The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a central cascade of signal transduction for the myriad of cytokines in which dysregulation has been implicated in progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases Show more
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a central cascade of signal transduction for the myriad of cytokines in which dysregulation has been implicated in progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the involvement of this pathway in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to This study sought to investigate differential gene expression of several cytokines and their associated Results showed that the gene expression levelsof both Th1 ( Our finding revealed dysregulation of cytokines and related Show less
Pemphigus is a rare and life-threatening group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects the skin and mucous membranes. There are two major subtypes of pemphigus, including pemphigus vulgaris (PV Show more
Pemphigus is a rare and life-threatening group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects the skin and mucous membranes. There are two major subtypes of pemphigus, including pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF); each has different clinical manifestations. Pemphigus cannot be considered as a single disease and each patient may have a specific immunological profile. There are a lot of studies available regarding the role of different cytokines in the pathogenesis of pemphigus, although the data are not coherent between different studies. In this study, a systematic review from inception to December 25, 2019, through the MEDLINE/PubMed database had been performed to address several aspects of cytokines' roles in PV and PF. As a result, 57 studies from 352 initially found records, containing 26 cytokines had met the inclusion criteria. We found different pieces of evidence in favor of increased levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21; while decreased levels of IL-2 and IL-23 in pemphigus patients. Regarding other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-15, IL-22, there are controversial results. Different studies suggested the association of TNF-α and IL-6 with disease activity and autoantibodies values. However, there is uncertainty regarding the role of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-15, IL-27, and IL-33. Treatments with immunosuppressive agents may decrease IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-33, IL-17 levels. In conclusion, cytokines are deeply involved in PV and PF pathogenesis, and targeting specific cytokines may lead to development of more promising treatments for pemphigus. Show less