Major depressive disorder (MDD) is more common in women than in men, and evidence of gender-related subtypes of depression is emerging. Previously identified blood-based transcriptomic biomarkers dist Show more
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is more common in women than in men, and evidence of gender-related subtypes of depression is emerging. Previously identified blood-based transcriptomic biomarkers distinguished male and female subjects with MDD from those without the disorder. In the present pilot study, we investigated the performance of these biomarkers in pregnant and postpartum women with prior major depressive episodes, some of whom had current symptomatology. The symptom scores of 13 pregnant and 15 postpartum women were identified by the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS-SR-30) at the time of blood sampling. Blood levels of the 20 transcriptomic biomarkers and that of estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), membrane progesterone receptor alpha and beta (mPRα, mPRβ) were measured. In pregnant women, transcript levels of ADCY3, ASAH1, ATP11C, CDR2, ESR2, FAM46A, mPRβ, NAGA, RAPH1, TLR7, and ZNF291/SCAPER showed significant association with IDS-SR-30 scores, of which ADCY3, FAM46A, RAPH1, and TLR7 were identified in previous studies for their diagnostic potential for major depression. ASAH1 and ATP11C were previously also identified as potential markers of treatment efficacy. In postpartum women, transcript levels of CAT, CD59, and RAPH1 demonstrated a trend of association with IDS-SR-30 scores. Transcript levels of ADCY3, ATP11C, FAM46A, RAPH1, and ZNF291/SCAPER correlated with ESR2 and mPRβ expressions in pregnant women, whereas these associations only existed for mPRβ in postpartum women. These results suggest that a blood biomarker panel can identify depression symptomatology in pregnant women and that expression of these biomarker genes are affected by estrogen and/or progesterone binding differently during pregnancy and postpartum. Show less
An objective, laboratory-based diagnostic tool could increase the diagnostic accuracy of major depressive disorders (MDDs), identify factors that characterize patients and promote individualized thera Show more
An objective, laboratory-based diagnostic tool could increase the diagnostic accuracy of major depressive disorders (MDDs), identify factors that characterize patients and promote individualized therapy. The goal of this study was to assess a blood-based biomarker panel, which showed promise in adolescents with MDD, in adult primary care patients with MDD and age-, gender- and race-matched nondepressed (ND) controls. Patients with MDD received cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and clinical assessment using self-reported depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The measures, including blood RNA collection, were obtained before and after 18 weeks of CBT. Blood transcript levels of nine markers of ADCY3, DGKA, FAM46A, IGSF4A/CADM1, KIAA1539, MARCKS, PSME1, RAPH1 and TLR7, differed significantly between participants with MDD (N=32) and ND controls (N=32) at baseline (q< 0.05). Abundance of the DGKA, KIAA1539 and RAPH1 transcripts remained significantly different between subjects with MDD and ND controls even after post-CBT remission (defined as PHQ-9 <5). The ROC area under the curve for these transcripts demonstrated high discriminative ability between MDD and ND participants, regardless of their current clinical status. Before CBT, significant co-expression network of specific transcripts existed in MDD subjects who subsequently remitted in response to CBT, but not in those who remained depressed. Thus, blood levels of different transcript panels may identify the depressed from the nondepressed among primary care patients, during a depressive episode or in remission, or follow and predict response to CBT in depressed individuals. Show less