👤 Yolanda Jimenez-Gomez

To determine whether the insulin resistance that exists in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients is modulated by dietary fat composition. Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned to one of four diets for 12 wk: high-saturated fatty acids (HSFAs), high-MUFA (HMUFA), and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 (LFHCC n-3) PUFA or placebo. At the end of intervention, the LFHCC n-3 diet reduced plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and nonsterified fatty acid concentration (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline Spanish habitual (BSH) diet. Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) analysis revealed decreased EH-domain containing-2 mRNA levels and increased cbl-associated protein gene expression with the LFHCC n-3 compared to HSFA and HMUFA diets, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LFHCC n-3 decreased gene expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with respect to HMUFA and BSH diets (p < 0.05). Finally, proteomic characterization of subcutaneous WAT identified three proteins of glucose metabolism downregulated by the LFHCC n-3 diet, including annexin A2. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the decrease of annexin A2 (p = 0.027) after this diet. Our data suggest that the LFHCC n-3 diet reduces systemic insulin resistance and improves insulin signaling in subcutaneous WAT of MetS patients compared to HSFA and BSH diets consumption. Show less

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) plays an important role in plasma triacylglycerol (TG) homeostasis. Five polymorphisms (1131T>C, c.-3A>G, c.56C>G, IVS3+476G>A, and c.1259T>C) in the APOA5 gene define three common haplotypes (APOA5*1, APOA5*2, and APOA5*3) in Caucasian individuals. Our aim was to determine whether these haplotypes could modulate the postprandial response in young healthy males. Eighty-eight APO E3/3 volunteers [67 with (-1131T and 56C) APOA5*1 haplotype, 12 with (-1131C and 56C) APOA5*2 haplotype, and nine with (-1131T and 56G) APOA5*3 haplotype] underwent a fat load test consisting of the consumption of 1 g of fat per kilogram body weight and 60,000 IU vitamin A. Blood samples were taken at time 0, at every hour until the sixth hour, and at every 2.5 h until the 11th hour. Total plasma cholesterol (C) and TG, and C, TG, apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein B-48, and retinyl palmitate in lipoprotein fractions were determined. Subjects with the APOA5*2 and APOA5*3 haplotypes had a higher area under the curve of total plasma TG (P = 0.03), large TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-TG (P = 0.02), small TRL-TG (P = 0.04), small TRL-C (P = 0.04), large TRL-C (P = 0.03), and small apolipoprotein B100 (P = 0.04) than subjects with the APOA5*1 haplotype. Our findings show that the presence of the APOA5*2 and APOA5*3 haplotypes in the APOA5 gene is associated with a higher postprandial response that could be involved in the higher risk of coronary heart disease associated with the 56G and -1131C alleles. Show less

The Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) gene promoter polymorphism -1131T>C modulates triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. We evaluate whether this polymorphism could be involved in the interindividual variability observed during postprandial lipemia. Fifty-one healthy apo E3E3 male volunteers [12 with -1131CC/CT genotype, and 39 with -1131TT genotype] underwent a Vitamin A fat-load test consisting of 1g of fat/kg body weight and 60,000IU of Vitamin A. Blood samples were taken at time 0 and every hour until the 6th and every 2h and 30 min until the 11th. Cholesterol (Chol) and TG were determined in plasma and Chol, TG, ApoB-100, ApoB-48, and retinyl palmitate (RP) were determined in lipoprotein fractions. Data of postprandial lipemia revealed that subjects with the -1131CT/CC genotype had a higher postprandial response of total plasma TG (p=0.043), large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins-TG (TRL-TG) (p=0.002), large TRL-Chol (p=0.004), small TRL-Chol (p=0.004) and small TRL-RP (p=0.001) than subjects with the -1131TT genotype. The modifications observed in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with the apoA-V -1131T>C polymorphism could be involved in the increased fasting plasma TG concentrations previously described in carriers of the C allele. Show less