetic markers associated with growth in Huaxi cattle. In total, 7.19 million high-quality variant loci (SNPs and INDELs) were identified across all samples. In the GWAS, the three multilocus models (FarmCPU, MLMM, and BLINK) outperformed the conventional single-locus models (CMLM, GLM, and MLM). Consequently, GWAS analysis was conducted using multilocus models, which identified 99 variant loci significantly associated with growth traits and annotated a total of 83 candidate genes (CDGs). Additionally, 23 of the 83 CDGs overlapped with significantly differentially expressed genes identified from public RNA-seq datasets of longissimus dorsi muscle between young and adult cattle. Furthermore, gene functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analyses revealed that over 30% of the pathways and GO terms were associated with muscle development and fat deposition, crucial factors for beef production. Specifically, key genes identified included Show less
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a vascular disorder characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation, with pathogenesis closely linked to genetic factors and immune regulatory mechanisms. This stu Show more
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a vascular disorder characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation, with pathogenesis closely linked to genetic factors and immune regulatory mechanisms. This study comprehensively identified ASassociated genes by integrating data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses, complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, followed by experimental validation of their functional roles. Results indicated significant upregulation of CLEC5A and ISG20 in patients with AS, with MR analysis revealing positive causal relationships between both genes and AS risk (CLEC5A: OR = 1.001, P = 0.047; ISG20: OR = 1.001, P = 0.030), while HOXA2 showed a negative causal association. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted CLEC5A and ISG20's involvement in immune responses, inflammatory pathways, and lipid metabolism regulation. Experimental validation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated macrophages and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE This study represents the first to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which ISG20 promotes AS progression through macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses, positioning it as a potential novel therapeutic target for AS. Show less
Rubia cordifolia L. (RCL) is a widely used medicinal with a long history. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and prevents apoptosis. While there is growing evidence that exhauste Show more
Rubia cordifolia L. (RCL) is a widely used medicinal with a long history. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and prevents apoptosis. While there is growing evidence that exhausted exercise (EE) might cause cardiac damage, RCL has been shown to provide cardioprotective effects. The effects and mechanisms of RCL on exercise-induced myocardial injury remain unclear. In this study, we tested the RCL extract using a rat model of exhausted swimming. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of RCL on exercise-induced myocardial damage using PCR, ELISA, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, DHE staining, and other methods. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to identify the components of the RCL extract and its blood-entry components, and network pharmacology was constructed. LC-MS was utilized to investigate left ventricular metabolomics. These two approaches were combined to predict the possible metabolic pathways regulated by RCL. Finally, the targets of the metabolic pathway were verified using molecular docking and western blot analysis. The findings suggest that rubioncolin B, 4-hydroxy-2-carbexyanthraquinone, and 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-4-carboxylic acid may be the primary active compounds of RCL. RCL promotes the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, regulates the proteins BCAT2 and BCKDK, reduces pathological injuries, inflammation, oxidative stress, and collagen deposition, and mitigates the effects of exhaustion-induced myocardial injuries by influencing the key target AKR1C1 and the metabolite L-Valine. This study provides a foundation for the development of RCL as a sports supplement to alleviate EE-induced myocardial injury. Show less
Fatty acids serve as a crucial energy source for tumor cells during the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The present study aims to elucidate the characteristics of fatty acid metabol Show more
Fatty acids serve as a crucial energy source for tumor cells during the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The present study aims to elucidate the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in CLL, construct a related prognostic score, and investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of FAM in CLL development. Bulk RNA sequencing data from CLL patients and healthy controls were analyzed to identify differentially expressed fatty acid metabolic genes. FAM-score was constructed using Cox-LASSO regression and validated. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze the expression of key FAM genes in CLL immune cell subsets and investigate cellular communication. Functional assays, including cell viability, drug sensitivity, and oxygen consumption assays, were performed to assess the impact of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibition on CLL cells. Three FAM-related genes (LPL, SOCS3, CNR1) were identified with independent prognostic significance to construct the risk score. The FAM-score demonstrated superior prognostic performance compared to the Binet stage and was associated with established clinical prognostic markers. Single-cell analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of LPL, SOCS3, and CNR1 across CLL immune cell subsets. Cellular communication analysis highlighted the regulatory role of distinct B cell and Treg subsets in the CLL microenvironment. CLL patients with high FAM-score displayed distinct immune infiltration patterns, with increased FAO pathway activity. Inhibition of FAO reduced CLL cell viability, synergistically enhanced the efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor idelalisib. The present study constructed a prognostic risk score based on FAM gene expression, revealing related immune phenotypic differences and exploring the regulatory role of FAO in CLL development. Targeting fatty acid metabolism potentially modulates the CLL immune microenvironment and synergistically enhances the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors. Show less
The prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastasis remains poor, and the molecular mechanisms driving CRC liver metastasis are not fully understood. Tumor-derived hypoxia-induced Show more
The prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastasis remains poor, and the molecular mechanisms driving CRC liver metastasis are not fully understood. Tumor-derived hypoxia-induced extracellular vesicles have emerged as key players in inducing angiogenesis by transferring noncoding RNAs. However, the specific role of CRC-derived hypoxic extracellular vesicles (H-EVs) in regulating premetastatic microenvironment (PMN) formation by inducing angiogenesis remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that H-EVs induce angiogenesis and liver metastasis. Through microRNA microarray analysis, we identified a reduction in miR-6084 levels within H-EVs. We found that miR-6084 inhibited angiogenesis by being transferred to endothelial cells via EVs. In endothelial cells, miR-6084 directly targeted angiopoietin like 4 (ANGPTL4) mRNA, thereby suppressing angiogenesis through the ANGPTL4-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, we uncovered that specificity protein 1 (SP1) acted as a transcription factor regulating miR-6084 transcription, while hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) decreased miR-6084 expression by promoting SP1 protein dephosphorylation and facilitating ubiquitin-proteasome degradation in SW620 cells. In clinical samples, we observed low expression of miR-6084 in plasma-derived EVs from CRC patients with liver metastasis. In summary, our findings suggest that CRC-derived H-EVs promote angiogenesis and liver metastasis through the HIF1A/SP1/miR-6084/ANGPTL4 axis. Additionally, miR-6084 holds promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC liver metastasis. Show less
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted glycoprotein that was discovered in 2000 by three independent laboratories. In the ensuing two and a half decades, extensive work has been conducted to dete Show more
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted glycoprotein that was discovered in 2000 by three independent laboratories. In the ensuing two and a half decades, extensive work has been conducted to determine its physiological and pathological functions. ANGPTL4 has been shown to be involved in many biological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and wound healing, with implications in diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular (e.g., atherosclerosis) and renal diseases, and cancer. For instance, ANGPTL4 is upregulated in several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Interestingly, ANGPTL4 has been shown to exhibit both pro-tumor-promoting tumor growth, cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis-as well as anti-tumor activities, underscoring its complex roles in cancer biology. This review examines the comprehensive biological functions of ANGPTL4 and its contributions to disease mechanisms with a specific emphasis on cancer, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target across different types of human cancers. Show less
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) ameliorate motor deficits in cerebral palsy (CP), but the effect of injection frequency remains unclear. Moreover, most studies have focu Show more
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) ameliorate motor deficits in cerebral palsy (CP), but the effect of injection frequency remains unclear. Moreover, most studies have focused on mild CP models (unilateral carotid artery occlusion [UCAO] model). This study explored the effect and mechanism of hUC-MSCs in a rat model of moderate-to-severe CP (bilateral carotid artery occlusion [BCAO] model). On postnatal Day 4 (P4), Wistar rat pups underwent BCAO induction. Subsequently, they received either a single intrathecal injection of hUC-MSCs on P21 or repeated injections on P21, P28, P35, and P42. Motor performance was assessed using the rotarod and front-limb suspension tests, while neuronal regeneration and inflammation were evaluated via biomarkers including neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). P18 model screening confirmed that the BCAO model resulted in more severe brain damage and motor impairment than the UCAO model. After injection of lentivirally transfected hUC-MSCs, it was found that hUC-MSCs could nest in the damaged area and survive for at least 3 days. Administration of hUC-MSCs following BCAO modeling led to notable improvements in both behavioral performance and histological outcomes. Furthermore, repeated injections offered greater therapeutic benefits compared to single injection. It indicated that the efficacy of repeated injections of hUC-MSCs in the treatment of moderate-to-severe CP was superior to that of single injection. Its mechanism was related to the improvement of damaged myelin structure, reduced immunoinflammatory responses, and increased neurotrophic support. Show less
Lipid metabolism may be linked to chronic gastritis, but its causal role remains unclear. While current research emphasizes inflammation, mucosal changes, immune regulation, genetics, and the gut micr Show more
Lipid metabolism may be linked to chronic gastritis, but its causal role remains unclear. While current research emphasizes inflammation, mucosal changes, immune regulation, genetics, and the gut microbiota, the contribution of lipid metabolism is understudied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of serum lipids and the mechanistic roles of lipid-lowering drug targets in chronic gastritis. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from real world. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between serum lipid profiles and gastritis. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were performed to detect the causal relationship of serum lipids, plasma lipid species, and lipid-lowering drug targets. Experimental validation was conducted using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and chemically induced CAG rat models. Four thousand sixty one person, including 1,023 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 1,742 with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), and 1,296 as healthy population were included in the analysis. Through covariates adjustment, TC, ApoA1, and HDL-C showed to be associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis, whereas TG exhibited a protective effect. MR analysis confirmed a significant inverse causal relationship between TG and gastritis (ORβ=β0.889, 95% CI: 0.825-0.958). Ten plasma lipid species and lipid-lowering gene targets, including LPL and APOC3, were identified as causally associated with disease risk. Mediation analysis revealed six plasma lipid species as potential intermediaries linking genetic variation to gastritis. In vivo experiments demonstrated progressive hepatic steatosis and mild gastric mucosal changes in HFD-fed mice. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed a significant reduction in LPL and APOC3 expression in gastric tissue (Pβ<β0.05). In the CAG rat model, histological analysis revealed hepatocyte disarray, edema, and gastric mucosal atrophy. Elevated levels of TNF-Ξ±, IL-6, IL-1Ξ² and decreased levels of GAS-17 and PG I/II were also observed (Pβ<β0.05). Western blot analyses further confirmed the downregulation of LPL and APOC3 expression in gastric tissue (Pβ<β0.05). This study provides genetic and experimental evidence, supporting a causal role of lipid metabolism in chronic gastritis. LPL and APOC3 are implicated in its pathogenesis, highlighting potential lipid-targeted strategies for prevention and treatment. Show less
Cholecystectomy alters lipid profiles and is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), yet the results are ambiguous. To assess the causal effects of cholec Show more
Cholecystectomy alters lipid profiles and is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), yet the results are ambiguous. To assess the causal effects of cholecystectomy on blood lipid levels and risks of MACCE, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) aiming to reduce confounding. We used genetic data on gallbladder removal, lipid levels, and MACCE from public databases. MR analysis estimated causal effects using genetic variants as instruments. Enrichment analysis identified relevant metabolic pathways, while multivariable MR evaluated specific lipid subtypes. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci MR pinpointed key genes, with cellular distribution insights from single-cell sequencing. Cholecystectomy was associated with delayed onset of angina, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was a key mediator, and the LPL gene influenced lipid-related cardiovascular risk. Cholecystectomy may reduce cardiovascular risks by lowering the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, which highlights the role of lipid regulation in mitigating cardiovascular risk post-cholecystectomy. Show less
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in plants and soil poses significant risks to livestock, particularly sheep. Cd exposure often leads to severe gastrointestinal diseases in sheep that are difficult to treat Show more
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in plants and soil poses significant risks to livestock, particularly sheep. Cd exposure often leads to severe gastrointestinal diseases in sheep that are difficult to treat. Milk-derived exosomes, particularly those from sheep milk (SM-Exo), have shown potential in treating gastrointestinal disorders, though their efficacy in Cd-induced colitis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of SM-Exo in a Cd-induced colitis model. Hu sheep were exposed to Cd, and their fecal microbiota were collected to prepare bacterial solutions for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice. The changes in gut microbiota and gene expression were analyzed through microbiome and transcriptomics. Our results showed that prior to treatment, harmful bacteria (e.g., Show less
The causal relationships between the gut microbiota and prostate cancer, prostatitis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia remain uncertain. We intend to identify the causal connections between the gut mi Show more
The causal relationships between the gut microbiota and prostate cancer, prostatitis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia remain uncertain. We intend to identify the causal connections between the gut microbiota and prostatic diseases and investigate the potential mechanisms involved. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to elucidate the impact of 196 gut microbiota on prostatic diseases risk. Reverse MR, linkage disequilibrium regression score (LDSC), and colocalization analyses were performed to strengthen causal evidence. Phenome-wide MR (Phe-MR) analysis was used to evaluate the potential side effects of targeting the detected gut microbiota. We designed a two-step MR study to assess the mediating effects of sex hormones, blood metabolites, and proteins. According to the MR analyses, 31 bacterial taxa were causally associated with prostatic diseases, of which 23 types were newly identified. In addition, Our study represents the first comprehensive exploration of the causal effects of the gut microbiota on prostatic diseases and reveals the mediating effects of sex hormones and blood metabolites on the "gut-prostate axis." Show less
Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 3 (SIPA1L3) is a member of the protein family. Very limited data are currently available regarding the role of SIPA1L3 in human carcinoma. Therefore, in Show more
Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 3 (SIPA1L3) is a member of the protein family. Very limited data are currently available regarding the role of SIPA1L3 in human carcinoma. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression pattern and function of SIPA1L3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the distribution of SIPA1L3 in NSCLC specimens by immunohistochemistry, the relationship between SIPA1L3 expression and patient clinicopathological features, and investigated the effect of SIPA1L3 on cell growth and invasion in vivo and in vitro using small interfering RNA. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to demonstrate the interaction between SIPA1L3 and tight junction-associated angiomotin (AMOT) and Pals1-associtated tight junction protein. We found that SIPA1L3 was overexpressed in NSCLC clinical tissue samples and was associated with several clinicopathological factors. SIPA1L3 affects the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Using a SIPA1L3 mutant, we found that SIPA1L3 interacts with AMOT through its PDZ domain, which inhibits the binding of AMOT to Pals1-associtated tight junction protein and further decreases AMOT anchoring to tight junctions. Our findings suggested that SIPA1L3 promotes tumorigenesis in lung cancer cells through its PDZ domain-mediated interaction with AMOT, suggesting that SIPA1L3 is a novel candidate gene that contributes to the malignant phenotype of lung cancer. Show less
At present, studies on tadpole nutrition and metabolism are scarce. This study aimed at comparing the influence of two protein sources, fishmeal (FM) and dried whole egg powder (DWEP), on tadpoles fro Show more
At present, studies on tadpole nutrition and metabolism are scarce. This study aimed at comparing the influence of two protein sources, fishmeal (FM) and dried whole egg powder (DWEP), on tadpoles from the perspective of growth, the metamorphosis rate, lipid metabolism, antioxidant properties and the intestinal flora. In this experiment, the control diet was set to contain no FM or DWEP. Based on the control diet, 5% and 10% FM or DWEP were included, respectively. The results of the experiment indicated that FM or DWEP inclusion significantly enhanced the growth performance and metamorphosis rate ( Show less
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used for glycemic control in diabetes and show potential Show more
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used for glycemic control in diabetes and show potential neuroprotective properties, but their effects on AD and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that GLP-1RAs can alleviate AD-related phenotypes by activating 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. We found that plasma GLP-1 levels were decreased in AD model mice and negatively correlated with amyloid-beta (AΞ²) load in patients with AD. Enhancing GLP-1 signaling through GLP-1RAs increased CaMKK2-AMPK signaling, which subsequently reduced BACE1-mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and AΞ² generation. GLP-1RAs also increased AMPK activity in microglia, inhibiting neuroinflammation and promoting AΞ² phagocytosis. Consequently, GLP-1RAs inhibited plaque formation and improved memory deficits in AD model mice. Our findings indicate that AMPK activation mediates the effects of GLP-1RAs on AD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs for the treatment of AD. Show less
Genomic structural variants (SVs) are a major source of genetic diversity in humans. Here, through long-read sequencing of 945 Han Chinese genomes, we identify 111,288 SVs, including 24.56% unreported Show more
Genomic structural variants (SVs) are a major source of genetic diversity in humans. Here, through long-read sequencing of 945 Han Chinese genomes, we identify 111,288 SVs, including 24.56% unreported variants, many with predicted functional importance. By integrating human population-level phenotypic and multi-omics data as well as two humanized mouse models, we demonstrate the causal roles of two SVs: one SV that emerges at the common ancestor of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans in GSDMD for bone mineral density and one modern-human-specific SV in WWP2 impacting height, weight, fat, craniofacial phenotypes and immunity. Our results suggest that the GSDMD SV could serve as a rapid and cost-effective biomarker for assessing the risk of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The functional conservation from human to mouse and widespread signals of positive natural selection suggest that both SVs likely influence local adaptation, phenotypic diversity, and disease susceptibility across diverse human populations. Show less
Atherosclerosis serves as the core pathological basis of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial diseases, posing a serious threat to human health. However, current mainstream treatme Show more
Atherosclerosis serves as the core pathological basis of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial diseases, posing a serious threat to human health. However, current mainstream treatments such as statin drugs and stent implantation are associated with significant side effects or limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs), due to their noninvasive nature and anti-inflammatory properties, show potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis. This study utilized ApoE-/- mice, ApoE-/-NLRP3-/- knockout mice, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and human plasma samples for experiments, revealing significant endothelial cell (EC) inflammation and pyroptosis during the progression of atherosclerosis. PEMFs were found to effectively inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduce plaque formation, and delay the progression of atherosclerosis. Proteomic analysis of plasma from atherosclerosis patients further indicated elevated expression levels of proteins related to inflammation and pyroptosis, with particularly notable changes in membrane proteins. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PEMFs improve mitochondrial dysfunction in ECs by regulating membrane tension and the mechanosensitive tension-mediated transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels, thereby reducing pyroptosis. This discovery not only reveals a novel mechanobiological pathway but also provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of PEMF-based therapies for atherosclerosis. Schematic diagram of the mechanism by which PEMFs treat atherosclerosis (created in BioRender). Wei, B. (2025) https://BioRender.com/undefined ). Show less
To investigate the regulatory role of MACF1 and its upstream transcriptional control in focal adhesion remodeling and tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We employed in vitro loss- and ga Show more
To investigate the regulatory role of MACF1 and its upstream transcriptional control in focal adhesion remodeling and tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We employed in vitro loss- and gain-of-function assays using shRNA-mediated knockdown and ectopic overexpression of MACF1 and NR2F1 in LUAD cell lines (H1299 and Calu-3). Cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration were assessed by CCK-8, EdU, crystal violet, and Transwell assays. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated using subcutaneous and tail vein xenograft models in nude mice. RNA-seq and GSEA were performed to identify MACF1-regulated pathways, followed by nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and immunofluorescence to assess WNT/Ξ²-catenin activity. ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq data from ENCODE were used to validate NR2F1 binding to the MACF1 promoter. MACF1 knockdown significantly suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, DNA replication, adhesion, and migration, and reduced tumor burden and lung metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, MACF1 activated WNT/Ξ²-catenin signaling by promoting CTNNB1 nuclear translocation, which upregulated focal adhesion genes (Paxillin, FAK, ITGB1). CTNNB1 agonist TWS119 restored focal adhesion in MACF1-deficient cells. Bioinformatic prediction and ChIP validation identified NR2F1 as a transcription factor directly targeting the MACF1 promoter. NR2F1 deficiency reduced MACF1 expression and phenocopied its functional loss, while MACF1 overexpression rescued the impaired phenotype. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized NR2F1-MACF1-WNT axis that drives focal adhesion formation and LUAD progression. Targeting this regulatory circuit may offer new avenues for anti-metastatic therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. 1. NR2F1 is identified as a direct upstream transcription factor that activates MACF1 expression in LUAD. 2. MACF1 promotes LUAD cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration by enhancing focal adhesion assembly. 3. MACF1 activates the WNT/CTNNB1 signaling cascade, facilitating CTNNB1 nuclear translocation and downstream target expression. 4. Loss of MACF1 impairs focal adhesion formation and metastatic potential both in vitro and in xenograft and tail vein models. 5. The NR2F1-MACF1-WNT axis represents a novel regulatory circuit driving LUAD metastasis and offers potential therapeutic targets. Show less