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To examine the association of types and intensities of physical activity (PA) and depression with all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of older adults, where evidence is scarce or inconsistent. We analysed data from 2060 and 3263 older adults (70.5 ± 5.5 years; 2800 women) participating in the Seniors-ENRICA 1 and 2 cohorts, respectively. Time spent in walking, gardening, do-it-yourself (DIY) activities, housework, cycling, and sports was self-reported using the EPIC questionnaire. PA was categorized by intensity as follows: light (LPA; walking+housework), moderate (MPA; gardening+DIY), and vigorous PA (VPA; cycling+sports); in addition, moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and total PA were computed. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-10) score ≥ 3. All-cause mortality was ascertained up to January 31, 2024. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations, adjusting for key confounders. Inverse associations were observed between all types and intensities of PA and both depression at baseline, except for cycling. In participants with depression, time spent in housework, sports, LPA, VPA, and total PA was similarly associated with reduced mortality risk. Meeting MVPA recommendations was associated with a 20 % and 32 % lower mortality in individuals without and with depression, respectively. In dose-response analyses, participants with depression who engaged in the same volume of PA as those without depression experienced a greater reduction in mortality risk. PA was associated with lower odds of prevalent depression in older adults. Notably, older adults with depression experienced greater mortality benefits from comparable levels of physical activity than those without depression. Show less

Triglyceride concentrations are an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOAS) has an important role determining triglyceride metabolism and it is a potential cardiovascular risk. However the mechanisms for these actions are not well-known. Despite the different allelic frequency of its major polymorphisms in different populations, multiple studies have shown consistent associations between these variants and fasting triglycerides. Variations in the APOA5 gene have also been associated with postprandial triglycerides, as well as with different sizes of lipoproteins and other markers. Moreover, some of the APOA5 gene variants have been associated with ischemic heart disease, stroke, and carotid intima media thickness, although the references on this issue are scanty and contradictory. This may be due to the presence of gene-environment interactions that have been poorly studied until now. Among the few studies that have examined the influence of environmental factors on possible genetic variations, the most important are those that contemplate possible gene-diet interactions. However, the evidence is still scarce and more research is required in the field of nutrigenomics. To understand the impact of this gene on cardiovascular disease, we review the genetic functionality and variability of APOA5, its associations with intermediate and final phenotypes and gene-environment interactions detected. Show less