📚 Article Archive

Extract of Rhus verniciflua stokes protects the diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice.

Se-Jin Jeong, Jong-Gil Park, Sinai Kim +8 more · 2015 · Archives of pharmacal research · Springer · added 2026-04-24

Se-Jin Jeong, Jong-Gil Park, Sinai Kim, Hyae Yon Kweon, Seungwoon Seo, Dae-Seung Na, Dongho Lee, Cheol Yi Hong, Chun-Soo Na, Mi-Sook Dong, Goo Taeg Oh Show less

Rhus verniciflua stokes (RVS) is a popular medicinal plant in oriental medicines which is commonly used to resolve extravasated blood. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the role of RVS extracts Show more

Rhus verniciflua stokes (RVS) is a popular medicinal plant in oriental medicines which is commonly used to resolve extravasated blood. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the role of RVS extracts on the regulation of lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis, we investigated whether RVS extract protect the hyperlipidemia in western diet-induced C57BL6/J mice. Mice fed a western diet and additionally RVS extracts was administered orally at a dose of 0.1 or 1 g/kg/day for 2 weeks respectively. Group with higher dose of RVS extract showed a significantly decreased body weight compared with western diet fed mice groups. And total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels and fatty liver formation were also improved especially in group of mice fed western diet supplemented high dose RVS extracts. Next, synthesis of hepatic bile acids were significantly increased in RVS extract fed groups. Furthermore, RVS extracts significantly increase promoter activity of Cyp7a1 via up-regulate the transcriptional expression level of LXRα. Our data suggest that RVS extracts could be a potent therapeutic ingredient for prevent a hyperlipidemia via increase of bile acids biosynthesis. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0579-6

NR1H3

Mer signaling increases the abundance of the transcription factor LXR to promote the resolution of acute sterile inflammation.

Ji-Yeon Choi, Jeong Yeon Seo, Young-So Yoon +3 more · 2015 · Science signaling · Science · added 2026-04-24

Ji-Yeon Choi, Jeong Yeon Seo, Young-So Yoon, Ye-Ji Lee, Hee-Sun Kim, Jihee Lee Kang Show less

The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer plays a central role in inhibiting the inflammatory response of immune cells to pathogens. We aimed to understand the function of Mer signaling in the resolution of st Show more

The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer plays a central role in inhibiting the inflammatory response of immune cells to pathogens. We aimed to understand the function of Mer signaling in the resolution of sterile inflammation in experiments with a Mer-neutralizing antibody or with Mer-deficient (Mer-/-) mice in a model of sterile, zymosan-induced acute inflammation. We found that inhibition or deficiency of Mer enhanced local and systemic inflammatory responses. The exacerbated inflammatory responses induced by the lack of Mer signaling were associated with reduced abundance of the transcription factors liver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ and decreased expression of their target genes in peritoneal macrophages, spleens, and lungs. Similarly, treatment of mice with a Mer/Fc fusion protein, which prevents the Mer ligand Gas6 (growth arrest-specific protein 6) from binding to Mer, exacerbated the inflammatory response and decreased the abundance of LXR. Coadministration of the LXR agonist T0901317 with the Mer-neutralizing antibody inhibited the aggravating effects of the antibody on inflammation in mice. In vitro exposure of RAW264.7 cells or primary peritoneal macrophages to Gas6 increased LXR abundance in an Akt-dependent manner. Thus, we have elucidated a previously uncharacterized pathway involved in the resolution of acute sterile inflammation: Enhanced Mer signaling during the recovery phase increases the abundance and activity of LXR to inactivate the inflammatory response in macrophages. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005864

NR1H3

Macrophage polarization phenotype regulates adiponectin receptor expression and adiponectin anti-inflammatory response.

Caroline M W van Stijn, Jason Kim, Aldons J Lusis +2 more · 2015 · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · added 2026-04-24

Caroline M W van Stijn, Jason Kim, Aldons J Lusis, Grant D Barish, Rajendra K Tangirala Show less

Adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiatherogenic effects through its receptors (AdipoRs), AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, is an important therapeutic ta Show more

Adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiatherogenic effects through its receptors (AdipoRs), AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, is an important therapeutic target. Factors regulating AdipoR expression in monocyte/macrophages are poorly understood, and the significance of polarized macrophage activation in controlling AdipoR expression and the APN-mediated inflammatory response has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the macrophage polarization phenotype controls the AdipoR expression and APN-mediated inflammatory response. With the use of mouse bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages, we demonstrate that classical activation (M1) of macrophages suppressed (40-60% of control) AdipoR expression, whereas alternative activation (M2) preserved it. Remarkably, the macrophage polarization phenotypes produced contrasting inflammatory responses to APN (EC50 5 µg/ml). In M1 macrophages, APN induced proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 (>10-fold of control) and AdipoR levels. In contrast, in M2 macrophages, APN induced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 without altering AdipoR expression. Furthermore, M1 macrophages adapt to a cytokine environment by reversing AdipoR expression. APN induced AdipoR mRNA and protein expression by up-regulating liver X receptor-α (LXRα) in macrophages. These results provide the first evidence that macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating AdipoR expression and differential APN-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses, which can profoundly influence their pathogenic role in inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253831

NR1H3

PRMT3 regulates hepatic lipogenesis through direct interaction with LXRα.

Dong-il Kim, Min-jung Park, Seul-ki Lim +6 more · 2015 · Diabetes · added 2026-04-24

Dong-il Kim, Min-jung Park, Seul-ki Lim, Jae-Il Park, Kyung-chul Yoon, Ho-jae Han, Jan-åke Gustafsson, Jae-hyang Lim, Soo-hyun Park Show less

Arginine methylation is responsible for diverse biological functions and is mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by excessiv Show more

Arginine methylation is responsible for diverse biological functions and is mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by excessive hepatic lipogenesis via liver X receptor α (LXRα). Thus we examined the pathophysiological role of PRMTs in NAFLD and their relationship with LXRα. In this study, palmitic acid (PA) treatment increased PRMT3, which is correlated with the elevation of hepatic lipogenic proteins. The expression of lipogenic proteins was increased by PRMT3 overexpression, but decreased by PRMT3 silencing and use of the PRMT3 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. PRMT3 also increased the transcriptional activity of LXRα by directly binding with LXRα in a methylation-independent manner. In addition, PA treatment translocated PRMT3 to the nucleus. In animal models, a high-fat diet increased the LXRα and PRMT3 expressions and binding, which was not observed in LXRα KO mice. Furthermore, increased PRMT3 expression and its binding with LXRα were observed in NAFLD patients. Taken together, LXRα and PRMT3 expression was increased in cellular and mouse models of NAFLD and human patients, and PRMT3 translocated into the nucleus bound with LXRα as a transcriptional cofactor, which induced lipogenesis. In conclusion, PRMT3 translocation by PA is coupled to the binding of LXRα, which is responsible for the onset of fatty liver. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.2337/db13-1394

NR1H3

Combination of honokiol and magnolol inhibits hepatic steatosis through AMPK-SREBP-1 c pathway.

Ju-Hee Lee, Ji Yun Jung, Eun Jeong Jang +10 more · 2015 · Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · SAGE Publications · added 2026-04-24

Ju-Hee Lee, Ji Yun Jung, Eun Jeong Jang, Kyung Hwan Jegal, Soo Young Moon, Sae Kwang Ku, Seung Ho Kang, Il Je Cho, Sook Jahr Park, Jong Rok Lee, Rong Jie Zhao, Sang Chan Kim, Young Woo Kim Show less

Honokiol and magnolol, as pharmacological biphenolic compounds of Magnolia officinalis, have been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Sterol regulatory element binding prote Show more

Honokiol and magnolol, as pharmacological biphenolic compounds of Magnolia officinalis, have been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 c (SREBP-1 c) plays an important role in the development and processing of steatosis in the liver. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a combination of honokiol and magnolol on SREBP-1 c-dependent lipogenesis in hepatocytes as well as in mice with fatty liver due to consumption of high-fat diet (HFD). Liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonists induced activation of SREBP-1 c and expression of lipogenic genes, which were blocked by co-treatment of honokiol and magnolol (HM). Moreover, a combination of HM potently increased mRNA of fatty acid oxidation genes. HM induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an inhibitory kinase of the LXRα-SREBP-1 c pathway. The role of AMPK activation induced by HM was confirmed using an inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, which reversed the ability of HM to both inhibit SREBP-1 c induction as well as induce genes for fatty acid oxidation. In mice, HM administration for four weeks ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver dysfunction, as indicated by plasma parameters and Oil Red O staining. Taken together, our results demonstrated that a combination of HM has beneficial effects on inhibition of fatty liver and SREBP-1 c-mediated hepatic lipogenesis, and these events may be mediated by AMPK activation. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1177/1535370214547123

NR1H3

Common and distinctive localization patterns of Crumbs polarity complex proteins in the mammalian eye.

Jin Young Kim, Ji Yun Song, Santi Karnam +4 more · 2015 · Gene expression patterns : GEP · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Jin Young Kim, Ji Yun Song, Santi Karnam, Jun Young Park, Jamie J H Lee, Seonhee Kim, Seo-Hee Cho Show less

Crumbs polarity complex proteins are essential for cellular and tissue polarity, and for adhesion of epithelial cells. In epithelial tissues deletion of any of three core proteins disrupts localizatio Show more

Crumbs polarity complex proteins are essential for cellular and tissue polarity, and for adhesion of epithelial cells. In epithelial tissues deletion of any of three core proteins disrupts localization of the other proteins, indicating structural and functional interdependence among core components. Despite previous studies of function and co-localization that illustrated the properties that these proteins share, it is not known whether an individual component of the complex plays a distinct role in a unique cellular and developmental context. In order to investigate this question, we primarily used confocal imaging to determine the expression and subcellular localization of the core Crumbs polarity complex proteins during ocular development. Here we show that in developing ocular tissues core Crumbs polarity complex proteins, Crb, Pals1 and Patj, generally appear in an overlapping pattern with some exceptions. All three core complex proteins localize to the apical junction of the retinal and lens epithelia. Pals1 is also localized in the Golgi of the retinal cells and Patj localizes to the nuclei of the apically located subset of progenitor cells. These findings suggest that core Crumbs polarity complex proteins exert common and independent functions depending on cellular context. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.01.002

PATJ

Development of in vitro PIK3C3/VPS34 complex protein assay for autophagy-specific inhibitor screening.

Tae-Mi Kim, Jong-Hyuk Baek, Jeong Hee Kim +2 more · 2015 · Analytical biochemistry · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Tae-Mi Kim, Jong-Hyuk Baek, Jeong Hee Kim, Myung Sook Oh, Joungmok Kim Show less

Autophagy is an important catabolic program to respond to a variety of cellular stresses by forming a double membrane vesicle, autophagosome. Autophagy plays key roles in various cellular functions. A Show more

Autophagy is an important catabolic program to respond to a variety of cellular stresses by forming a double membrane vesicle, autophagosome. Autophagy plays key roles in various cellular functions. Accordingly, dysregulation of autophagy is closely associated with diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiomyopathy, and cancer. In this sense, autophagy is emerging as an important therapeutic target for disease control. Among the autophagy machineries, PIK3C3/VPS34 complex functions as an autophagy-triggering kinase to recruit the subsequent autophagy protein machineries on the phagophore membrane. Accumulating evidence showing that inhibition of PIK3C3/VPS34 complex successfully inhibits autophagy makes the complex an attractive target for developing autophagy inhibitors. However, one concern about PIK3C3/VPS34 complex is that many different PIK3C3/VPS34 complexes have distinct cellular functions. In this study, we have developed an in vitro PIK3C3/VPS34 complex monitoring assay for autophagy inhibitor screening in a high-throughput assay format instead of targeting the catalytic activity of the PIK3C3/VPS34 complex, which shuts down all PIK3C3/VPS34 complexes. We performed in vitro reconstitution of an essential autophagy-promoting PIK3C3/VPS34 complex, Vps34-Beclin1-ATG14L complex, in a microwell plate (96-well format) and successfully monitored the complex formation in many different conditions. This PIK3C3/VPS34 complex protein assay would provide a reliable tool for the screening of autophagy-specific inhibitors. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.004

PIK3C3

V-ATPase and osmotic imbalances activate endolysosomal LC3 lipidation.

Oliver Florey, Noor Gammoh, Sung Eun Kim +2 more · 2015 · Autophagy · added 2026-04-24

Oliver Florey, Noor Gammoh, Sung Eun Kim, Xuejun Jiang, Michael Overholtzer Show less

Recently a noncanonical activity of autophagy proteins has been discovered that targets lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) onto macroendocytic vacuoles, including macro Show more

Recently a noncanonical activity of autophagy proteins has been discovered that targets lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) onto macroendocytic vacuoles, including macropinosomes, phagosomes, and entotic vacuoles. While this pathway is distinct from canonical autophagy, the mechanism of how these nonautophagic membranes are targeted for LC3 lipidation remains unclear. Here we present evidence that this pathway requires activity of the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and is induced by osmotic imbalances within endolysosomal compartments. LC3 lipidation by this mechanism is induced by treatment of cells with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, and through exposure to the Heliobacter pylori pore-forming toxin VacA. These data add novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of noncanonical LC3 lipidation and its associated processes, including LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), and demonstrate that the widely and therapeutically used drug chloroquine, which is conventionally used to inhibit autophagy flux, is an inducer of LC3 lipidation. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.984277

PIK3C3

Lpg0393 of Legionella pneumophila is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5, Rab21 and Rab22.

Young-Sik Sohn, Ho-Chul Shin, Wei Sun Park +7 more · 2015 · PloS one · PLOS · added 2026-04-24

Young-Sik Sohn, Ho-Chul Shin, Wei Sun Park, Jianning Ge, Chan-Hee Kim, Bok Luel Lee, Won Do Heo, Jae U Jung, Daniel John Rigden, Byung-Ha Oh Show less

Legionella pneumophila, a human intracellular pathogen, encodes about 290 effector proteins that are translocated into host cells through a secretion machinery. Some of these proteins have been shown Show more

Legionella pneumophila, a human intracellular pathogen, encodes about 290 effector proteins that are translocated into host cells through a secretion machinery. Some of these proteins have been shown to manipulate or subvert cellular processes during infection, but functional roles of a majority of them remain unknown. Lpg0393 is a newly identified Legionella effector classified as a hypothetical protein. Through X-ray crystallographic analysis, we show that Lpg0393 contains a Vps9-like domain, which is structurally most similar to the catalytic core of human Rabex-5 that activates the endosomal Rab proteins Rab5, Rab21 and Rab22. Consistently, Lpg0393 exhibited a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor activity toward the endosomal Rabs. This work identifies the first example of a bacterial guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that is active towards the Rab5 sub-cluster members, implying that the activation of these Rab proteins might be advantageous for the intracellular survival of Legionella. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118683

RAB21

Genetic loci associated with changes in lipid levels leading to constitution-based discrepancy in Koreans.

Sun-Ku Chung, Hyunjoo Yu, Ah Yeon Park +2 more · 2014 · BMC complementary and alternative medicine · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Sun-Ku Chung, Hyunjoo Yu, Ah Yeon Park, Jong Yeol Kim, Seongwon Cha Show less

Abnormal lipid concentrations are risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The pathological susceptibility to cardiovascular disease risks such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mell Show more

Abnormal lipid concentrations are risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The pathological susceptibility to cardiovascular disease risks such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, insulin resistance, and so on differs between Sasang constitutional types. We used multiple regression analyses to study the association between lipid-related traits and genetic variants from several genome-wide association studies according to Sasang constitutional types, considering that the Tae-Eum (TE) has predominant cardiovascular risk. By analyzing 26 variants of 20 loci in two Korean populations (8,597 subjects), we found that 12 and 5 variants, respectively, were replicably associated with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. By analyzing TE and non-TE type (each 2,664 subjects) populations classified on the basis of Sasang constitutional medicine, we found that the minor allele effects of three variants enriched in TE type had a harmful influence on lipid risk (near apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5)-APOA4-APOC3-APOA1 on increased triglyceride: p = 8.90 × 10(-11), in APOE-APOC1-APOC4 on increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: p = 1.63 × 10(-5), and near endothelial lipase gene on decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: p = 4.28 × 10(-3)), whereas those of three variants (near angiopoietin-like 3 gene, APOA5-APOA4-APOC3-APOA1, and near lipoprotein lipase gene on triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) associated in non-TE type had neutral influences because of a compensating effect. These results implied that the minor allele effects of lipid-associated variants may predispose TE type subjects to high cardiovascular disease risk because of their genetic susceptibility to lipid-related disorders. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-230

APOA4

Increased risk of obesity related to total energy intake with the APOA5-1131T > C polymorphism in Korean premenopausal women.

Hyo Hee Lim, Miok Choi, Ji Young Kim +2 more · 2014 · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Hyo Hee Lim, Miok Choi, Ji Young Kim, Jong Ho Lee, Oh Yoen Kim Show less

We hypothesized that triglyceride-raising apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5)-1131T > C may contribute to the increased risk of obesity associated with dietary intake in Korean premenopausal women whose minor a Show more

We hypothesized that triglyceride-raising apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5)-1131T > C may contribute to the increased risk of obesity associated with dietary intake in Korean premenopausal women whose minor allele frequency is higher than that in Western people. Genetically unrelated Korean premenopausal women (approximately 20-59 years, n = 1128) were genotyped for APOA5-1131T > C. Anthropometric, metabolic parameters and dietary intakes were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) for obesity risk (body mass index, ≥25.0 kg/m(2)) were calculated. Genotype distribution of APOA5-1131T > C of study subjects were like TT: 49.9%, TC: 40.8%, and CC: 9.3%. We found a significant interaction between APOA5-1131T > C and total energy intake (TEI) for obesity after adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption (P < .001). The risk of obesity in CC homozygotes compared with T carriers (TT + TC) was significantly increased, when the subjects consume higher TEI (≥2001 kcal/d (8372 kJ/d), median value of the population) (OR, 2.495; 95% confidence intervals, 1.325-4.696; P = .005), particularly, when they maintain negative balance between total energy expenditure and TEI (total energy expenditure/TEI, <1) (OR, 2.917; 95% confidence intervals, 1.451-5.864; P = .003). The contributions of APOA5-1131CC homozygotes to obesity risk in those who consume higher TEI were all significantly high regardless of percentage of energy intake from dietary macronutrients. Whereas, no significant association was observed in those who consume lower TEI (<2001 kcal/d). In addition, serum levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A5 were associated with APOA5-1131T > C and TEI. These findings suggest that APOA5-1131CC homozygotes may influence the susceptibility of the individual to obesity, particularly, when they consume higher TEI, but the genetic effect may be attenuated, when people maintain low or adequate energy intake. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.018

APOA5

Effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on age-related changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose or new-onset type 2 diabetes as a function of the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism.

Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae, Miri Kim +2 more · 2014 · Nutrition journal · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae, Miri Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jong Ho Lee Show less

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on age-related changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo A-V) levels in patients with impaired fasting gluc Show more

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on age-related changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo A-V) levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or new-onset type 2 diabetes as a function of the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism. We genotyped the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism in 203 Korean individuals with IFG or new-onset type 2 diabetes for the TT (n = 91), TC (n = 98), and CC (n = 14) alleles. Plasma apo A-V and triglyceride levels were evaluated at baseline and after a 3-year dietary intervention. Our results showed that HDL, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, free fatty acids, and apo A-V decreased and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased at the 3-year follow-up visit compared with baseline. Plasma apo A-V levels were reduced in subjects with the C allele (TC or CC) (P = 0.036) and triglyceride levels were reduced in subjects with the TT allele (P = 0.047). Subjects with the C allele showed lower post-treatment apo A-V and higher post-treatment fasting triglyceride levels than subjects with the TT allele. Changes in apo A-V and triglyceride levels were negatively correlated in subjects with the TT allele and positively correlated in subjects with the C allele. This study showed that the dietary intervention prevented an age-related increase in triglyceride levels in individuals with IFG or new-onset type 2 diabetes who possess the TT allele, but not the CT or CC allele, of the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-40

APOA5

Consumption of whole grains and legumes modulates the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Ryungwoo Kang, Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae +2 more · 2014 · Trials · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Ryungwoo Kang, Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jong Ho Lee Show less

The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -1131 T > C polymorphism is associated with mild hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic subjects, and interacts with dietary fat in the determination of triglycerid Show more

The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -1131 T > C polymorphism is associated with mild hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic subjects, and interacts with dietary fat in the determination of triglyceride concentrations. We examined whether a substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice in a high carbohydrate diet (about 65% of energy derived from carbohydrate) may modify the effect of this variant on changes in apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) and triglyceride concentrations. We genotyped the APOA5 -1131 T > C in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting whole grain and legume meals daily or a control group for 12 weeks. After dietary intervention, we observed significant interactions between the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism and carbohydrate sources (whole grains and legumes versus refined rice) in the determination of mean percent changes in triglyceride and apoA-V (P interactions <0.001 and =0.038, respectively). In the refined rice group (n = 93), the carriers of the risk C allele (n = 50) showed a greater increase in the mean percent changes of triglyceride and apoA-V than noncarriers after adjusting for HOMA-IR (P = 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). The whole grain and legume group (n = 92), however, showed a decrease in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride, and an increase in apoA-V, irrespective of genotype. The data showed that the magnitude of the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on triglyceride and apoA-V levels was modulated when substituting consumption of whole grains and legumes for refined rice as a carbohydrate source in IFG or diabetic subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01784952. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-100

APOA5

Genomic portrait of resectable hepatocellular carcinomas: implications of RB1 and FGF19 aberrations for patient stratification.

Sung-Min Ahn, Se Jin Jang, Ju Hyun Shim +26 more · 2014 · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · Wiley · added 2026-04-24

Hepatic resection is the most curative treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but is associated with a high recurrence rate, which exceeds 50% at 5 years after surgery. Understandi Show more

Hepatic resection is the most curative treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but is associated with a high recurrence rate, which exceeds 50% at 5 years after surgery. Understanding the genetic basis of hepatocellular carcinoma at surgically curable stages may enable the identification of new molecular biomarkers that accurately identify patients in need of additional early therapeutic interventions. Whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis was performed on 231 hepatocellular carcinomas (72% with hepatitis B viral infection) that were classified as early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas, candidates for surgical resection. Recurrent mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Unsupervised genomic analyses identified an association between specific genetic aberrations and postoperative clinical outcomes. Recurrent somatic mutations were identified in nine genes, including TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RPS6KA3, and RB1. Recurrent homozygous deletions in FAM123A, RB1, and CDKN2A, and high-copy amplifications in MYC, RSPO2, CCND1, and FGF19 were detected. Pathway analyses of these genes revealed aberrations in the p53, Wnt, PIK3/Ras, cell cycle, and chromatin remodeling pathways. RB1 mutations were significantly associated with cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival after resection (multivariate P = 0.038 and P = 0.012, respectively). FGF19 amplifications, known to activate Wnt signaling, were mutually exclusive with CTNNB1 and AXIN1 mutations, and significantly associated with cirrhosis (P = 0.017). RB1 mutations can be used as a prognostic molecular biomarker for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Further study is required to investigate the potential role of FGF19 amplification in driving hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis and to investigate the potential of anti-FGF19 treatment in these patients. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1002/hep.27198

AXIN1

The centriolar satellite protein AZI1 interacts with BBS4 and regulates ciliary trafficking of the BBSome.

Xitiz Chamling, Seongjin Seo, Charles C Searby +3 more · 2014 · PLoS genetics · PLOS · added 2026-04-24

Xitiz Chamling, Seongjin Seo, Charles C Searby, Gunhee Kim, Diane C Slusarski, Val C Sheffield Show less

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a well-known ciliopathy with mutations reported in 18 different genes. Most of the protein products of the BBS genes localize at or near the primary cilium and the centr Show more

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a well-known ciliopathy with mutations reported in 18 different genes. Most of the protein products of the BBS genes localize at or near the primary cilium and the centrosome. Near the centrosome, BBS proteins interact with centriolar satellite proteins, and the BBSome (a complex of seven BBS proteins) is believed to play a role in transporting ciliary membrane proteins. However, the precise mechanism by which BBSome ciliary trafficking activity is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we show that a centriolar satellite protein, AZI1 (also known as CEP131), interacts with the BBSome and regulates BBSome ciliary trafficking activity. Furthermore, we show that AZI1 interacts with the BBSome through BBS4. AZI1 is not involved in BBSome assembly, but accumulation of the BBSome in cilia is enhanced upon AZI1 depletion. Under conditions in which the BBSome does not normally enter cilia, such as in BBS3 or BBS5 depleted cells, knock down of AZI1 with siRNA restores BBSome trafficking to cilia. Finally, we show that azi1 knockdown in zebrafish embryos results in typical BBS phenotypes including Kupffer's vesicle abnormalities and melanosome transport delay. These findings associate AZI1 with the BBS pathway. Our findings provide further insight into the regulation of BBSome ciliary trafficking and identify AZI1 as a novel BBS candidate gene. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004083

BBS4

Altered levels of α-synuclein and sphingolipids in Batten disease lymphoblast cells.

Sunyang Kang, Tae-Hwe Heo, Sung-Jo Kim · 2014 · Gene · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Batten disease (juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by blindness, seizures, cognitive decline, and early death due to the inherited mutation of the C Show more

Batten disease (juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by blindness, seizures, cognitive decline, and early death due to the inherited mutation of the CLN3 gene. Although α-synuclein and sphingolipids are relevant for the pathogenesis of some neuronal disorders, little attention has been paid to their role in Batten disease. To identify the molecular factors linked to autophagy and apoptotic cell death in Batten disease, the levels of α-synuclein, sphingomyelin, and gangliosides were examined. We observed enhanced levels of α-synuclein oligomers and gangliosides GM1, GM2, and GM3 and reduced levels of sphingomyelin and autophagy in Batten disease lymphoblast cells compared with normal lymphoblast cells, possibly resulting in a higher rate of apoptosis typically found in Batten disease lymphoblast cells. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.017

CLN3

TSH signaling overcomes B-RafV600E-induced senescence in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis through regulation of DUSP6.

Young Hwa Kim, Yong Won Choi, Jae Ho Han +5 more · 2014 · Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Young Hwa Kim, Yong Won Choi, Jae Ho Han, Jeonghun Lee, Euy Young Soh, So Hyun Park, Jang-Hee Kim, Tae Jun Park Show less

B-RafV600E oncogene mutation occurs most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with tumor initiation. However, a genetic modification by B-RafV600E in thyrocytes results in o Show more

B-RafV600E oncogene mutation occurs most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with tumor initiation. However, a genetic modification by B-RafV600E in thyrocytes results in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). In the present study, we explored the factors involved in the senescence overcome program in PTC. First of all, we observed down-regulation of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and up-regulation of dual specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) in the PTC with B-RafV600E mutation. DUSP6 overexpression in vitro induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 dephosphorylation and inhibited B-RafV600E-induced senescence in thyrocytes. Although DUSP6 protein was degraded by B-RafV600E-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stabilized DUSP6 protein by increasing Mn superoxide dismutase expression and inhibited B-RafV600E-induced senescence. Although serum TSH was not increased, its receptor was markedly upregulated in PTC with B-RafV600E. Furthermore, TSH together with DUSP6 reactivated Ras signaling, resulted in activation of Ras/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and stabilized c-Myc protein by inhibiting its degradation. These observations led us to conclude that increased TSH signaling overcomes OIS and is essential for B-RafV600E-induced papillary thyroid carcinogenesis. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.10.005

DUSP6

c-Myb negatively regulates Ras signaling through induction of dual phosphatase MKP-3 in NIH3T3 cells.

Young Jae Park, Jong Min Lee, Mi So Lee +2 more · 2014 · Biochemical and biophysical research communications · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Young Jae Park, Jong Min Lee, Mi So Lee, Young Ho Kim, Soon Young Shin Show less

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) negatively regulates ERK1/2 MAPK in a feedback loop. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which Ras signaling induces MKP-3 Show more

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) negatively regulates ERK1/2 MAPK in a feedback loop. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which Ras signaling induces MKP-3 expression. In the present study, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of constitutively active H-Ras increases the level of MKP-3 mRNA. A transfection study using a series of MKP-3 promoter deletion constructs revealed that the c-Myb binding site is required for Ras-induced transcriptional activation of the MKP-3 gene promoter. Furthermore, we show that c-Myb directly binds to the MKP-3 promoter, as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Knock-down of c-Myb expression using siRNA abrogated Ras-induced MKP-3 promoter activity. These findings propose a novel mechanism through which Ras signaling activates c-Myb-dependent transcriptional activation of the MKP-3 gene. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.103

DUSP6

REGNET: mining context-specific human transcription networks using composite genomic information.

Sang-Mun Chi, Young-Kyo Seo, Young-Kyu Park +5 more · 2014 · BMC genomics · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Sang-Mun Chi, Young-Kyo Seo, Young-Kyu Park, Sora Yoon, Chan Young Park, Yong Sung Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Dougu Nam Show less

Genome-wide expression profiles reflect the transcriptional networks specific to the given cell context. However, most statistical models try to estimate the average connectivity of the networks from Show more

Genome-wide expression profiles reflect the transcriptional networks specific to the given cell context. However, most statistical models try to estimate the average connectivity of the networks from a collection of gene expression data, and are unable to characterize the context-specific transcriptional regulations. We propose an approach for mining context-specific transcription networks from a large collection of gene expression fold-change profiles and composite gene-set information. Using a composite gene-set analysis method, we combine the information of transcription factor binding sites, Gene Ontology or pathway gene sets and gene expression fold-change profiles for a variety of cell conditions. We then collected all the significant patterns and constructed a database of context-specific transcription networks for human (REGNET). As a result, context-specific roles of transcription factors as well as their functional targets are readily explored. To validate the approach, nine predicted targets of E2F1 in HeLa cells were tested using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Among them, five (Gadd45b, Dusp6, Mll5, Bmp2 and E2f3) were successfully bound by E2F1. c-JUN and the EMT transcription networks were also validated from literature. REGNET is a useful tool for exploring the ternary relationships among the transcription factors, their functional targets and the corresponding cell conditions. It is able to provide useful clues for novel cell-specific transcriptional regulations. The REGNET database is available at http://mgrc.kribb.re.kr/regnet. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-450

DUSP6

Constitutively active Ras negatively regulates Erk MAP kinase through induction of MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3) in NIH3T3 cells.

Young Jae Park, Jong Min Lee, Soon Young Shin +1 more · 2014 · BMB reports · added 2026-04-24

Young Jae Park, Jong Min Lee, Soon Young Shin, Young Ho Kim Show less

The Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway is important for regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Lack of Erk Show more

The Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway is important for regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Lack of Erk MAPK activation is observed in several cancer cells despite active activation of Ras. However, little is known about the modulation of Erk1/2 activity by active Ras. Here, we show that overexpression of active H-Ras (H-RasG12R) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts impaired FGF2-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation, as compared to wild-type cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that prolonged expression of active Ras increased MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3) mRNA expression, a negative regulator of Erk MAPK. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway abrogated active Ras-induced up-regulation of MKP3 expression, leading to the rescue of Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Our results demonstrated that the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling cascade is negatively regulated by the PI3K/Akt dependent transcriptional activation of the MKP3 gene. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.12.017

DUSP6

Large-scale genetic study in East Asians identifies six new loci associated with colorectal cancer risk.

Ben Zhang, Wei-Hua Jia, Koichi Matsuda +45 more · 2014 · Nature genetics · Nature · added 2026-04-24

Known genetic loci explain only a small proportion of the familial relative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a genome-wide association study of CRC in East Asians with 14,963 cases and 31 Show more

Known genetic loci explain only a small proportion of the familial relative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a genome-wide association study of CRC in East Asians with 14,963 cases and 31,945 controls and identified 6 new loci associated with CRC risk (P = 3.42 × 10(-8) to 9.22 × 10(-21)) at 10q22.3, 10q25.2, 11q12.2, 12p13.31, 17p13.3 and 19q13.2. Two of these loci map to genes (TCF7L2 and TGFB1) with established roles in colorectal tumorigenesis. Four other loci are located in or near genes involved in transcriptional regulation (ZMIZ1), genome maintenance (FEN1), fatty acid metabolism (FADS1 and FADS2), cancer cell motility and metastasis (CD9), and cell growth and differentiation (NXN). We also found suggestive evidence for three additional loci associated with CRC risk near genome-wide significance at 8q24.11, 10q21.1 and 10q24.2. Furthermore, we replicated 22 previously reported CRC-associated loci. Our study provides insights into the genetic basis of CRC and suggests the involvement of new biological pathways. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1038/ng.2985

FADS1

G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5 (GPRC5B) downregulation in spinal cord neurons is involved in neuropathic pain.

Hyung-Joo Chung, Ju Deok Kim, Kyung Han Kim +1 more · 2014 · Korean journal of anesthesiology · added 2026-04-24

Hyung-Joo Chung, Ju Deok Kim, Kyung Han Kim, Na Young Jeong Show less

G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5 (GPRC5B), a retinoic acid-inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a member of the group C metabotropic glutamate receptor family proteins p Show more

G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5 (GPRC5B), a retinoic acid-inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a member of the group C metabotropic glutamate receptor family proteins presumably related in non-canonical Wnt signaling. In this study, we investigated altered GPRC5B expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after spinal nerve injury and its involvement in the development of neuropathic pain. After induction of anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (35 mg /kg), the left L5 spinal nerve at the level of 2 mm distal to the L5 DRG was tightly ligated with silk and cut just distal to the ligature. Seven days after nerve injury, animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the spinal cords were extracted and post-fixed at 4℃ overnight. To identify the expression of GPRC5B and analyze the involvement of GPRC5B in neuropathic pain, immunofluorescence was performed using several markers for neurons and glial cells in spinal cord tissue. After L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), the expression of GPRC5B was decreased in the ipsilateral part, as compared to the contralateral part, of the spinal dorsal horn. SNL induced the downregulation of GPRC5B in NeuN-positive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. However, CNPase-positive oligodendrocytes, OX42-positive microglia, and GFAP-positive astrocytes were not immunolabeled with GPRC5B antibody in the spinal dorsal horn. These results imply that L5 SNL-induced GPRC5B downregulation may affect microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn and be involved in neuropathic pain. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.66.3.230

GPRC5B

Genome-wide association analysis identifies six new loci associated with forced vital capacity.

Daan W Loth, María Soler Artigas, Sina A Gharib +157 more · 2014 · Nature genetics · Nature · added 2026-04-24

Daan W Loth, María Soler Artigas, Sina A Gharib, Louise V Wain, Nora Franceschini, Beate Koch, Tess D Pottinger, Albert Vernon Smith, Qing Duan, Chris Oldmeadow, Mi Kyeong Lee, David P Strachan, Alan L James, Jennifer E Huffman, Veronique Vitart, Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Nicholas J Wareham, Jaakko Kaprio, Xin-Qun Wang, Holly Trochet, Mika Kähönen, Claudia Flexeder, Eva Albrecht, Lorna M Lopez, Kim de Jong, Bharat Thyagarajan, Alexessander Couto Alves, Stefan Enroth, Ernst Omenaas, Peter K Joshi, Tove Fall, Ana Viñuela, Lenore J Launer, Laura R Loehr, Myriam Fornage, Guo Li, Jemma B Wilk, Wenbo Tang, Ani Manichaikul, Lies Lahousse, Tamara B Harris, Kari E North, Alicja R Rudnicka, Jennie Hui, Xiangjun Gu, Thomas Lumley, Alan F Wright, Nicholas D Hastie, Susan Campbell, Rajesh Kumar, Isabelle Pin, Robert A Scott, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Ida Surakka, Yongmei Liu, Elizabeth G Holliday, Holger Schulz, Joachim Heinrich, Gail Davies, Judith M Vonk, Mary Wojczynski, Anneli Pouta, Asa Johansson, Sarah H Wild, Erik Ingelsson, Fernando Rivadeneira, Henry Völzke, Pirro G Hysi, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Alanna C Morrison, Jerome I Rotter, Wei Gao, Dirkje S Postma, Wendy B White, Stephen S Rich, Albert Hofman, Thor Aspelund, David Couper, Lewis J Smith, Bruce M Psaty, Kurt Lohman, Esteban G Burchard, André G Uitterlinden, Melissa Garcia, Bonnie R Joubert, Wendy L McArdle, A Bill Musk, Nadia Hansel, Susan R Heckbert, Lina Zgaga, Joyce B J van Meurs, Pau Navarro, Igor Rudan, Yeon-Mok Oh, Susan Redline, Deborah L Jarvis, Jing Hua Zhao, Taina Rantanen, George T O'Connor, Samuli Ripatti, Rodney J Scott, Stefan Karrasch, Harald Grallert, Nathan C Gaddis, John M Starr, Cisca Wijmenga, Ryan L Minster, David J Lederer, Juha Pekkanen, Ulf Gyllensten, Harry Campbell, Andrew P Morris, Sven Gläser, Christopher J Hammond, Kristin M Burkart, John Beilby, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Vilmundur Gudnason, Dana B Hancock, O Dale Williams, Ozren Polasek, Tatijana Zemunik, Ivana Kolcic, Marcy F Petrini, Matthias Wjst, Woo Jin Kim, David J Porteous, Generation Scotland, Blair H Smith, Anne Viljanen, Markku Heliövaara, John R Attia, Ian Sayers, Regina Hampel, Christian Gieger, Ian J Deary, H Marike Boezen, Anne Newman, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, James F Wilson, Lars Lind, Bruno H Stricker, Alexander Teumer, Timothy D Spector, Erik Melén, Marjolein J Peters, Leslie A Lange, R Graham Barr, Ken R Bracke, Fien M Verhamme, Joohon Sung, Pieter S Hiemstra, Patricia A Cassano, Akshay Sood, Caroline Hayward, Josée Dupuis, Ian P Hall, Guy G Brusselle, Martin D Tobin, Stephanie J London Show less

Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analys Show more

Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analysis of FVC in 52,253 individuals from 26 studies and followed up the top associations in 32,917 additional individuals of European ancestry. We found six new regions associated at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with FVC in or near EFEMP1, BMP6, MIR129-2-HSD17B12, PRDM11, WWOX and KCNJ2. Two loci previously associated with spirometric measures (GSTCD and PTCH1) were related to FVC. Newly implicated regions were followed up in samples from African-American, Korean, Chinese and Hispanic individuals. We detected transcripts for all six newly implicated genes in human lung tissue. The new loci may inform mechanisms involved in lung development and the pathogenesis of restrictive lung disease. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1038/ng.3011

HSD17B12

Myocilin is involved in NgR1/Lingo-1-mediated oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination of the optic nerve.

Heung Sun Kwon, Naoki Nakaya, Mones Abu-Asab +2 more · 2014 · The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · Society for Neuroscience · added 2026-04-24

Heung Sun Kwon, Naoki Nakaya, Mones Abu-Asab, Hong Sug Kim, Stanislav I Tomarev Show less

Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to a family of olfactomedin domain-containing proteins. Although myocilin is detected in several ocular and nonocular tissues, the only reported human Show more

Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to a family of olfactomedin domain-containing proteins. Although myocilin is detected in several ocular and nonocular tissues, the only reported human pathology related to mutations in the MYOCILIN gene is primary open-angle glaucoma. Functions of myocilin are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that myocilin is a mediator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and is involved in the myelination of the optic nerve in mice. Myocilin is expressed and secreted by optic nerve astrocytes. Differentiation of optic nerve oligodendrocytes is delayed in Myocilin-null mice. Optic nerves of Myocilin-null mice contain reduced levels of several myelin-associated proteins including myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid protein, and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase compared with those of wild-type littermates. This leads to reduced myelin sheath thickness of optic nerve axons in Myocilin-null mice compared with wild-type littermates, and this difference is more pronounced at early postnatal stages compared with adult mice. Myocilin also affects differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors in vitro. Its addition to primary cultures of differentiating oligodendrocyte precursors increases levels of tested markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation and stimulates elongation of oligodendrocyte processes. Myocilin stimulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation occurs through the NgR1/Lingo-1 receptor complex. Myocilin physically interacts with Lingo-1 and may be considered as a Lingo-1 ligand. Myocilin-induced elongation of oligodendrocyte processes may be mediated by activation of FYN and suppression of RhoA GTPase. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4731-13.2014

LINGO1

MACF1 regulates the migration of pyramidal neurons via microtubule dynamics and GSK-3 signaling.

Minhan Ka, Eui-Man Jung, Ulrich Mueller +1 more · 2014 · Developmental biology · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24

Minhan Ka, Eui-Man Jung, Ulrich Mueller, Woo-Yang Kim Show less

Neuronal migration and subsequent differentiation play critical roles for establishing functional neural circuitry in the developing brain. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these proces Show more

Neuronal migration and subsequent differentiation play critical roles for establishing functional neural circuitry in the developing brain. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these processes are poorly understood. Here, we show that microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) determines neuronal positioning by regulating microtubule dynamics and mediating GSK-3 signaling during brain development. First, using MACF1 floxed allele mice and in utero gene manipulation, we find that MACF1 deletion suppresses migration of cortical pyramidal neurons and results in aberrant neuronal positioning in the developing brain. The cell autonomous deficit in migration is associated with abnormal dynamics of leading processes and centrosomes. Furthermore, microtubule stability is severely damaged in neurons lacking MACF1, resulting in abnormal microtubule dynamics. Finally, MACF1 interacts with and mediates GSK-3 signaling in developing neurons. Our findings establish a cellular mechanism underlying neuronal migration and provide insights into the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics in developing neurons. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.009

MACF1

A whole genomic scan to detect selection signatures between Berkshire and Korean native pig breeds.

Zewdu Edea, Kwan-Suk Kim · 2014 · Journal of animal science and technology · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Scanning of the genome for selection signatures between breeds may play important role in understanding the underlie causes for observable phenotypic variations. The discovery of high density single n Show more

Scanning of the genome for selection signatures between breeds may play important role in understanding the underlie causes for observable phenotypic variations. The discovery of high density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide a useful starting point to perform genome-wide scan in pig populations in order to identify loci/candidate genes underlie phenotypic variation in pig breeds and facilitate genetic improvement programs. However, prior to this study genomic region under selection in commercially selected Berkshire and Korean native pig breeds has never been detected using high density SNP markers. To this end, we have genotyped 45 animals using Porcine SNP60 chip to detect selection signatures in the genome of the two breeds by using the F ST approach. In the comparison of Berkshire and KNP breeds using the FDIST approach, a total of 1108 outlier loci (3.48%) were significantly different from zero at 99% confidence level with 870 of the outlier SNPs displaying high level of genetic differentiation (F ST ≥0.490). The identified candidate genes were involved in a wide array of biological processes and molecular functions. Results revealed that 19 candidate genes were enriched in phosphate metabolism (GO: 0006796; ADCK1, ACYP1, CAMK2D, CDK13, CDK13, ERN1, GALK2, INPP1; MAK, MAP2K5, MAP3K1, MAPK14, P14KB, PIK3C3, PRKC1, PTPRK, RNASEL, THBS1, BRAF, VRK1). We have identified a set of candidate genes under selection and have known to be involved in growth, size and pork quality (CART, AGL, CF7L2, MAP2K5, DLK1, GLI3, CA3 and MC3R), ear morphology and size (HMGA2 and SOX5) stress response (ATF2, MSRB3, TMTC3 and SCAF8) and immune response ( HCST and RYR1). Some of the genes may be used to facilitate genetic improvement programs. Our results also provide insights for better understanding of the process and influence of breed development on the pattern of genetic variations. Show less

📄 PDF DOI: 10.1186/2055-0391-56-23

MAP2K5

High glucose-induced O-GlcNAcylated carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) mediates mesangial cell lipogenesis and fibrosis: the possible role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Min-jung Park, Dong-il Kim, Seul-ki Lim +4 more · 2014 · The Journal of biological chemistry · American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · added 2026-04-24

Min-jung Park, Dong-il Kim, Seul-ki Lim, Joo-Hee Choi, Ho-jae Han, Kyung-chul Yoon, Soo-hyun Park Show less

Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. However, the role of ChREBP in diabetic nephropathy has not been Show more

Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. However, the role of ChREBP in diabetic nephropathy has not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the role of ChREBP in mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy. Treatment with 25 mM glucose (high glucose; HG) increased cellular O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcylated ChREBP in mesangial cells compared with normal 5.5 mM glucose. O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), a drug that increases O-GlcNAc, augmented the expression of ChREBP targets, whereas DON, a drug that decreases O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcase overexpression, mitigated the increase with HG. O-GlcNAc augmented the protein stability, transcriptional activity, and nuclear translocation of ChREBP. HG treatment also stimulated lipid accumulation and the contents of triglyceride and cholesterol in mesangial cells. In addition, HG triggered expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and extracellular matrix components related to nephrosclerosis. The ChREBP mutant, W130A, did not exhibit HG-induced lipid accumulation and fibrotic proteins, suggesting that the Trp-130 residue in the MCR3 domain is important in the development of glomerulosclerosis. O-GlcNAcylated ChREBP was elevated in mesangium cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, HG increased the O-GlcNAcylated ChREBP level, which resulted in lipid accumulation and up-regulation of fibrotic proteins in mesangial cells. These effects may lead mesangial cells to an ultimately pathological state. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.530139

MLXIPL

Effect of bilirubin on triglyceride synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy.

Jianwei Xu, Eun Seong Lee, Seon Ha Baek +5 more · 2014 · Journal of Korean medical science · added 2026-04-24

Jianwei Xu, Eun Seong Lee, Seon Ha Baek, Shin-Young Ahn, Sejoong Kim, Ki Young Na, Dong-Wan Chae, Ho Jun Chin Show less

We aimed to elucidate the effect of bilirubin on dyslipidemia and nephropathy in a diabetes mellitus (DM) type I animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, DM, and bilirubin-treate Show more

We aimed to elucidate the effect of bilirubin on dyslipidemia and nephropathy in a diabetes mellitus (DM) type I animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, DM, and bilirubin-treated DM (Bil) groups. The Bil group was injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg bilirubin 3 times per week and hepatoma cells were cultured with bilirubin at a concentration of 0.3 mg/dL. The Bil group showed lower serum creatinine levels 5 weeks after diabetes onset. Bilirubin treatment also decreased the amount of mesangial matrix, lowered the expression of renal collagen IV and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and reduced the level of apoptosis in the kidney, compared to the DM group. These changes were accompanied by decreased tissue levels of hydrogen superoxide and NADPH oxidase subunit proteins. Bilirubin decreased serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acids, and triglycerides (TGs), as well as the TG content in the liver tissues. Bilirubin suppressed protein expression of LXRα, SREBP-1, SCD-1, and FAS, factors involved in TG synthesis that were elevated in the livers of DM rats and hepatoma cells under high-glucose conditions. In conclusion, bilirubin attenuates renal dysfunction and dyslipidemia in diabetes by suppressing LXRα and SREBP-1 expression and oxidative stress. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.S2.S155

NR1H3

Kimchi methanol extract and the kimchi active compound, 3'-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, downregulate CD36 in THP-1 macrophages stimulated by oxLDL.

Ye-Rang Yun, Hyun-ju Kim, Yeong-Ok Song · 2014 · Journal of medicinal food · added 2026-04-24

Macrophage foam cell formation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a key step in the progression of atherosclerosis, which is involved in cholesterol influx and efflux in macrophages mediat Show more

Macrophage foam cell formation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a key step in the progression of atherosclerosis, which is involved in cholesterol influx and efflux in macrophages mediated by related proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CD36, PPARα, liver-X receptor α (LXRα), and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of kimchi methanol extract (KME) and a kimchi active compound, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) on cholesterol flux in THP-1-derived macrophages treated with oxLDL. The effects of KME and HDMPPA on cell viability and lipid peroxidation were determined. Furthermore, the protein expression of PPARγ, CD36, PPARα, LXRα, and ABCA1 was examined. OxLDL strongly induced cell death and lipid peroxidation in THP-1-derived macrophages. However, KME and HDMPPA significantly improved cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by oxLDL in THP-1-derived macrophages (P<.05). Moreover, KME and HDMPPA suppressed CD36 and PPARγ expressions, both of which participate in cholesterol influx. In contrast, KME and HDMPPA augmented LXRα, PPARα, and ABCA1 expression, which are associated with cholesterol efflux. Consequently, KME and HDMPPA suppressed lipid accumulation. These results indicate that KME and HDMPPA may inhibit lipid accumulation, in part, by regulating cholesterol influx- and efflux-related proteins. These findings will thus be useful for future prevention strategies against atherosclerosis. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2943

NR1H3

Liver X receptors alpha gene (NR1H3) promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Koreans.

Ja-Young Jeon, Jin-Young Nam, Hyoun-Ah Kim +3 more · 2014 · Arthritis research & therapy · BioMed Central · added 2026-04-24

Ja-Young Jeon, Jin-Young Nam, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Yong-Beom Park, Sang-Cheol Bae, Chang-Hee Suh Show less

Liver X receptors are established sensors of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Recent studies have reported that these receptors are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. W Show more

Liver X receptors are established sensors of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Recent studies have reported that these receptors are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. We attempted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NR1H3 gene associated with the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SNPs were genotyped using SNaPSHOT assay in 300 Korean patients with SLE and 217 normal controls (NC), and in replication samples (160 SLE patients and 143 NC). Also, the functional effects of NR1H3 gene promoter polymorphisms were analyzed using a luciferase assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, B cell proliferation assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We identified five polymorphisms: -1851 T > C (rs3758673), -1830 T > C (rs3758674), -1003 G > A (new), -840 C > A (rs61896015) and -115 G > A (rs12221497). There was a significant and reproducible difference in the -1830 T > C, -1003 G > A and -115 G > A polymorphisms between the SLE and the NC. Luciferase activity of the structure containing -1830 C was less enhanced compared to the structure containing -1830 T in basal, GW3965 and T0901317 treated Hep3B cells (P = 0.009, P = 0.034 and P <0.001, respectively). Proliferation of the -1830 TC type was increased compared to the -1830 TT type in basal, GW3965 and T0901317 treated B cells from SLE patients (P = 0.011, P = 0.040 and P = 0.017, respectively). Transcription factor GATA-3 preferentially bound the -1830 T allele in the promoter. NR1H3 genetic polymorphisms may be associated with disease susceptibility and clinical manifestations of SLE. Specifically, -1830 T > C polymorphism within NR1H3 promoter region may be involved in regulation of NR1H3 expression. Show less

no PDF DOI: 10.1186/ar4563

NR1H3

👤 Tae-Eun Kim