Sepsis is associated with high morbidity and high mortality and has strongly motivated intense studies into its mechanisms. Antibiotics, aimed to eradicate bacteria, have some impact on the immune sys Show more
Sepsis is associated with high morbidity and high mortality and has strongly motivated intense studies into its mechanisms. Antibiotics, aimed to eradicate bacteria, have some impact on the immune system due to anti-inflammatory properties. Tigecycline, an antibiotic of the glycylcycline class, is commonly used for severe infections. This study aimed to investigate tigecycline's mechanism on the inflammatory response of sepsis to find new targets for sepsis treatment. The objective included (i) to observe the changes in inflammatory factors in LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induced septic mice after tigecycline administration, (ii) to detect the effect of tigecycline on macrophages NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signalling. For LPS-induced sepsis in mice and intervention with tigecycline, mice were first injected with tigecycline (6.5 mg/kg) via tail vein followed by LPS (15 mg/kg). Luminex analysis was performed on 16 mediators. NF-κB signalling pathway antibody chip detected the expression of target sites in macrophages of the LPS group and tigecycline + LPS group. Tigecycline has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory response in septic mice, decreasing the concentrations of IL (interleukin)-6, IL-27, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), TNF RII, IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), CCL5/RANTES (CC Motif Chemokine Ligand) while increasing IL-6Rα, IL-10, and TWEAK (TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis). Tigecycline downregulated phosphorylation levels of key sites JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)1/2/3, p-p65 (s468) and p-p105/p50 (s907) in NF-κB signalling. Tigecycline may inhibit the excessive immune response induced by LPS in sepsis, which may cause a potential protective effect on the host through immune regulation. Show less
Base editors can correct disease-causing genetic variants. After a neonate had received a diagnosis of severe carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency, a disease with an estimated 50% mortality in Show more
Base editors can correct disease-causing genetic variants. After a neonate had received a diagnosis of severe carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency, a disease with an estimated 50% mortality in early infancy, we immediately began to develop a customized lipid nanoparticle-delivered base-editing therapy. After regulatory approval had been obtained for the therapy, the patient received two infusions at approximately 7 and 8 months of age. In the 7 weeks after the initial infusion, the patient was able to receive an increased amount of dietary protein and a reduced dose of a nitrogen-scavenger medication to half the starting dose, without unacceptable adverse events and despite viral illnesses. No serious adverse events occurred. Longer follow-up is warranted to assess safety and efficacy. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.). Show less
Postnatal respiration requires bulk formation of alveoli that produces extensive surface area for gas diffusion from epithelium to the circulatory system. Alveolar morphogenesis initiates at late gest Show more
Postnatal respiration requires bulk formation of alveoli that produces extensive surface area for gas diffusion from epithelium to the circulatory system. Alveolar morphogenesis initiates at late gestation or postnatal stage during mammalian development and is mediated by coordination among multiple cell types. Here we show that fibroblast-derived Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan (HS-GAG) is essential for maintaining a niche that supports alveolar formation by modulating both biophysical and biochemical cues. Gli1-CreER mediated deletion of HS synthase gene Ext1 in lung fibroblasts results in enlarged and simplified alveolar structures. Ablation of HS results in loss of a subset of PDGFRα Show less
Liver and lung are the most common metastatic sites in colorectal cancer (CRC), where the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Understanding the Show more
Liver and lung are the most common metastatic sites in colorectal cancer (CRC), where the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Understanding the interactions between various types of cells in the TME can suggest innovative therapeutic strategies. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and clinical samples, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19, rodent FGF15) is found to mediate a significant interaction between CRC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activating the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-to-CAFs differentiation. In various CRC metastatic mouse models, it is shown that FGF15 has a more pronounced effect on liver metastasis compared to pulmonary metastasis. More importantly, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are also identified from the RNA-Seq dataset upon the activation of HSCs by FGF19 and compared the DEGs in matched primary and metastatic mRNA samples from patients with CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM), it is found that the ANGPTL4 gene is significantly associated with HSCs activation. Different mouse models also demonstrated the impact of the FGF19/ANGPTL4 axis on the severity of CRCLM. Importantly, disruption of this axis significantly inhibits CRCLM in vivo. This study is among the first to demonstrate the impact of the FGF19/ANGPTL4 axis on CRCLM, offering a novel therapeutic strategy. Show less
This study identified fibroblast-specific genes to develop a RiskScore model to improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalized treatment in glioblastoma (GBM). We analyzed fibroblast-specific sign Show more
This study identified fibroblast-specific genes to develop a RiskScore model to improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalized treatment in glioblastoma (GBM). We analyzed fibroblast-specific signatures in the GSE273274 cohort using "Seurat" R package for scRNA-seq data processing. Fibroblast-related gene modules were identified via WGCNA, and functional enrichment was assessed with "clusterProfiler" package. A RiskScore model was established using univariate, Lasso Cox regression analysis, and "survival" package, validated by "timeROC" for receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, immune infiltration and drug sensitivity was evaluated applying "ESTIMATE," "TIMER," "MCPcounter," and "pRRophetic" packages. Experimental validation included qPCR for gene expression detection, and CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays for functional measurement. The scRNA-seq analysis identified nine cell types of cells, with fibroblasts elevated in the GBM group. Fibroblast signatures were linked to tumorigenesis, cytoskeleton remodeling, and regulation of neuronal development process that affected GBM invasion. A 6-gene RiskScore divided GBM patients into high- and low-risk groups in training and validation sets, with high-risk patients exhibiting poorer survival, elevated StromalScore, and negative correlations with the infiltration of neutrophils and B_cells. Moreover, high-risk patients demonstrated heightened sensitivity to Cisplatin, MG-132, AZ628, Dasatinib, CGP-60474, A-770041, TGX221, and Bortezomib. Finally, qPCR showed that the VWA1 was upregulated in GBM cells, while knock-down of VWA1 inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activity. We constructed a RiskScore model for predicting the survival outcomes based on fibroblasts-related genes. These findings highlighted the role of fibroblasts in GBM development and offered six potential therapeutic targets (VWA1, DUSP6, LOXL1, IGFBP4, CYGB, and ZIC3) for GBM treatment. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis and drug sensitivity prediction further supported the model's utility in guiding personalized treatment of GBM. Show less
To explore the latent categories of volume management behaviors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and analyze their relationship with symptom distress. This cross-sectional study utilized a Show more
To explore the latent categories of volume management behaviors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and analyze their relationship with symptom distress. This cross-sectional study utilized a convenience sampling method to select 552 CHF patients from the cardiology departments of Nantong Sixth People's Hospital and Nantong Fourth People's Hospital. Volume management behaviors were assessed using the Volume Management Behavior Scale, and symptom distress was evaluated using the Symptom Distress Questionnaire (SDQ), which measures the severity of eight core symptoms. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed to identify behavioral categories. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and multiple linear regression were used to analyze differences in symptom distress across behavioral categories and to examine the independent predictive effect of behavioral classification on symptom distress. The volume management behaviors of CHF patients were classified into three latent categories: active management type (43.1%), selective adherence type (27.7%), and passive dependence type (29.2%). Symptom distress scores showed a significant increasing trend across the three categories (active type: 10.5 ± 3.8; selective type: 13.2 ± 4.1; passive type: 16.3 ± 5.2, CHF patients exhibit three distinct clinical patterns of volume management behaviors, with the passive dependence type associated with the highest symptom burden. Behavioral category is a significant predictor of symptom distress. These findings provide an empirical basis for developing precise intervention strategies tailored to different behavioral phenotypes. Show less
Central obesity poses a significant health threat. Lutein-rich fruits and vegetables may help manage obesity. Limited evidence suggests that lutein exerts health effects by inhibiting advanced glycati Show more
Central obesity poses a significant health threat. Lutein-rich fruits and vegetables may help manage obesity. Limited evidence suggests that lutein exerts health effects by inhibiting advanced glycation end products (AGEs), but data on its effects in centrally obese individuals are sparse. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of lutein supplementation in subjects with central obesity. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving patients with central obesity. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, metabolic parameters, carotenoid and AGEs levels were compared between those receiving a 32-week intervention of 10 mg d Show less
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), a pathological response to stress, is intricately regulated by the dynamic control of gene expression. This study explored the role of super-enhancers (SEs) and the transcrip Show more
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), a pathological response to stress, is intricately regulated by the dynamic control of gene expression. This study explored the role of super-enhancers (SEs) and the transcription factor Mef2c in CH regulation. Using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model, we demonstrated that inhibition of SEs with JQ-1, a BET inhibitor, significantly attenuated hypertrophic responses, as evidenced by reduced heart weight indices, enhanced cardiac function, and decreased expression of hypertrophic marker proteins BNP and β-MHC. Further analysis revealed that Mef2c, a key transcription factor, is driven by SEs in CH. In vivo and in vitro overexpression of Mef2c promotes CH, while deletion of the Mef2c SE region alleviates this condition. Mechanistically, we identified Hey2 as a downstream target of Mef2c and demonstrated that Mef2c regulates CH through the Hey2/Notch/p38 signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CH and suggest potential therapeutic targets for its treatment. Show less
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary disease of the myocardium characterized by asymmetric hypertrophy (mainly the left ventricle) not caused by pressure or volume load. Most cases of HCM Show more
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary disease of the myocardium characterized by asymmetric hypertrophy (mainly the left ventricle) not caused by pressure or volume load. Most cases of HCM are caused by genetic mutations, particularly in the gene encoding cardiac myosin, such as Show less
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is attributed mainly to abundant neovascularization and presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are preferentially localized to the perivascu Show more
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is attributed mainly to abundant neovascularization and presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are preferentially localized to the perivascular niche to maintain stemness. However, the effect of abnormal communication between endothelial cells (ECs) and GSCs on GBM progression remains unknown. Here, we reveal that ECs-derived SEMA3G, which is aberrantly expressed in GBM patients, impairs GSCs by inducing c-Myc degradation. SEMA3G activates NRP2/PLXNA1 in a paracrine manner, subsequently inducing the inactivation of Cdc42 and dissociation of Cdc42 and WWP2 in GSCs. Once released, WWP2 interacts with c-Myc and mediates c-Myc degradation via ubiquitination. Genetic deletion of Sema3G in ECs accelerates GBM growth, whereas SEMA3G overexpression or recombinant SEMA3G protein prolongs the survival of GBM bearing mice. These findings illustrate that ECs play an intrinsic inhibitory role in GSCs stemness via the SMEA3G-c-Myc distal regulation paradigm. Targeting SEMA3G signaling may have promising therapeutic benefits for GBM patients. Show less
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different Show more
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short- to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), delta-6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers. Using colocalization, we identified shared variants associated with both increased gene expression and changes in RBC PUFA levels in relevant PUFA metabolism tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, muscle, and whole blood). We observed differences in RBC versus plasma PUFA levels for genetically predicted increase in FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression, primarily for omega-6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The colocalization analysis identified rs102275 to be significantly associated with a 0.69% increase in total RBC membrane-bound LA levels (p = 5.4 × 10 Show less
The etiology of hyperlipidemia is complex, and our understanding of its underlying mechanisms is limited. Effective therapeutic strategies for hyperlipidemia remain elusive. This study aimed to confir Show more
The etiology of hyperlipidemia is complex, and our understanding of its underlying mechanisms is limited. Effective therapeutic strategies for hyperlipidemia remain elusive. This study aimed to confirm the effect of curcumin on hyperlipidemia treatment and elucidate the precise mechanism. A high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia model using C57BL/6J mice and HaCaT cells was established. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were performed to detect protein interactions, and immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blotting was used to assess protein succinylation. 40 μM of curcumin administration promoted cell viability, increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, while reducing reactive oxygen species activity and the levels of triglycerides and malondialdehyde. Additionally, curcumin attenuated the development of hyperlipidemia in vivo. Mechanistically, 100 mg/kg of curcumin promoted O-GlcNAcylation and increased the expression of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, apolipoprotein C3 was identified as a substrate of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase, and O-GlcNAcylation of apolipoprotein C3 enhanced its stability. Rescue experiments further verified that curcumin exerts its effects by regulating apolipoprotein C3 expression. In conclusion, these findings provide novel insights into the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Show less
Bats are natural reservoirs for diverse viruses, yet they rarely develop disease, suggesting unique antiviral adaptations. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis in the commo Show more
Bats are natural reservoirs for diverse viruses, yet they rarely develop disease, suggesting unique antiviral adaptations. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis in the common vampire bat ( Show less
Phenotypic switching is an emerging driver of cancer treatment resistance, yet early signals regulating this process remain unclear. Here, using longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped diff Show more
Phenotypic switching is an emerging driver of cancer treatment resistance, yet early signals regulating this process remain unclear. Here, using longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped differentiation trajectories in the LTL331 prostate adenocarcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model undergoing neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) transformation post castration. Our analyses identified a key differentiation node marked by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) downregulation driven by the CXCR4-LASP1-G9a-SNAIL axis. Mechanistically, CXCR4 activation promotes nuclear translocation of LASP1 that links G9a and SNAIL via SH3/proline-rich motif and LIM/SNAG domain interactions, enabling SNAIL-mediated REST repression via promoter E-box motifs. Inhibition of CXCR4 or G9a reversed LTL331R NEPC cells toward a luminal androgen receptor-active phenotype. CXCR4-targeted radioligands enabled both imaging and inhibition of NEPC tumors in vivo. These findings highlight the CXCR4-LASP1-G9a-SNAIL axis as a key regulator of epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in NEPC transdifferentiation and support its therapeutic targeting in aggressive NEPC. Show less
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, with challenges in prognosis and treatment due to its complex pathogenesis and heterogeneous tumor micro Show more
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, with challenges in prognosis and treatment due to its complex pathogenesis and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and oxidative stress play critical roles in tumor progression: NETs promote tumor cell adhesion, migration, and immune suppression, while oxidative stress induces DNA damage and activates pro-tumor signaling pathways. Moreover, oxidative stress is an important inducer of NETs, and their crosstalk shapes the LUAD immune microenvironment. However, systematic exploration of LUAD immunotherapeutic response prediction based on NETs and oxidative stress-related genes remains lacking. The gene set related to oxidative stress was obtained from MSigDB. The gene set related to NETs was sourced from relevant literature. Transcriptomic and clinical data were integrated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD (training set) and GSE31210 (validation set). Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was employed to screen gene modules and characteristic scores related to NETs and oxidative stress signatures. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and prognostic model was established using univariate and LASSO Cox regression. Immune infiltration was analyzed using ESTIMATE algorithm, MCP-counter and ssGSEA methods. And we developed a nomogram incorporating clinicopathological features and RiskScore model, and performed drug sensitivity analysis. Finally, the biological role of CPS1 in lung cancer cells was investigated through CCK-8, wound-healing, and Transwell experiments. 22 co-expression modules were screened, among which the brown module showed significant correlations with NETs and oxidative stress signature scores. This module was intersected with DEGs, yielding 624 overlapping genes implicated in immune-relevant pathways (like leukocyte differentiation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response). A prognostic model was established utilizing 8 key genes (ADGRE3, ARHGEF3, CD79A, CLEC7A, CPS1, EPHB2, LARGE2, and OAS3). In the TCGA database, the model demonstrated robust prognostic discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6), with high-risk patients exhibiting shorter overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05). Its stability was validated in GSE31210 (AUC > 0.6). The RiskScore showed negative correlations with immune infiltration (like T cells, CD8 T cells, and natural killer cells) as well as immune/stromal scores. A nomogram model combining RiskScore with N staging was developed and validated, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy through calibration and decision curve analyses. High-risk patients were more sensitive to drugs like BI-2536, BMS-509744, and Pyrimethamine. Finally, in vitro tests showed that CPS1 knockdown markedly decreased the viability, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. The constructed prognostic model by NETs and oxidative stress-relevant genes effectively predicts LUAD prognosis, correlates with immune microenvironment characteristics, and guides drug sensitivity, providing novel insights for LUAD prognostic assessment and personalized therapy. Show less
Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. However, there is limited research on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and liver hepa Show more
Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. However, there is limited research on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Mitochondrial oxidative stress-related genes were collected from Genecards Portal. Prognosis-linked genes (PLGs) were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. A risk model was constructed based on the PLGs using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictive ability of the model. The expression levels of the prognostic genes were verified in the cell lines. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion assays were conducted to investigate the functional role of the target gene. We constructed a novel risk model based on 9 prognostic genes (CYP2C19, CASQ2, LPL, TXNRD1, CACNA1S, SLC6A3, OXTR, BIRC5, and MMP1). Survival analysis showed that patients with a low-risk score had a much better overall survival (OS). Prognostic risk score was found to be an independent predictor of prognosis. Patients in the high-risk group had a less favorable tumor microenvironment characterized by a lower degree of immune cell infiltration. Among the nine prognostic genes, MMP1, identified as the most promising candidate, demonstrated the capacity to enhance tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Our investigation reveals the oncogenic role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in LIHC. For the first time, we established a risk prediction model for mitochondrial oxidative stress in patients with LIHC. MMP1 has the potential to function as a promising biomarker in LIHC. Show less
Cancer persists as one of the most formidable global public health crises and socioeconomic burdens of our era, compelling the scientific community to develop innovative and diversified therapeutic mo Show more
Cancer persists as one of the most formidable global public health crises and socioeconomic burdens of our era, compelling the scientific community to develop innovative and diversified therapeutic modalities to revolutionize clinical management and enhance patient outcomes. The recent seminal discovery by Swamynathan et al. has unveiled menadione, a vitamin K precursor, as a potent inducer of triaptosis-a novel regulated cell death pathway mediated through the oxidative modulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3/VPS34. This mechanistically distinct cell death paradigm, characterized by its intimate association with endosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced cellular catastrophe, has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in preclinical prostate cancer models, outperforming conventional therapeutic regimens and emerging as a potential paradigm-shifting strategy in oncology. This comprehensive review provides a critical synthesis of the triaptosis discovery landscape, elucidating its molecular intricacies and pathophysiological implications. We systematically examine the multifaceted roles of endosomal biology in oncogenesis and tumor progression, while offering a nuanced perspective on redox homeostasis in malignant cells and the therapeutic potential of oxidative stress modulation. Furthermore, we address the inherent dichotomy of oxidative stress induction in cancer therapy, balancing its therapeutic promise against potential adverse effects. Looking toward the horizon of cancer research, we explore transformative therapeutic strategies leveraging triaptosis induction and its potential applications beyond oncology, aiming to catalyze a new era of precision medicine that ultimately enhances patient survival and quality of life. Show less
Recent studies suggest that dyslipidaemia may play a critical role in the progression of cardiovascular disease in Takayasu arteritis (TA), although the exact relationship between dyslipidaemia and TA Show more
Recent studies suggest that dyslipidaemia may play a critical role in the progression of cardiovascular disease in Takayasu arteritis (TA), although the exact relationship between dyslipidaemia and TA disease activity remains unclear, which is the focus of this study. We evaluated dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in a cohort of untreated female patients. Fifty untreated female patients with TA (median age 30 years) and 98 healthy controls matched for age and body mass index (median age 30 years) were assessed for lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoB, ApoE, lipoprotein(a)], inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)], and atherosclerotic plaque frequency. TA patients exhibited significantly higher levels of TG and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio than the control group, whereas TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and ApoA1 levels were significantly lower. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between CRP and ApoB, as well as the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and negative correlations with TG, HDL-C, and ApoA1. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 14.3% of the TA patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of atherosclerotic plaques was associated only with age, independent of inflammatory markers and lipoprotein levels. The results of this study indicate that untreated female TA patients exhibit a markedly dysregulated serum lipid profile. Atherosclerosis in early TA was not related to lipids or markers of inflammation. Show less
Cold stress poses a significant challenge to pig farming in northern China, leading to reduced productivity and, in severe cases, even mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cold resistance in Show more
Cold stress poses a significant challenge to pig farming in northern China, leading to reduced productivity and, in severe cases, even mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cold resistance in pigs are not well understood. To explore the genetic mechanism of cold resistance in pigs under low-temperature conditions, the cold-tolerant Hezuo pig was selected as a model. DIA proteomics analysis was performed on liver tissues from Hezuo pigs after 24 h of exposure to low-temperature treatments. The results showed that approximately 149 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were detected (95 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated). GO analysis showed that these DAPs were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, vesicle fusion, and membrane function. KEGG analysis showed that these DAPs were primarily enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways such as cholesterol metabolism and vitamin digestion and absorption. Comprehensive analysis identified APOA4, APOA2, SREBF2, ATP23, STX2, USO1, ETFA, RAB11FIP1, ETNPPL, and SGMS1 as potential key proteins involved in cold resistance mechanisms. The mRNA expression of the genes for two key candidate proteins (APOA4 and SREBF2), which are involved in lipid metabolism, was analyzed using qRT-PCR, revealing a significant up-regulation after low-temperature treatment. These findings provide significant insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance in animals and may serve as candidate markers for further studies on cold tolerance. SIGNIFICANCE: Cold resistance is one of the key traits in pigs and involves multiple complex coordinated regulatory mechanisms. However, its genetic mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, a DIA proteomics approach was used to identify proteins and pathways associated with cold resistance in the liver of low-temperature-treated Hezuo pigs. These findings offer novel candidate proteins and key pathways for investigating the molecular mechanisms of cold resistance in Hezuo pigs, providing a base for further elucidating the mechanisms of cold tolerance in pigs. Show less
Chronic diseases have become a major public health challenge facing the world. Identifying key factors and developing effective management strategies to promote proactive health behaviors in patients Show more
Chronic diseases have become a major public health challenge facing the world. Identifying key factors and developing effective management strategies to promote proactive health behaviors in patients is crucial for improving health outcomes. This study aims to construct a comprehensive model of proactive health behaviors in chronic disease patients, elucidate multilevel determinants, and guide targeted policy interventions in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 805 patients with chronic diseases in China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles of proactive health behaviors among patients. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to verify and analyze the determinants affecting the proactive health behaviors of patients. Among the 805 participants, 471 were classified as highly proactive, and 334 were classified as less proactive. The average score for proactive health behaviors was 70.37 ± 10.93. Several factors positively predicted proactive health behaviors: patients aged > 74 years (AOR = 8.85, 95% CI 2.06-39.45), married patients (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.02-3.11), urban residents (AOR= 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.70), those with stronger health intentions (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.28-1.60), higher self-efficacy (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.20), positive health beliefs (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34)), and greater community support (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.32). Regarding policy support, perceiving an adequate upper payment limit for drugs was associated with twice the odds of proactive health behaviors (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.44-4.78). Additionally, age and the medication reimbursement policy for drug expenses exerted negative effects on proactive health behaviors (β = -0.507, P < 0.01). Governments should transform medical insurance from a passive payer into an active health investor. By incorporating behavioral economics principles, such a reform reallocates policy design, resources, and decision-making power toward disadvantaged populations. This shift breaks the "well-intentioned policy trap", achieving lower medical costs alongside improved population health. Show less
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) serve as an incretin-based hypoglycemic class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4i have been reported to produce a pleiotropic effect on lipid Show more
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) serve as an incretin-based hypoglycemic class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4i have been reported to produce a pleiotropic effect on lipid profiles in addition to regulation of glucose homeostasis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively evaluate the impact of DPP-4i on lipid parameters in patients with T2D. PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Trials were identified if changes in lipid parameters, including low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were reported. A total of 95 publications were identified. DPP-4i significantly reduced levels of LDL-C (-3.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.77 to -2.20; I2 = 70%, P < .00001), TC (-2.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.88 to -1.29; I2 = 73%, P < .0001), TG (-5.39 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.04 to -2.75; I2 = 77%, P < .0001), and non-HDL-C (-6.27 mg/dL; 95% CI, -10.94 to -1.60; I2 = 53%, P = .008). No significant effect was found on HDL-C (-0.32 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.19 to 0.55; I2 = 97%, P = .47) and ApoB (-0.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.36 to 1.60; I2 = 36%, P = .49) during DPP-4i treatment. DDP-4i significantly improved lipid parameters including LDL-C, TC, TG, and non-HDL-C in patients with T2D. This underscores the potential cardiovascular benefits of DPP-4i and their role in improving diabetes-related outcomes. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020175999. Show less
Abnormal lipid accumulation is an important cause of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression and can induce several stress responses within cells. This study is the fi Show more
Abnormal lipid accumulation is an important cause of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression and can induce several stress responses within cells. This study is the first to explore the role and molecular mechanism of stress granules (SGs) in MAFLD. A gene knock-down model of G3BP1, a core SG molecule in mice and HepG2 cells, was constructed to explore the role of SGs in MAFLD induced in vivo by a high-fat diet or in vitro by palmitic acid (PA). Methods included metabolic phenotyping; western blotting; qPCR; and immunofluorescence, haematoxylin/eosin and masson staining. The downstream molecules of G3BP1 and its specific molecular mechanism were screened using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). G3BP1 and TIA1 expression were upregulated in high-fat diet-fed mouse liver tissues and PA-induced HepG2 cells, and the two molecules showed significantly increased colocalisation. G3BP1 knock-down slightly increased TIA1 expression in the livers of obese mice but not in lean mice. G3BP1 deficiency aggravated liver lipid deposition and insulin resistance in obese mice, and this phenotype was confirmed in vitro in PA-induced hepatocytes. RNA-seq demonstrated that G3BP1 slowed down MAFLD progression by inhibiting APOC3, possibly through a mechanistic suppression of APOC3 entry into the nucleus. This study reveals for the first time a protective role for SGs in MAFLD. Specifically, knocking down the core G3BP1 molecule in SGs aggravated the progression of fatty acid-induced MAFLD through a mechanism that may involve the nuclear entry of APOC3. These findings provide a new therapeutic direction for MAFLD. Show less
The STAT3 pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion and metastasis in cancer. STAT3 upregulates the transcription of the key epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcripti Show more
The STAT3 pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion and metastasis in cancer. STAT3 upregulates the transcription of the key epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor SNAIL in a DNA binding-independent manner. However, the mechanism by which STAT3 is recruited to the SNAIL promoter to upregulate its expression is still elusive. In our study, the lysine methylation binding protein L3MBTL3 is positively associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in female patients with breast cancer. L3MBTL3 also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in breast cancer. Mechanistic analysis reveals that L3MBTL3 interacts with STAT3 and recruits STAT3 to the SNAIL promoter to increase SNAIL transcription levels. The interaction between L3MBTL3 and STAT3 is required for SNAIL transcription upregulation and metastasis in breast cancer, while the methylated lysine binding activity of L3MBTL3 is not required for these functions. In conclusion, L3MBTL3 and STAT3 synergistically upregulate SNAIL expression to promote breast cancer metastasis. Show less
The prevailing treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not yet satisfactory. The present investigate the neuroprotective effect of the GLP-1/GIP dual agonist tirzepatide and examine the potential mec Show more
The prevailing treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not yet satisfactory. The present investigate the neuroprotective effect of the GLP-1/GIP dual agonist tirzepatide and examine the potential mechanisms involved. Analysis of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) and GIPR expression alterations in dopaminergic neurons from PD patients in the GSE238129 dataset. The MPTP-induced subacute PD mice was treated with tirzepatide, semaglutide and levodopa. Behavioral tests and brain histopathology of mice were evaluated. The transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ultrastructural alterations in the mitochondrial morphology. The ATP level was assessed in substantia nigra. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were employed to quantify Drp1 and mitophagy proteins. Furthermore, Drp1 inhibitor and mitophagy activator were used to treat MPTP-induced subacute PD mice, and lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used in SY5Y cells for validation. The gene expression levels of both GLP1R and GIPR were significantly downregulated in dopaminergic neurons derived from PD patients. Tirzepatide could significantly ameliorate MPTP-induced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the substantia nigra. There was no statistically difference observed between one-third doses of tirzepatide when compared with semaglutide and levodopa. In addition, tirzepatide not only improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, but also enhanced mitochondrial ATP content. Tirzepatide was found to reduce Drp1 expression and reverse the expressions of mitophagy-related proteins, including Pink1, Parkin, and p62. There was no statistically difference observed between one-third doses of tirzepatide compared with semaglutide in mitochondrial energy control. In addition, we observed that MPTP-induced subacute PD mice treated with a Drp1 inhibitor and mitophagy activator exhibited therapeutic effects. In SY5Y cells, lysosomal and autophagy inhibitors significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and the NAD+/NADH ratio. This study demonstrates that the benefits of tirzepatide extend to mitochondrial networks, achieved by means of the inhibition of mitochondrial pathological fission, the promotion of mitophagy, in MPTP-induced subacute PD mice or cells model. Show less
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been reported to reduce body weight and promote glycolipid metabolism in animals. In a preliminary study, we revealed that trans-10, cis-12-CLA (10,12-CLA) Show more
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been reported to reduce body weight and promote glycolipid metabolism in animals. In a preliminary study, we revealed that trans-10, cis-12-CLA (10,12-CLA) plays an important role in modulating lipid metabolism in chickens. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed an isolated in vitro model with primary chicken hepatocytes to investigate the effect of 10,12-CLA on lipid metabolism. 10,12-CLA inhibited lipid accumulation by decreasing the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), SREBP2, 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ACC), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and increasing the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL). Furthermore, 10,12-CLA treatment activated the protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whereas treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reversed the inhibitory effects of 10,12-CLA on lipid accumulation by blocking the ERK1/2-AMPK pathway, leading to increased lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in primary chicken hepatocytes. These findings suggest that in chicken hepatocytes, 10,12-CLA alleviates hepatocyte lipid deposition by activating the ERK1/2-AMPK pathway, promoting fatty acid oxidation and reducing lipid synthesis, revealing the potential mechanism through which 10,12-CLA regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in chickens. Show less
The NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP2, is involved in a range of host processes from cell differentiation to T cell immunity. Ligase activity is tightly regulated, with WWP2 being held in an autoin Show more
The NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP2, is involved in a range of host processes from cell differentiation to T cell immunity. Ligase activity is tightly regulated, with WWP2 being held in an autoinhibited state. The binding of a PY motif-containing adaptor, an Ndfip, via the WW domains of NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin ligases leads to their disinhibition. Here, we show that the canonical Ndfip, NDFIP2, requires multiple PY motifs for interaction with and activation of WWP2. In contrast, the single PY-motif containing Ndfips TMEM127 and SUSD6 functions as a co-disinhibitory pair. TMEM127 and the Salmonella protein SteD also function as a co-disinhibitory pair. However, SteD requires a different region of WWP2, the C2 domain, for interaction with WWP2, and this interaction results in disinhibition of WWP2. These findings demonstrate a range of ways that Ndfips can disinhibit WWP2. To our knowledge, these are the first examples of two Ndfips functioning as co-disinhibitory pairs, and of a bacterial effector that disinhibits an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Show less
Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is involved in numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle and cell proliferation. However, its roles and molecular mechanism underlying the progress Show more
Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is involved in numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle and cell proliferation. However, its roles and molecular mechanism underlying the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are yet largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that VRK1 expression is elevated in HCC tumor tissues, which is associated with high tumor stage and poor prognosis in HCC patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments manifested that VRK1 overexpression significantly promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and tumor growth of HCC by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis determined that VRK1 interacts with CHD1L, which mediates the phosphorylation of CHD1L at serine 122 site. RNA-seq revealed that one of the key downstream target genes of VRK1 is SNAI1, by which VRK1 promotes EMT process and HCC progression. Furthermore, VRK1 upregulates SNAI1 expression through phosphorylating CHD1L. In conclusion, these findings suggested that VRK1/CHD1L/SNAI1 axis acts as a cancer-driving pathway to promote the proliferation and EMT of HCC, indicating that targeting VRK1 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy of HCC. Show less
To investigate the role of lncRNA BACE1-AS in neuronal injury and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke and explore its underlying molecular mechanism. MCAO rat model and OGD/R cell model were e Show more
To investigate the role of lncRNA BACE1-AS in neuronal injury and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke and explore its underlying molecular mechanism. MCAO rat model and OGD/R cell model were established. BACE1-AS expression was detected by RT-qPCR. Neurological function was evaluated by mNSS and MWM test. Inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), neuronal injury markers (NSE, GFAP), and apoptosis-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3) were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay were used to validate the targeting relationship between BACE1-AS and miR-103a-3p. BACE1-AS was significantly upregulated in both MCAO rats and OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Silencing BACE1-AS alleviated neurological deficits, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, BACE1-AS targeted miR-103a-3p, and inhibiting miR-103a-3p reversed the neuroprotective effects of BACE1-AS silencing in vivo and in vitro. Silencing BACE1-AS mitigates neuronal injury and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke by targeting miR-103a-3p, providing a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Show less