This study investigated the influence of maternal nutrient restriction and dietary melatonin supplementation on DNA methylation and gene expression in bovine placental cotyledons, with a focus on sex- Show more
This study investigated the influence of maternal nutrient restriction and dietary melatonin supplementation on DNA methylation and gene expression in bovine placental cotyledons, with a focus on sex-specific changes. On day 160 of gestation, 29 Brangus heifers (bred to a single sire by AI) were subjected to a 2 × 2 factorial design: adequately fed (ADQ-CON, n = 7), nutrient-restricted (RES-CON, n = 7), and adequately fed or nutrient-restricted supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 7; RES-MEL, n = 8). Cotyledons were collected at day 240 from 12 female and 17 male conceptuses for Methyl MiniSeq-GWBS and RNA-Seq. In RES-CON vs. ADQ-CON, 93 hypomethylated and 143 hypermethylated DMRs were identified, primarily in exonic, intronic, and promoter regions. Melatonin altered the methylation patterns of male and female cotyledons, respectively, with 203 and 460 DMRs associated with axon guidance, RHOC GTPase cycle, and BDNF signaling pathways. RES-MEL showed higher expression of the Show less