👤 Masataka Sata

Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), simultaneously inhibits neprilysin and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but its effects on diet-induced vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis are unclear. LCZ696 (100 mg/kg/day), valsartan (50 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (10 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice for 20 weeks. En-face Sudan IV staining of the aortic arch, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of abdominal aorta. There were no differences in metabolic parameters between the groups. Valsartan or LCZ696 significantly reduced the progression of atherosclerotic lesions compared to the hydralazine group, as determined by Enface Sudan IV staining of the aortic arch (p<0.05). In the abdominal aorta, valsartan or LCZ696 treatment reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory molecules. However, no significant difference was observed between the valsartan group and the LCZ696 group regarding these atherosclerotic changes and vascular inflammation. LCZ696 reduced the progression of diet-induced atherosclerotic plaques and vascular inflammation compared with hydralazine in ApoE-/- mice, but showed no difference compared with the valsartan group. J. Med. Invest. 73 : 116-120, February, 2026. Show less

Vascular calcification represents a significant clinical challenge, leading to cardiovascular disease, though its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a key element of innate immunity, plays a pathogenic role in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that TLR9 signaling promotes vascular chondrogenesis and calcification. We compared apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE Show less

Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly caused by incomplete fusion of urethral folds. Development of the urethra and external genital system in the male fetus is an androgen-dependent process. In this regard, enzymes 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17 β HSD3, encoded by HSD17B3) and steroid 5 α-reductase type 2 (encoded by SRD5A2) play crucial roles. To investigate the possible associations between common polymorphisms in HSD17B3 as well as well-known V89L polymorphism in SRD5A2 and risk of hypospadias. A case-control study was performed between 1999 and 2005. There were 89 Japanese boys with hypospadias and 291 newborn controls. We genotyped HSD17B3-1999T>C, +10A>G, +20A>G, +139G>A (V31I), +913G>A (G289S), and SRD5A2+336G>C (V89L) polymorphisms by allelic discrimination assay. We measured mRNA expression of the wildtype G289 allele and the mutant S289 allele of the HSD17B3 gene in the transfected human fetal kidney HEK293 cells. Assessment of hypospadias including its severity and HSD17B3 and SRD5A2 genes using DNA blood samples: allele and genotype distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in these two genes in cases and controls. In our study, the risk of hypospadias was significantly higher in subjects carrying homozygous HSD17B3+913A (289S) alleles (odds ratio [OR]: 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-6.76). The risk of severe hypospadias was much higher in these subjects (OR: 3.93; 95% CI: 1.34-11.49). The mRNA expression levels of HSD17B3 G289 were higher than those of HSD17B3 S289 mutant (P < 0.001). In addition, the risk of severe hypospadias increased in boys carrying the SRD5A2+336C (89L) allele (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.09-9.36). These results suggest that the HSD17B3 G289S polymorphism may be a potential risk modifier for hypospadias. Our findings provide evidence that a certain genotype related to androgen production may potentiate risk of hypospadias. Show less