👤 Robin S Högnäs

Retirement is a major life transition that can alter patterns of movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep). While some studies indicate an increase in physical activity post-retirement, others report a rise in sedentary behavior. However, evidence is lacking on how individuals re-allocate time among movement behaviors, particularly using analytical approaches that account for the co-dependence of 24-hour time-use data. Furthermore, little is known about how pre-retirement occupational physical activity (OPA) levels influence physical activity after retirement. This study examined changes in the relative time spent in sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over retirement, and how these changes vary by pre-retirement OPA levels. Data were drawn from the Swedish Retirement Study, which followed 112 participants (47 men, 65 women; age: 60–72) at three timepoints during the retirement transition. Movement behavior and sleep data were collected over a week-long period using thigh-worn accelerometers and wrist-worn actigraphs. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) was employed to account for the co-dependent nature of 24-hour time-use data. Multivariable linear mixed models, adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates, were used to evaluate the associations between retirement, OPA tertiles, and movement behaviors. In the overall sample, changes in movement behaviors mainly involved sleep. However, substantial variation was observed across OPA tertile groups. The sleep-to-wake time ratio increased in the high OPA group and, to a lesser extent, in the medium OPA group. Regarding physically active and sedentary time, a convergence between the high and low OPA groups was observed, as pre-retirement differences diminished. Specifically, the ratio of physically active time to SB decreased in the high OPA group and increased in the low OPA group. The findings indicate that pre-retirement OPA is a significant factor in understanding changes in movement behaviors during the retirement transition. The reduction in post-retirement physical activity among high-OPA workers may represent a healthier rebalancing rather than a decline, which aligns with the “physical activity paradox” and the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis”. This evidence highlights the need for tailored interventions for retirees, particularly those from physically demanding occupations. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11556-025-00395-6. Show less

Aneuploidy is frequently detected in solid tumors but the mechanisms regulating the generation of aneuploidy and their relevance in cancer initiation remain under debate and are incompletely characterized. Spatial and temporal regulation of integrin traffic is critical for cell migration and cytokinesis. Impaired integrin endocytosis, because of the loss of Rab21 small GTPase or mutations in the integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tail, induces failure of cytokinesis in vitro. Here, we describe that repeatedly failed cytokinesis, because of impaired traffic, is sufficient to trigger the generation of aneuploid cells, which display characteristics of oncogenic transformation in vitro and are tumorigenic in vivo. Furthermore, in an in vivo mouse xenograft model, non-transformed cells with impaired integrin traffic formed tumors with a long latency. More detailed investigation of these tumors revealed that the tumor cells were aneuploid. Therefore, abnormal integrin traffic was linked with generation of aneuploidy and cell transformation also in vivo. In human prostate and ovarian cancer samples, downregulation of Rab21 correlates with increased malignancy. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that long-term depletion of Rab21 is sufficient to induce chromosome number aberrations in normal human epithelial cells. These data are the first to demonstrate that impaired integrin traffic is sufficient to induce conversion of non-transformed cells to tumorigenic cells in vitro and in vivo. Show less