👤 Hollie Raynor

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a unique opportunity to assess Q6 glucose patterns across the 24-hour day, including nighttime. In individuals with pregnancy hyperglycemia, evidence suggests that optimizing nocturnal glucose levels reduces the risk of large-for-gestational-age births and future metabolic dysfunction. However, the behavioral correlates of nocturnal glucose levels remain poorly understood. Continuous movement devices assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) across 24-hour days, and to the best of our knowledge, have not been paired with CGM data in individuals with pregnancy hyperglycemia. This secondary analysis of a feasibility trial explored the association of day-time PA and SED with nighttime (i.e., 12-6 AM) interstitial glucose levels in individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or gestational glucose intolerance (GGI). Participants (N = 13; ~31 weeks gestation) wore a Dexcom G6 CGM and ActiGraph Insight Watch for 7 days. Mixed effects models examined associations between daytime moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior (SED) with nocturnal glucose metrics, including mean glucose, time in range (TIR; 60-99 mg/dL), and area under the curve (AUC). Adjusted models revealed that each 10-minute increase in MVPA was associated with 0.86 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.002, 1.73] higher mean glucose and 313 mg/ dL*min (CI 0.98, 624.55) higher AUC. No associations were observed for total activity, LPA, or SED. These findings illustrate the feasibility and potential of combining CGM with activity monitor data, and the need to further integrate dietary intake data. Improvements in glucose and activity monitoring technology hold great promise for improving scientific and clinical understanding and supporting the development of personalized, data-driven glucose management tools during pregnancy. Show less

Pancreatic cancer is a particularly lethal malignancy that resists immunotherapy. In this study, using a preclinical pancreatic cancer murine model, we demonstrate a progressive decrease in IFN-γ and granzyme B and a concomitant increase in Tox and IL-10 in intratumoral tumor-specific T cells. Intratumoral myeloid cells produced elevated IL-27, a cytokine that correlates with poor patient outcome. Abrogating IL-27 signaling significantly decreased intratumoral Tox Show less

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified consistent associations with obesity. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. The objective was to determine the association between obesity susceptibility loci and dietary intake. The association of GWAS-identified obesity risk alleles (FTO, MC4R, SH2B1, BDNF, INSIG2, TNNI3K, NISCH-STAB1, MTIF3, MAP2K5, QPCTL/GIPR, and PPARG) with dietary intake, measured through food-frequency questionnaires, was investigated in 2075 participants from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial. We adjusted for age, sex, population stratification, and study site. Obesity risk alleles at FTO rs1421085 significantly predicted more eating episodes per day (P = 0.001)-an effect that persisted after adjustment for body weight (P = 0.004). Risk variants within BDNF were significantly associated with more servings from the dairy product and the meat, eggs, nuts, and beans food groups (P ≤ 0.004). The risk allele at SH2B1 rs4788099 was significantly associated with more servings of dairy products (P = 0.001), whereas the risk allele at TNNI3K rs1514176 was significantly associated with a lower percentage of energy from protein (P = 0.002). These findings suggest that obesity risk loci may affect the pattern and content of food consumption among overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Look AHEAD Genetic Ancillary Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01270763 and the Look AHEAD study as NCT00017953. Show less