The extensive co-occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as evidenced by epidemiological studies, is supported by positive genetic correlations identified in comprehensive genetic investigations Show more
The extensive co-occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as evidenced by epidemiological studies, is supported by positive genetic correlations identified in comprehensive genetic investigations, suggesting a shared genetic basis. However, the precise genetic mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. By assessing genetic correlations, genetic overlap, and causal connections, we aim to shed light on common genetic underpinnings among major CVDs. Employing multi-trait analysis, we pursue diverse strategies to unveil shared genetic elements, encompassing SNPs, genes, gene sets, and functional categories with pleiotropic implications. Our study systematically quantifies genetic overlap beyond genome-wide genetic correlations across CVDs, while identifying a putative causal relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). We then pinpointed 38 genomic loci with pleiotropic influence across CVDs, of which the most influential pleiotropic locus is located at the LPA gene. Notably, 12 loci present high evidence of multi-trait colocalization and display congruent directional effects. Examination of genes and gene sets linked to these loci unveiled robust associations with circulatory system development processes. Intriguingly, distinct patterns predominantly driven by atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and venous thromboembolism underscore the significant disparities between clinically defined CVD classifications and underlying shared biological mechanisms, according to functional annotation findings. Show less
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome significantly increases cancer and mortality risks, but the combined effects of CKM syndrome and physical activity (PA) on these outcomes remain poorly u Show more
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome significantly increases cancer and mortality risks, but the combined effects of CKM syndrome and physical activity (PA) on these outcomes remain poorly understood. This prospective study included 66,650 UK Biobank participants with accelerometry data. CKM syndrome was classified into five stages based on metabolic, kidney, and cardiovascular health. PA was categorized by intensity into light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) levels, and further divided into tertiles by daily duration. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios. Over a median follow-up of 8.03 years, 4,301 incident cancer cases and 2,442 deaths occurred. Advancing CKM stages were associated with elevated risks of both cancer incidence and all cause mortality, while increasing PA levels reduced these risks. Significant interactions were observed between CKM syndrome and both MPA and MVPA on cancer and mortality risks (P interaction < 0.05). In participants with the lowest tertile of MPA or MVPA, those in stages 2 and 4 had higher cancer risk, while in the highest tertile, this risk was no longer elevated. For all-cause mortality, in participants with the lowest tertile of MPA or MVPA, CKM stage 3 exhibited higher risks, while those in the highest tertile did not. CKM stage 4 remained associated with higher mortality across all PA intensity levels, but risks decreased with increasing MVPA levels. Higher levels of MPA and MVPA may mitigate the elevated risks of both cancer incidence and all-cause mortality associated with CKM stages 2 to 4. Show less
Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we found that chemokine CCL Show more
Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we found that chemokine CCL3 mRNA expression was abnormally upregulated in the brains of AD transgenic mice. Moreover, the levels of CCL3 in the serum of AD patients were significantly elevated and negatively correlated with their cognitive abilities. However, the role of CCL3 in AD neuroinflammation and pathological damages remains elusive. Using behavioral, histological, and biochemical methods, outcomes of CCL3 antibody treatment on neuropathology and cognitive deficits were studied in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In the present study, we reported that CCL3 protein expression was increased in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, whereas blockage of CCL3 with neutralizing antibody potently inhibited CCL3 activation in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice down to the levels of wild-type mice. Specifically, CCL3 antibody significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addition, CCL3 antibody treatment decreased cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden via inhibiting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by reducing beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. We also found that CCL3 antibody treatment alleviated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, the activated NF-κB signaling pathway in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice was inhibited by CCL3 antibody treatment. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that CCL3 activation may contribute to the AD pathogenesis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of AD. Show less
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling, including fibrosis and adipogenesis. Here, we identify interleukin-27 (IL-27) as a negative feedback imm Show more
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling, including fibrosis and adipogenesis. Here, we identify interleukin-27 (IL-27) as a negative feedback immunomodulator in TAO. Serum IL-27α levels were significantly elevated in patients with TAO compared with healthy and inflammatory disease controls. In orbital fibroblasts (OFs), exogenous IL-27 suppressed IL-1β-induced proinflammatory cytokines and reduced hypoxia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. IL-27 also attenuated TGF-β-driven fibrosis via p38 MAPK signaling in CD90 Show less
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a global public health issue, and HPV-related stigma can affect cervical cancer prevention. But no validated tools exist to assess HPV stigma in Chinese adult w Show more
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a global public health issue, and HPV-related stigma can affect cervical cancer prevention. But no validated tools exist to assess HPV stigma in Chinese adult women infected with HPV. This study aimed to adapt and validate the HPVsStigma scale (HPV-SS) in the Chinese context. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 among 501 HPV-infected women in Shenzhen, China. The HPV-SS was adapted from a 12-item HIV stigma scale. Demographic characteristics, HPV-related variables, and data on mental health were collected. Factor analyses (FA) were used to assess the scale's factorial structure, reliability, and validity. The bi-factor model was used to determine the score-reporting method of the scale. Item response theory (IRT) was employed to assess the relationship between participants' stigma levels and scale scores. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to classify the participants with different HPV stigma characteristics and determine the optimal cut-off value for HPV-SS. FA showed that the 3-factor model (personalized stigma, public-disclosure concerns, and negative self-image) had the best fit among the nested models, with good reliability and validity. The bi-factor model analysis indicated that the total scale score was more meaningful than dimension scores. IRT analysis confirmed that higher HPV-SS scores represented higher stigma levels. LPA identified a 2-class model as optimal, and the optimal cut-off value of the scale for high HPV stigma was 35. This study validated the 12-item HPV-SS for Chinese women infected with HPV, with good reliability and validity. The scale can be used to evaluate HPV stigma levels, facilitating targeted interventions to improve cervical cancer prevention and the psychological well-being of affected women. Show less
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in professionals engaged in radioactive work. The biological impacts of long-term exposure to low dose-rate radiation remain elusive, as there is a de Show more
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in professionals engaged in radioactive work. The biological impacts of long-term exposure to low dose-rate radiation remain elusive, as there is a dearth of systematic research in this field. BEAS-2B cells were used to establish a cell model with continuous passaging after radiation exposure, which was subsequently subjected to in vivo tumorigenesis assays and in vitro malignant phenotype experiments. By scRNA-seq, we conducted copy number variation analysis, cell trajectory analysis, and cell communication analysis. Furthermore, we used FACS, molecular docking, multiplex immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and co-immunoprecipitation to validate and further explore the molecular mechanisms driving tumor evolution. Long-term low dose-rate exposure is associated with a higher degree of malignancy, as evidenced by the induction of more CNV and EMT events, as well as the delayed activation of DNA repair pathways, which trigger increased genomic instability. The long-term low dose-rate specific ligand-receptor pair, ANGPTL4-SDC4, enhances cell malignancy by promoting angiogenesis in newly formed lung tumor cells. This study not only provides the first evidence and mechanistic explanation that long-term low dose-rate radiation leads to increased cellular malignancy but also offers valuable theoretical insights into the dynamic processes of early tumor evolution in lung cancer within the realm of tumor biology. Show less
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumor in children, characterized by high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and significant mortality. In this study, we analyzed the proteomic profiles of Show more
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumor in children, characterized by high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and significant mortality. In this study, we analyzed the proteomic profiles of NB tissue samples alongside other pathological categories, including ganglioneuroma (GN) and ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB). Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the core prognostic gene models associated with histopathology of NB were identified. Furthermore, by mapping our core prognostic gene models onto drug-perturbed transcriptome profiles from the L1000FWD and CMap databases, repurposing drug candidates were screened and validated for NB. Our proteomic analysis reveals that pathways associated with the cell cycle and DNA replication are significantly upregulated in NB, while oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle are notably downregulated compared to GNB and GN. By applying WGCNA, we identified a core prognostic gene model strongly associated with the unfavorable subtype and high MKI of NB and primarily related to chromatin binding and mRNA metabolic process. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 15 hub genes in this core prognostic module: SMARCA4, SMARCA5, SMARCC2, SMARCC1, PBRM1, BRD3, ARID1A, BRD2, ARID1B, KDM1A, TP53BP1, ALYREF, CBX1, SF3B1, and ADNP, which mainly related to chromatin remodeling. Notably, SMARCA4 and ALYREF are also high-risk genes of mortality and validated as potential prognostic biomarkers for NB. Through repurposing drugs screening, mocetinostat and clofarabine were validated as effective treatments in two NB cell lines. Mocetinostat and clofarabine offer valuable insights for the development of novel targeted therapies in neuroblastoma. Show less
BackgroundSchatzker IV-C tibial plateau fractures pose a significant challenge for adequate visualization and reduction of the lateral articular surface through a solitary posteromedial (PM) approach. Show more
BackgroundSchatzker IV-C tibial plateau fractures pose a significant challenge for adequate visualization and reduction of the lateral articular surface through a solitary posteromedial (PM) approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adjunctive lateral patellar ligament (LPL) approach in enhancing articular exposure, assessed through cadaveric modeling and a clinical case series.MethodsIn a cadaveric study, eight preserved knee specimens were dissected using a combined PM and LPL approach. The exposed articular area was quantitatively measured using calibrated digital imaging and ImageJ software before and after the LPL approach was established. Clinically, a case series of 10 patients with Schatzker IV-C fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation via the combined approach between October 2021 and December 2023. Outcome measures included intraoperative exposure, 12-month postoperative Knee Society Score (KSS), and complications.ResultsThe addition of the LPL approach resulted in a 96% increase in the mean exposed articular area (from 8.4 cm² to 16.5 cm²; Show less
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in later life, with the ε4 allele conferring higher risk. APOE disclosure is becoming increasingly Show more
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in later life, with the ε4 allele conferring higher risk. APOE disclosure is becoming increasingly common in the clinical care of people with Alzheimer's disease and in cognitively unimpaired adults. In this study, we aimed to describe changes in measures of genetic disease knowledge and psychiatric symptoms following APOE disclosure to cognitively unimpaired adults. Data were collected as part of the screening phase of the global, multicentre, Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Study 1 (NCT02565511). Eligible individuals were cognitively unimpaired (Mini-Mental State Exam total score ≥24), aged 60-75 years, and psychologically pre-screened for readiness (by measures of depressive symptoms and anxiety) to receive their APOE genotype from a health-care provider. Participants were assessed before disclosure, and 2-7 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after disclosure. Multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regressions were used to compare changes in genetic disease knowledge, anxiety, depression, and distress by APOE4 genotype status, adjusting for key covariates, with a focus on 2-7 days after disclosure. Multiple imputation by chained equations methods was used to account for missing outcome data. The trial took place between Nov 30, 2015, and Sept 23, 2019. In total, 9496 participants (including 790 APOE4 homozygotes, 4869 heterozygotes, and 3837 non-carriers) learned their APOE genotype from a health-care provider as part of Generation Study 1 screening. 4038 (42·5%) participants were in the 65-69-year age group, 5790 (61·0%) were female, 3706 (39·0%) were male, and 8862 (93·3%) self-identified as White. Increase in genetic disease knowledge 2-7 days after disclosure was greater in APOE4 homozygotes (mean 1·19 [SD 3·95]) than in heterozygotes (0·78 [3·95], p=0·042) and non-carriers (0·29 [3·96], p=0·0002). Disease-specific distress 2-7 days after disclosure increased more in homozygotes (2·25 [6·42]) than in heterozygotes (0·53 [5·08], p<0·0001) and non-carriers (0·79 [4·95], p<0·0001). Levels of anxiety 2-7 days after disclosure increased in homozygotes (0·17 [2·95]) but decreased in heterozygotes (-0·67 [2·68], p<0·0001) and non-carriers (-0·66 [2·67], p<0·0001). There were no significant changes in depressive symptoms following disclosure for any APOE4 group. Notably, for all APOE4 groups, increases in distress and anxiety were small and did not reach predefined levels of clinical concern. In cognitively unimpaired, psychologically pre-screened adults, APOE disclosure by a trained health-care provider was generally safe and well tolerated, consistent with results from previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the largest study experience of APOE disclosure to date, especially for homozygotes, and is notable for the older age of participants compared with previous research. These results are timely and important given anticipated increases in APOE disclosure to guide clinical decision making once an Alzheimer's disease prevention treatment is approved for cognitively unimpaired adults or if patients' family members are interested in genetic testing. Scalable approaches for returning Alzheimer's disease risk information are critical to meeting anticipated demand. Results from this study may be useful to bolster clinical translatability of disclosure programmes. The National Institute on Aging, Alzheimer's Association, Banner Alzheimer's Foundation, GHR Foundation, F-Prime Biomedical Research Initiative (FBRI), and Novartis Pharma. Show less
Diabetes constitutes a risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas insulin resistance serves as the shared pathogenesis underlying both diabetes and cognitive decline. The use of metformin for treat Show more
Diabetes constitutes a risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas insulin resistance serves as the shared pathogenesis underlying both diabetes and cognitive decline. The use of metformin for treating cognitive impairment remains controversial. The present study found that hesperetin, a flavanone derived from citrus peel, enhanced metformin's efficacy in reducing blood sugar levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and ameliorating cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Additionally, it reduced the required dosage of metformin to one-third of its conventional dose. Transcriptome analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the activation of insulin and cyclic-adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathways benefited from the regulation of gut microbiota and the promotion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers such as Show less
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized primarily by damage to the central nervous system, accompanied by astrocyte dysfunction and the activation of ferroptosis. R Show more
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized primarily by damage to the central nervous system, accompanied by astrocyte dysfunction and the activation of ferroptosis. Recent studies have shown that oligodendrocytes also exhibit functional abnormalities in the brains of PD patients and are involved in the ferroptotic process. However, it remains unclear whether there is an interaction between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and how they induce neuronal ferroptosis. Here, we employed single-nucleus sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to characterize the intercellular communication network between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the PD environment. Among these, astrocytes are the primary recipients of signals sent by oligodendrocytes in the FGF (Fibroblast growth factors) signaling pathway. In PD, the communication intensity is weakened, involving FGF1 and FGF9 and their receptors FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3. Subsequently, we further validated the significant activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes within oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PD mice, and that astrocytes might also involve the interaction of Mt1 and Ca Show less
The differential diagnosis between Tuberculosis (TB) and Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) has historically been constrained by the inadequate sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic method Show more
The differential diagnosis between Tuberculosis (TB) and Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) has historically been constrained by the inadequate sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic methods. Furthermore, distinguishing between Active Tuberculosis (ATB) and Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) poses significant challenges. This study aims to develop a molecular differentiation system for ATB, LTBI, and NTM by integrating plasma proteomics with multi-dimensional analytical techniques, while also exploring key biomarkers associated with disease progression and treatment response. Using label-free quantitative technology, we conducted a plasma proteomics analysis across five groups: ATB, LTBI, NTM, Cured Patients (CPs), and Healthy Donors (HD). Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) were identified through screening (FC > 1.5 or <0.67, P < 0.05), followed by Gene Ontology/KEGG pathway enrichment, STRING interaction network, and Mfuzz dynamic clustering analysis to systematically elucidate molecular characteristics. Experimental data were validated through a multidimensional quality control system (Pearson correlation coefficient, peptide distribution, molecular weight distribution, etc.). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the plasma expression levels of target proteins across the groups and to facilitate comparisons. This study identified 1,338 non-redundant proteins across five cohorts. Comparative analysis revealed 142 DEPs across the three comparative groups (ATB, LTBI, and NTM), which were primarily localized in the extracellular domain. Key findings include: 27 DEPs in the ATB-LTBI group, primarily enriched in inflammatory responses (such as A2M, IL-1R2) and epithelial barrier functions (TGM3, KRT3); 69 DEPs in the ATB-NTM group, characterized by significant changes in immunoglobulin light chains (IGLV2-11) and innate immune effector molecules (S100A8); 46 DEPs in the NTM-LTBI group, closely related to lipid metabolism (APOC3) and extracellular matrix remodeling (FN1). KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEPs in the ATB-LTBI group were enriched in nitrogen metabolism pathways, those in the ATB-NTM group were associated with thyroid hormone synthesis, and the NTM-LTBI group was involved in phagosome function. Dynamic clustering results showed six treatment response modules: Cluster 1/2 (riboflavin metabolism, complement coagulation pathway) were activated post-treatment, Cluster 3/4 (proteasome, cardiac signaling pathway) exhibited partial reversal in expression, and Cluster 5/6 (platelet activation, cytoskeleton) showed delayed regression. Research confirmed 10 differential proteins between the ATB-CPs and ATB-HD groups, including S100A8, LTA4H, and DEFA1B, which constitute a molecular fingerprint specific to ATB. ELISA validation confirmed significantly elevated S100A8 and GPX3 in ATB group, while NTM group showed higher FGB and lower ATRN levels. This study systematically reveals the plasma proteomic characteristics under infection statuses caused by different mycobacteria. A discrimination framework for ATB/LTBI/NTM was constructed based on disease-specific differential proteins, overcoming the limitations of traditional diagnostic techniques in distinguishing infection states. Through dynamic analysis of six temporal therapeutic modules, the reprogramming patterns of the host protein network during tuberculosis treatment were elucidated. This research lays a multidimensional molecular foundation for the precise typing, personalized treatment, and prognostic evaluation of mycobacterial infections. Show less
The central melanocortin system, composed of peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) such as the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH) and melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R), along wi Show more
The central melanocortin system, composed of peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) such as the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH) and melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R), along with the agouti-related protein (AgRP), plays a pivotal role in controlling energy balance. To elucidate the dynamic role of α-MSH release in regulating appetite, specific, sensitive, and spatiotemporally resolved genetic sensors are required. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) scaffold was leveraged for its robust plasma membrane expression, high affinity for melanocortins and low affinity for AgRP to design a α-MSH selective sensor for in vivo use. This was achieved by integrating circularly permuted green fluorescent protein (cpGFP) into the receptor, which we named Fluorescence Amplified Receptor sensor for Melanocortin (FLARE The FLARE FLARE Show less
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APP undergoes different posttranslational modifications, but the role of SUMOylation modification of A Show more
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APP undergoes different posttranslational modifications, but the role of SUMOylation modification of APP in the pathogenesis of AD is not known. The molecular mechanism and functional significance of APP SUMOylation have not been studied either. Using in vitro SUMOylation assay, plasmid DNA transfection and lentiviral vector transduction to the mouse hippocampus, we have found that APP is SUMO-modified by Ubc9 at Lys-587 and Lys-595 in the hippocampus endogenously. APP SUMOylation decreases the association between APP and β-secretase (BACE1), reduces amyloid-beta (Aβ), sAPPβ and BACE1 expression, but increases sAPPα expression in APP/PS1 mice. APP SUMOylation also facilitates the degradation of BACE1. Lenti-EGFP-SUMO1 vector transduction to APP/PS1 mice rescues spatial memory and recognition memory deficits, decreases the amount of Aβ and the accumulation of amyloid plaque compared with APP/PS1 mice receiving Lenti-EGFP vector transduction, whereas Lenti-EGFP-SUMO1ΔGG mutant vector transduction to APP/PS1 mice produces an opposite effect for these measures. Melatonin increases Ubc9 expression and enhances APP SUMOylation. In addition, blockade of APP phosphorylation at Thr-668 facilitates APP SUMOylation. These results together suggest that APP SUMOylation promotes the nonamyloidogenic processing of APP and functions as an endogenous protection mechanism against Aβ toxicity. Further, melatonin is an endogenous stimulus that enhances APP SUMOylation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-025-01354-8. Show less
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins Show more
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins and admixture history remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive genomic study of Kirgiz populations from Xinjiang, China (XJ.KGZ, n = 36) and their counterparts in Kyrgyzstan (KRG), integrating genome-wide data of 2,406 global individuals. Our analyses reveal four primary ancestry components in XJ.KGZ: East Asian (41.7%), Siberian (25.6%), West Eurasian (25.2%), and South Asian (7.6%). Despite close genetic affinity (FST = 0.13%), XJ.KGZ and KRG diverged ∼447 years ago, with limited gene flow post-split. A two-wave admixture model elucidates their demographic history: an initial East-West Eurasian mixture ∼2,225 years ago, likely reflecting west-east contacts during the period of the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty, followed by secondary admixture events (∼875 to 425 years ago) linked to historical migrations under Mongol and post-Mongol rule. Local adaptation signatures implicate genes critical for cellular tight junction (e.g. PATJ), pathogen invasion (e.g. OR14I1), and cardiac functions (e.g. RYR2) with allele frequency deviations suggesting ancestry-specific selection. While no classical high-altitude adaptation genes (e.g. EPAS1) showed selection signals, RYR2 and C10orf67-implicated in hypoxia response in Tibetan fauna-displayed Western ancestry bias, hinting at convergent adaptation mechanisms. This study advances our understanding of the genetic makeup and admixture history of the Kirgiz people and provides novel insights into human dispersal in Central Asia. Show less
Paraneoplastic syndromes arise when tumor-derived cytokines reprogram distant organs. Although mediators such as Interleukin-6 have been implicated, how these signals impair host organ function remain Show more
Paraneoplastic syndromes arise when tumor-derived cytokines reprogram distant organs. Although mediators such as Interleukin-6 have been implicated, how these signals impair host organ function remains incompletely defined. Here, we identify a cytokine-lipid axis that drives hepatic autophagy dysfunction. Specifically, in Show less
USP10 is a critical deubiquitinating enzyme within the ubiquitin-specific protease family, playing multifaceted roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Structurally composed of a G3BP1- Show more
USP10 is a critical deubiquitinating enzyme within the ubiquitin-specific protease family, playing multifaceted roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Structurally composed of a G3BP1-interacting motif, a N-terminal domain (mediating most protein interactions), and a catalytic USP domain (residues 415-795, catalytic triad C424-H736-D751), USP10 regulates diverse cellular pathways by stabilizing key proteins through deubiquitination. It exhibits context-dependent functional duality, particularly in cancer: USP10 promotes tumorigenesis in various cancers (e.g., glioblastoma, esophageal, pancreatic, breast cancers) by stabilizing oncoproteins like CCND1, YAP1, HDAC7, and RUNX1, enhancing proliferation, metastasis, and immune evasion. Conversely, it suppresses tumors (e.g., NSCLC, CRC, thyroid cancer) by stabilizing tumor suppressors like p53, PTEN, and Axin1, inhibiting pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin. Beyond oncology, USP10 contributes to neurodegenerative diseases (neuroprotective in PD/ALS, neurotoxic in AD via Tau stabilization), viral immunity (inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection), inflammatory responses, male reproduction, and metabolic/cardiovascular disorders. Its regulatory mechanisms include phosphorylation (e.g., by AMPK, AKT, ATM) controlling subcellular localization and activity, and ubiquitination via USP13. USP10's therapeutic significance drives inhibitor development (Spautin-1, D1, Wu-5, P22077, Parthenolide), though cross-reactivity within the USP family due to conserved catalytic domains remains a challenge. Novel strategies like PROTACs and engineered ubiquitin variants (UbVs) offer promise for future selective targeting of USP10 dysregulation in diverse diseases. A comprehensive understanding of its structure and context-specific functions is essential for exploiting its full therapeutic potential. Show less
To explore the influence related factors of endoscopic assistant in gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy by using machine learning and nomogram, and construct an endoscopic assistant system. Show more
To explore the influence related factors of endoscopic assistant in gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy by using machine learning and nomogram, and construct an endoscopic assistant system. A skilled endoscopic assistant(Group A, The learning curve coefficient of goodness of fit R It is necessary to train endoscopic assistant to build an endoscopic assistant system, and improve the surgical process by shortening CET, TRT and reduce LWT times. The importance of experience accumulation to improve the efficiency of surgery should be emphasized. Show less
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly affecting young adults and elderly populations. This study investigates the neuroprotective po Show more
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly affecting young adults and elderly populations. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of orlistat (ORL), a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, in a murine TBI model. Behavioral, histological, and molecular analyses demonstrated that ORL significantly attenuated TBI-induced neurological damage. Microglial depletion experiments revealed that ORL's neuroprotective effects were largely mediated through microglial modulation. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that ORL suppressed microglial activation, phagocytosis, and migration. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified upregulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in a TBI-induced microglial subpopulation. Molecular docking predicted ORL-LPL binding, suggesting direct enzymatic inhibition. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further revealed ORL's modulation of microglial metabolic pathways and inflammatory responses. Our findings position ORL as a promising repurposed therapeutic for TBI through its novel mechanism of targeting microglial LPL-mediated neuroinflammation. Show less
Yue Cao, Nana Wu, Yanfen Liu+3 more · 2025 · Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · SAGE Publications · added 2026-04-24
ObjectiveRespect for older adults (ROA) is shaped by multiple ecological systems and personal factors. However, little is known about the potential subgroups that may differ in their constellation of Show more
ObjectiveRespect for older adults (ROA) is shaped by multiple ecological systems and personal factors. However, little is known about the potential subgroups that may differ in their constellation of influencing factors and their association with ROA.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1,476 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 18-83 years ( Show less
The high mortality rate of severe heat stroke is mainly related to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and respiratory failure caused by acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant factor in the Show more
The high mortality rate of severe heat stroke is mainly related to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and respiratory failure caused by acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant factor in the development of MODS during the course of severe heat stroke. Previous research has demonstrated that severe heat stroke-induced acute lung injury (sHS-ALI) is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), but the specific initiating factors and intermediate mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, the mRNA profiles of mouse lung tissues were analysed using high-throughput sequencing. Genome-wide knockout was performed using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to identify a cohort of differentially expressed genes that promote human umbilical vein endothelial cells survival after heat stress. The expression of key proteins [fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (p-FGFR-1), FGFR-1, phosphorylated phospholipase C-γ2 (p-PLC-γ2), PLC-γ2, p-p47 In this study, we first screened sHS-ALI target genes by cross-comparison This study confirmed that FGF23/FGFR1 signalling, as an upstream priming factor, mediated NOX2-ROS activation in VECs after heat stress, thus participating in the sHS-ALI process. FGFR-1 Y766 phosphorylation is essential for FGF23/FGFR-1 signalling activation in VECs, which is involved in sHS-ALI. These findings further clarify the mechanism underlying sHS-ALI and contribute to reducing the mortality and morbidity of severe heat stroke. Show less
Prior research has consistently demonstrated that higher levels of digital health literacy contribute positively to improved mental health outcomes and overall quality of life among patients. Neverthe Show more
Prior research has consistently demonstrated that higher levels of digital health literacy contribute positively to improved mental health outcomes and overall quality of life among patients. Nevertheless, the interplay between digital health literacy and the experience of perceived stigma-particularly among burn patients-remains underexplored, and the potential heterogeneity within this relationship has not been adequately addressed. This cross-sectional study, conducted from June to July 2025, recruited 534 burn patients (mean age 31.05 ± 9.52 years; 61.0% male) from three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Participants completed validated scales assessing digital health literacy, social support, appearance anxiety, perceived stigma, and demographics. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations, latent profile analysis (LPA) with fit indices, univariate analyses (chi-square tests and Digital health literacy was negatively correlated with perceived stigma ( This study confirms heterogeneity in digital health literacy and perceived stigma among burn patients, with social support and appearance anxiety as key influencers. Findings support targeted interventions to enhance digital health literacy and reduce perceived stigma, advancing precision psychological care for burn survivors. Show less
High-intensity exercise promotes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) breakdown in females via the hypothalamic ERα pathway, and exogenous lactate infusion combined with aerobic training (AT) mimics this eff Show more
High-intensity exercise promotes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) breakdown in females via the hypothalamic ERα pathway, and exogenous lactate infusion combined with aerobic training (AT) mimics this effect. However, whether lactate administration can independently mediate hypothalamic plasticity and VAT catabolism as a standalone nutritional strategy remains unexplored. Firstly, using a two-factor design (Lactate × AT) in female SD rats, we showed that long-term exogenous lactate infusion independently induced co-expression of Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and elevated local field potential spectral power in specific bands. These neural adaptations were accompanied by increased resting metabolic rate, enhanced fat oxidation, and enhanced lipolysis, thereby preventing excessive VAT accumulation induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition confirmed that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) acts as a co-upstream signal of ERα and BDNF mediating this process. Our findings reveal that standalone lactate administration induces functional plasticity and metabolic reprogramming through the VMH PGC-1α-ERα pathway, independent of exercise, and effectively suppresses pathological VAT accumulation in female rats. This study identifies potential nutritional interventions and mechanistic targets for preventing female-centered obesity. Show less
As global population aging intensifies, mental health issues in older adults are increasingly prominent, with depression being particularly prevalent and detrimental. The study investigated how substi Show more
As global population aging intensifies, mental health issues in older adults are increasingly prominent, with depression being particularly prevalent and detrimental. The study investigated how substituting sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep (SLP) with physical activity (PA) affects depression risk in this population. Meta-analysis was conducted by searching four databases: PubMed, Scopus, SPORTdiscus, and PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost platform) for relevant studies published until January 2025. Regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depressive symptoms were estimated. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's tests, and heterogeneity was evaluated using Q tests and the I Among 18,912 participants (53.45% female, ≥60 years) across nine studies, replacing SB with MVPA significantly reduced depression (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04), subgroup analyses indicated that reallocating 10, 30 and 60 min/day of SB to MVPA ( Substituting SB and SLP with MVPA is significantly associated with a reduction in depression, whereas no significant association is observed when replaced by LPA. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=546666, identifier CRD42024546666. Show less
The widely accepted theory of endometriosis posits that endometriosis stems from the translocation of endometrial tissue through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. However, the exact patho Show more
The widely accepted theory of endometriosis posits that endometriosis stems from the translocation of endometrial tissue through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. However, the exact pathogenesis and critical molecules of endometriosis remain unclear. Here, we find that alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) is abundantly expressed in endometrial tissues and promotes the proliferation, migratory capability, and invasive potential in endometriotic stromal cells (EESC) and 11Z cells. Moreover, AARS1 enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in EESC and 11Z cells. In addition, AARS1 could lactylate Snail1 to maintain its protein stability. In summary, this work identifies a crucial role of AARS1 in advancing endometriosis, which may provide new insights into its pathogenesis and future disease management. Show less
Evidence of the benefits of cordycepin (Cpn) for treating obesity is accumulating, but detailed knowledge of its therapeutic targets and mechanisms remains limited. This study aimed to systematically Show more
Evidence of the benefits of cordycepin (Cpn) for treating obesity is accumulating, but detailed knowledge of its therapeutic targets and mechanisms remains limited. This study aimed to systematically identify Cpn's therapeutic targets and pathways in Western diet (WD)-induced obesity using integrated network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental validation. A Western diet (WD)-induced mice model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Cpn in ameliorating obesity. A network pharmacology analysis was then employed to identify the potential anti-obesity targets of Cpn. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to elucidate the potential functions of the identified targets, followed by constructing a protein-protein interaction network to screen the core targets. Meanwhile, quantitative transcriptomics was conducted to validate and broaden the network pharmacology findings. Finally, molecular docking and quantitative real-time PCR assay were used for the core target validation. Cpn treatment effectively alleviated obesity-related symptoms in WD-induced mice. The metabolic pathway, insulin signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, and core targets including CPS1, HRAS, MAPK14, PAH, ALDOB, AKT1, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, BHMT2, EGFR, CASP3, MAT1A, APOM, APOA2, APOC3, and APOA1 are involved in regulating the therapeutic effect of Cpn. This study comprehensively uncovers the potential mechanism of Cpn against obesity based on network pharmacology and quantitative transcriptomics, which provides evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of obesity, suggesting that Cpn is a possible lead compound for anti-obesity treatment. Show less
Quality of life (QoL) subtypes were identified via latent profile analysis (LPA), and their correlations with social support and self-efficacy were assessed in 284 patients with hematologic malignanci Show more
Quality of life (QoL) subtypes were identified via latent profile analysis (LPA), and their correlations with social support and self-efficacy were assessed in 284 patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs). The results were as follows: (1) LPA revealed three QoL subtypes of patients with HMs, namely, the high-QoL group, the medium-QoL group, and the low-QoL group. (2) The high-QoL group had higher levels of social support than the medium-QoL group did, and they also had higher levels of self-efficacy than both the medium- and low-QoL groups did. These results contribute to the identification of heterogeneous QoL features among patients with HMs and their correlations with social support and self-efficacy. Moreover, this study has clinical implications for improving the QoL of patients with HMs and promoting their physical and mental health. Show less
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogs (BPs) may pose hazards to offspring's health; however, their underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. DNA methylation, a major epigenetic mechanism, may be Show more
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogs (BPs) may pose hazards to offspring's health; however, their underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. DNA methylation, a major epigenetic mechanism, may be involved in early programming following environmental disturbances. In this prospective study, we investigated associations between prenatal BPs exposure and the placental DNA methylation levels of 14 candidate genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway among 205 mother-infant pairs and explored the potential mediating role of the DNA methylation in the association of prenatal BPs exposure with anthropometric measurements of infants aged 1 year. We observed a general pattern that prenatal BPs exposure was associated with the DNA hypomethylation of candidate genes, with associations consistently and notably observed for PPAR α (PPARA), retinoid X receptor α (RXRA), acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM) in linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Both models identified bisphenol F (BPF) as the predominant compound. We found inverse associations between the placental DNA methylation levels of most candidate genes, such as PPARA, RXRA, ACADM, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3), and the length-for-age z-score, arm circumference-for-age z-score, subscapular skinfold-for-age z-score, and abdominal skinfold thickness of the infants. The DNA methylation levels of RXRA and NR1H3 could mediate the associations between prenatal BPF exposure and increased infant anthropometric measurements, with mediating portions ranging from 23.02% to 30.53%. Our findings shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal BPs exposure on infant growth and call for urgent actions for risk assessment and regulation of BPF. Future cohort studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm our findings. Show less