Observational studies have reported an association between visceral obesity and asthma. However, the causal direction of this relationship remains uncertain due to potential confounding and reverse ca Show more
Observational studies have reported an association between visceral obesity and asthma. However, the causal direction of this relationship remains uncertain due to potential confounding and reverse causality. Furthermore, the underlying mediating factors and potential therapeutic targets underlying this association are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on asthma risk, identify potential mediators, and quantify their effects using a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. In this study, we employed MR approach to elucidate the impact of VAT on asthma and to assess the potential mediators. Subsequently, the association between seven lipid-lowering medication targets and asthma risk was investigated using the drug target MR method. Lastly, we conducted an observational study involving 12,120 participants to evaluate the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and asthma. The univariable MR analysis demonstrated that each standard deviation increase in genetically predicted VAT was associated with a 46 % higher risk of asthma (IVW: OR = 1.460, 95 % CI: 1.351-1.578, p = 1.471E-21). This association remained significant after adjusting for BMI in multivariable MR (OR = 1.137, 95 % CI: 1.023-1.262, p = 0.017). Mediation analysis revealed that HDL-C accounted for 4.3 % of this effect (OR = 1.016, 95 % CI: 1.001-1.033, p = 0.038). Drug-target MR indicated that activation of HMGCR and LDLR reduced asthma risk (OR = 0.846 and 0.866, respectively; both p < 0.01), whereas LPL activation increased risk (OR = 1.080, p = 0.015). Observational analysis of NHANES data (n = 12,120) confirmed that higher VAI was associated with increased asthma prevalence (OR = 1.290, 95 % CI: 1.101-1.479, p = 0.010). Our results reveal a significant association between increased visceral adipose tissue and elevated risk of asthma, which is partially mediated by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and lipoprotein lipase exhibit potential as therapeutic targets for asthma. Show less
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents significant challenges due to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms and the limited efficacy of single-target therapies. In this study, we investigated the potential of Show more
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents significant challenges due to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms and the limited efficacy of single-target therapies. In this study, we investigated the potential of chlorogenic acid (CHA), a multifunctional natural active compound, in AD therapy by developing a trifunctional nanocarrier (MC-H/R/si). CHA was effectively conjugated with iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MIL/Fe-100) through chelation interaction. The resulting nanocomplex (MC) not only enhances the bioavailability of CHA but also facilitates a synergistic antioxidant effect between CHA and MIL/Fe-100. Importantly, CHA can chelate Zn Show less
As dementia cases continue to rise, effective prevention strategies are urgently needed. However, objective biomarkers that directly reflect lifestyle factors remain limited. Life's Essential 8 (LE8) Show more
As dementia cases continue to rise, effective prevention strategies are urgently needed. However, objective biomarkers that directly reflect lifestyle factors remain limited. Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a composite of modifiable cardiovascular health metrics, and lower LE8 has been consistently associated with increased risk of dementia. In this study, we aimed to identify DNA methylation biomarkers associated with LE8 scores and investigate their relevance for dementia risk. We performed an epigenome-wide association study of 273 stroke-free, self-identified Hispanic adults aged 40 and older from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), a community-based urban cohort study. DNA methylation (DNAm) was assessed using Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays. Robust linear models identified CpGs associated with LE8 score, a composite score on eight health metrics including diet quality, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Differentially methylated regions were identified by combining P-values in sliding windows while accounting for spatial correlations across the genome. We also performed functional annotation, pathway analyses, and integrative analyses with gene expression, genetic variants, brain-blood correlations, and comparisons with previous dementia studies to identify the most biologically meaningful DNAm sites. After adjusting for age, sex, APOE ε4, immune cell composition, and ancestry, we found 11 CpGs with suggestive evidence of association with LE8 (P-value < 1 × 10 Our comparison with published results showed that a number of LE8-associated DNA methylation sites are associated with dementia, highlighting the possible connection between cardiovascular health and dementia risk and pointing to potential actionable targets for dementia prevention. Moreover, DNAm biomarkers have clinical potential as objective measures to identify individuals at elevated risk, stratify participants based on biologically informed risk profiles, and monitor epigenetic responses to lifestyle interventions in dementia prevention trials. Future studies in larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to validate and refine these methylation biomarkers for clinical applications. Show less
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke cognitive im Show more
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) through meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA), moreover to provide an evidence-based basis for the treatment of PSCI in clinical practice. The study conducted a comprehensive search of eight major domestic and international databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP and China Biology Medicine (CBM). Four English and four Chinese databases of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture combined with rTMS for the treatment of PSCI from inception until July 2025. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted based on the Cochrane systematic review method by using RevMan5.4 and Stata/MP 18.0, and trial sequential analyses were performed by TSA 0.9. Sixteen RCTs involving 1,058 patients were included, including 532 patients in the experimental group and 526 patients in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the experimental group had a higher clinical effectiveness rate in treating patients with PSCI compared to the control group [RR = 1.29, 95% CI (1.08, 1.55), Acupuncture combined with rTMS can improve cognitive function, regulate daily living ability, and regulate neurotransmitter levels in patients with PSCI, which is worthy recommended in the clinic. However, due to limitations in sample size, inclusion quality and incomplete reporting, it is worth noting that more rigorously designed and high-quality studies are needed to further validate these conclusions. Show less
This study aimed to analyze latent profiles and characteristics of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding pressure injury (PI) prevention, as well as influencing factors across di Show more
This study aimed to analyze latent profiles and characteristics of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding pressure injury (PI) prevention, as well as influencing factors across distinct profiles. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit nurses from hospitals at various tiers in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between July and August 2024. Data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire and a Nurse PI-KAP Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified distinct PI-KAP profiles, while univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression determined profile-specific influencing factors. Among 17,253 enrolled nurses, the total PI-KAP score was 63.44 ± 7.69. Three latent profiles emerged: low-level PI-KAP (12.82%), moderate-level PI-KAP (52.23%), and high-level PI-KAP (34.95%). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that hospital tier, years of experience, education level, professional title, gender, and attitudes toward PI training significantly influenced PI-KAP profiles (p < .05). Heterogeneity exists in nurses' PI-KAP profiles, with a substantial proportion demonstrating suboptimal competency. Nursing administrators should establish hierarchical training systems tailored to PI-KAP characteristics. Capacity-building strategies include prioritizing training for core nurses, optimizing resource allocation, and establishing tiered hospital assistance mechanisms to enhance team-based PI prevention capabilities. Not applicable. Show less
The aim of this review is to systematically explore the critical role of dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs) in CKD-associated cognitive impairment and their therapeutic potential. Chronic kidney disea Show more
The aim of this review is to systematically explore the critical role of dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs) in CKD-associated cognitive impairment and their therapeutic potential. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, and the cognitive impairment it induces seriously affects patients' quality of life. Studies have shown that DUSPs are involved in pathological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and neuronal apoptosis through the regulation of signaling pathways such as MAPK, which in turn affects the cognitive function of CKD patients. Specifically, downregulation of DUSP1 and DUSP6 expression in brain tissues of CKD patients is associated with cognitive impairment, whereas upregulation of DUSP8 and DUSP16 exacerbates cognitive deficits by promoting neuroinflammation. In addition, uremic toxins (e.g., indolephenol sulfate) can further deteriorate cognitive function by altering the activity of DUSPs and interfering with central nervous system signaling. Although there are currently no clinical drugs targeting DUSPs, small molecule inhibitors, gene modulation techniques, and natural compounds have demonstrated the potential to improve cognitive function by modulating DUSPs. Future studies need to focus on optimizing the specificity and selectivity of DUSPs inhibitors and conducting rigorous clinical validation. In-depth elucidation of the mechanism of action of DUSPs in the renal-brain axis will provide an important theoretical basis for the development of novel intervention strategies for CKD-associated cognitive impairment. Show less
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently accompanied with metabolic dysfunctions, yet the causal relationships between metabolic factors and PCOS remain to be conclusively established and etiolo Show more
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently accompanied with metabolic dysfunctions, yet the causal relationships between metabolic factors and PCOS remain to be conclusively established and etiology-based therapies are lacking. To comprehensively identify the metabolic causal factors and potential drug targets for PCOS. This genetic association study was conducted using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR), multivariable MR (MVMR) and drug-target MR. Considering metabolic sexual dimorphism, female-specific genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for metabolic factors were obtained. To ensure the robustness of the findings, an additional independent PCOS GWAS dataset was utilized for replication. The PCOS cohort included 10,074 PCOS cases (mean age 28 to 45 years) and 103,164 controls (mean age 27 to 60 years) of European ancestry. All participants were female. Employing two-sample MR analysis, we found that genetically proxied body mass index (BMI) (OR = 3.40 [95 % CI, 2.65-4.36]), triglyceride (TG) (OR = 1.54 [95 % CI, 1.17-2.04]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR = 1.37 [95 % CI, 1.07-1.76]), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR = 1.24 [95 % CI, 1.09-1.41]) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PCOS, whereas genetically predicted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.61 [95 % CI, 0.47-0.80]) decreased the odds of PCOS. Stepwise MVMR established a hierarchy of interactions among these metabolic factors, identifying BMI and HDL-c as the most prominent causal factors. Notably, drug-target MR analysis identified incretin-based therapeutics, PCSK9 inhibitors, LPL gene therapy, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones as potential therapeutics for PCOS. All these findings were validated in an independent dataset. This study offered insights into the roles of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in PCOS etiology and therapeutics, underscoring the necessity for managing metabolic health in women and paving the way for tailored therapeutic strategies for PCOS based on its metabolic underpinnings. Show less
Obesity in women of childbearing age disrupts lipid metabolism in pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of prepregnancy glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use on lipid meta Show more
Obesity in women of childbearing age disrupts lipid metabolism in pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of prepregnancy glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use on lipid metabolism during pregnancy. A retrospective case-control study with 42 participants was employed to analyze the impact of prepregnancy GLP-1RA use on lipid metabolism during pregnancy in women with obesity. An animal study involved 60 virgin female Sprague Dawley rats fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, with the latter diet divided into HFD + saline, HFD + liraglutide, and HFD + semaglutide for 4 weeks. Rats were mated and then sacrificed on gestational day 21. Clinically, prepregnancy GLP-1RA use reduced prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, ratio with first-trimester metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and triglyceride levels during pregnancy. In animals, GLP-1RA improved plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adiponectin, triglyceride levels, and leptin in midgestation. During late gestation, compared with the HFD group, the GLP-1RA groups exhibited improved liver lipid deposition, increased fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis genes, decreased lipogenesis genes, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathways in liver; in the visceral adipose, the GLP-1RA groups showed increased lipolysis genes, decreased lipogenesis genes, and increased phosphorylated to total fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) with activated ERK/PPAR-γ pathways. Prepregnancy GLP-1RA use improves maternal lipid metabolism during pregnancy, potentially involving elevated liver-secreted FGF21. This study offers a new strategy for treating lipid metabolic disorders in pregnancy. Show less
To identify distinct sleep quality profiles among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) using latent profile analysis (LPA), and examine differences in perceived stigma across these sleep Show more
To identify distinct sleep quality profiles among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) using latent profile analysis (LPA), and examine differences in perceived stigma across these sleep quality subtypes. From December 2024 to March 2025, a total of 334 MHD patients were recruited via convenience sampling from the nephrology departments of two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang, China. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Social Impact Scale (SIS), along with sociodemographic and clinical information. LPA was employed to identify latent subgroups of sleep quality based on PSQI components. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine predictors of sleep profile membership. Differences in stigma scores across sleep profiles were analyzed using non-parametric equivalents. Three distinct sleep profiles were identified: Class 1 - "overall better sleep", Class 2 - "short sleep duration and low efficiency", and Class 3 - "poor sleep quality with high medication use". Multinomial logistic regression identified comorbid heart failure (OR=2.867, Patients with MHD exhibit heterogeneous patterns of sleep disturbance, which are associated with varying levels of perceived stigma. Those with the poorest sleep quality and highest reliance on medication experience the most pronounced stigma. Tailored interventions addressing sleep-related issues and psychosocial factors may help reduce stigma and improve patient well-being. Show less
Some individuals are more susceptible to developing or suffering from pain states than others. However, the brain mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to pain responses are unknown. In this study, Show more
Some individuals are more susceptible to developing or suffering from pain states than others. However, the brain mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to pain responses are unknown. In this study, we defined pain susceptibility by recapitulating inter-individual differences in pain responses in mice exposed to a paradigm of socially transferred allodynia (STA), and with a combination of chemogenetic, molecular, pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches, we identified GABA-ergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) as a cellular target for the development and maintenance of STA susceptibility. We showed that DRN GABA-ergic neurons were selectively activated in STA-susceptible mice when compared with the unsusceptible (resilient) or control mice. Chemogenetic activation of DRN GABA-ergic neurons promoted STA susceptibility; whereas inhibiting these neurons prevented the development of STA susceptibility and reversed established STA. In in vitro slice electrophysiological analysis, we demonstrated that melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) enriched in DRN GABA-ergic neurons was a molecular target for regulating pain susceptibility, possibly by affecting DRN GABA-ergic neuronal activity. These results establish the DRN GABA-ergic neurons as an essential target for controlling pain susceptibility, thus providing important information for developing conceptually innovative and more accurate analgesic strategies. Show less
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers exhibit aberrant lipid metabolism, yet the causal mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics data to dissect metabolic dr Show more
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers exhibit aberrant lipid metabolism, yet the causal mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics data to dissect metabolic drivers of 20 GI diseases. Focusing on colorectal (CC) and esophageal cancer (EC), we identified five metabolites (e.g., 1,2-di-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and arachidonic acid ethyl ester as causal drivers. Summary-data-based MR and colocalization analysis (PP.H4 > 0.75) revealed FADS1 as a master regulator of these metabolites, with genetic variants exhibiting tissue-specific lipidomic effects. Functional validation using FADS1-knockout cell lines and mouse models demonstrated that FADS1 inhibition suppresses tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. In vivo, FADS1 deletion reduced chemically induced CC/EC tumor burden by 62-75%, accompanied by decreased Ki-67/MMP-9 expression and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, FADS1 ablation disrupted lipid metabolism (reduced linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) and attenuated PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling. Multi-omics integration further corroborated FADS1-mediated epigenetic regulation (e.g., mQTL-driven DNA methylation). This study establishes FADS1 as a pivotal orchestrator of GI carcinogenesis via metabolic reprogramming and signaling dysregulation, offering a compelling therapeutic target for precision oncology in CC and EC. Regulatory mechanisms of FADS1 in CC and EC. Show less
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in professionals engaged in radioactive work. The biological impacts of long-term exposure to low dose-rate radiation remain elusive, as there is a de Show more
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in professionals engaged in radioactive work. The biological impacts of long-term exposure to low dose-rate radiation remain elusive, as there is a dearth of systematic research in this field. BEAS-2B cells were used to establish a cell model with continuous passaging after radiation exposure, which was subsequently subjected to in vivo tumorigenesis assays and in vitro malignant phenotype experiments. By scRNA-seq, we conducted copy number variation analysis, cell trajectory analysis, and cell communication analysis. Furthermore, we used FACS, molecular docking, multiplex immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and co-immunoprecipitation to validate and further explore the molecular mechanisms driving tumor evolution. Long-term low dose-rate exposure is associated with a higher degree of malignancy, as evidenced by the induction of more CNV and EMT events, as well as the delayed activation of DNA repair pathways, which trigger increased genomic instability. The long-term low dose-rate specific ligand-receptor pair, ANGPTL4-SDC4, enhances cell malignancy by promoting angiogenesis in newly formed lung tumor cells. This study not only provides the first evidence and mechanistic explanation that long-term low dose-rate radiation leads to increased cellular malignancy but also offers valuable theoretical insights into the dynamic processes of early tumor evolution in lung cancer within the realm of tumor biology. Show less
Ischemic injury induces a partial mesenchymal shift in endothelial cells (ECs), contributing to impaired vascular regeneration. However, the molecular regulators of this transitional state remain poor Show more
Ischemic injury induces a partial mesenchymal shift in endothelial cells (ECs), contributing to impaired vascular regeneration. However, the molecular regulators of this transitional state remain poorly defined. To address this, we performed circular RNA profiling of endothelial cells under ischemic-like conditions and identified a marked upregulation of a circular RNA, named circATXN1. Functional studies revealed that circATXN1 knockdown modulates endothelial phenotype and vascular response after ischemia. Functional studies have shown that knockdown of circATXN1 can regulate the endothelial cell phenotype and vascular response after ischemia. Mechanistically, circATXN1 knockdown enhances the demethylase protein ALKBH5 to reduce the RNA methylation level of the key transcription factor SLUG, thereby stabilizing SLUG. In animal models, suppression of circATXN1 enhances angiogenesis and improves recovery following ischemic injury. Here, we show that circATXN1 regulates partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and angiogenesis by controlling SLUG mRNA methylation dynamics, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in ischemic disease. Show less
The deposition of toxic aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ), resulting from continuous cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, is a key pathogenic ev Show more
The deposition of toxic aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ), resulting from continuous cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have shown great potential for disease treatment by specifically silencing target genes. However, the poor brain delivery efficiency of siRNAs limits their therapeutic efficacy against AD. We designed a simplified and effective BACE1 siRNA (siBACE1) delivery system, namely, dendritic polyamidoamine modified with the neurotropic virus-derived peptide RVG29 and polyethylene glycol (PPR@siBACE1). PPR@siBACE1 crossed the blood-brain barrier efficiently and entered brain parenchyma in large amount, with subsequent neurotropism and potential microglia-targeting ability. Both in vitro and in vivo studies validated the effective brain delivery of siBACE1 and strong BACE1 silencing efficiency. Treatment of AD mice with PPR@siBACE1 inhibited the production of Aβ, potentiated Aβ phagocytosis by microglia, improved the memory deficits and reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice. This study provides a reliable delivery platform for gene therapies for AD. Show less
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a practical and effective method for treating coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to explore the influencing factors of major cardiovascular event Show more
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a practical and effective method for treating coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to explore the influencing factors of major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and hospital readmission risk within one year following PCI treatment. Additionally, it seeks to assess the clinical value of Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoB/ApoA-I) in predicting the risk of one-year MACEs and readmission post-PCI. A retrospective study included 1938 patients who underwent PCI treatment from January 2010 to December 2018 at Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University. Patient demographics, medications, and biochemical indicators were recorded upon admission, with one-year follow-up post-operation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to establish the relationship between ApoB/ApoA-I levels and MACEs/readmission. Predictive nomograms were constructed to forecast MACEs and readmission, with the accuracy of the nomograms assessed using the concordance index. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the occurrence of MACEs and readmission. We observed a correlation between ApoB/ApoA-I and other lipid indices, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ApoB/ApoA-I is an independent risk factor for MACEs in post-PCI patients (P = 0.038). Within one year, the incidence of MACEs significantly increased in the high-level ApoB/ApoA-I group (ApoB/ApoA-I ratio ≥ 0.824) (P = 0.038), while the increase in readmission incidence within one year was not statistically significant. Furthermore, a nomogram predicting one-year MACEs was established (Concordance Index: 0.668). Subgroup analysis revealed that ApoB/ApoA-I was associated with the occurrence of both MACEs and readmission in male patients, those using CCB/ARB/ACEI, those without multivessel diseases, or those with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio serves as an independent risk factor for one-year MACEs in post-PCI patients and correlates closely with other blood lipid indicators. ApoB/ApoA-I demonstrates significant predictive value for the occurrence of MACEs within one year.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry: No.ChiCTR22000597-23. Show less
Macropinocytosis is a nonselective form of endocytosis that allows cancer cells to largely take up the extracellular fluid and its contents, including nutrients, growth factors, etc. We first elaborat Show more
Macropinocytosis is a nonselective form of endocytosis that allows cancer cells to largely take up the extracellular fluid and its contents, including nutrients, growth factors, etc. We first elaborate meticulously on the process of macropinocytosis. Only by thoroughly understanding this entire process can we devise targeted strategies against it. We then focus on the central role of the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) in regulating macropinocytosis, highlighting its significance as a key signaling hub where various pathways converge to control nutrient uptake and metabolic processes. The article covers a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the molecular mechanisms governing macropinocytosis, including the initiation, maturation, and recycling of macropinosomes, with an emphasis on how these processes are hijacked by cancer cells to sustain their growth. Key discussions include the potential therapeutic strategies targeting macropinocytosis, such as enhancing drug delivery via this pathway, inhibiting macropinocytosis to starve cancer cells, blocking the degradation and recycling of macropinosomes, and inducing methuosis - a form of cell death triggered by excessive macropinocytosis. Targeting macropinocytosis represents a novel and innovative approach that could significantly advance the treatment of cancers that rely on this pathway for survival. Through continuous research and innovation, we look forward to developing more effective and safer anti-cancer therapies that will bring new hope to patients. Show less
Vascular calcification (VC), a common complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with elevated mortality in indi Show more
Vascular calcification (VC), a common complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with elevated mortality in individuals with DM. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) imparts phenotypic plasticity to vascular endothelial cells (VECs), granting them the potential for osteogenic differentiation, which is a crucial mechanism in regulating VC. Notably, adenosine-ADORA2A-mediated endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal regulatory role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific role of endothelial ADORA2A in diabetic VC remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that ADORA2A was upregulated in the endothelium of diabetic mice and cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with high glucose treatment. Deletion of endothelial Adora2a or pharmacologic inhibition of ADORA2A with KW6002 attenuated EndMT, osteogenic differentiation, and calcium deposit in diabetic aortas of Ins2 Show less
Synthetic vascular grafts are promising conduits for small caliber arteries. However, due to restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia, they cannot keep long patency in vivo. In this work, through sing Show more
Synthetic vascular grafts are promising conduits for small caliber arteries. However, due to restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia, they cannot keep long patency in vivo. In this work, through single cell RNA sequencing, we found that thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was highly expressed in the regenerated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts. The expression of THBS1 by injured SMCs was confirmed in a balloon-induced vascular injury model. Downregulation of Thbs1 expression maintained contractile phenotypes of SMCs and reduced neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury via inhibition of FGFR1/EGR1 signaling by decreasing THBS1 expression. THBS1 small interfering RNA (THBS1-siRNA) was then loaded into macrophage membrane (MM) hybrid lipid nanoparticles (Lipid NP@MM), which were used to modify PCL vascular grafts via polydopamine (PDA) coatings. Lipid NP@MM not only protected THBS1-siRNA from degradation but also improved its internalization by SMCs to decrease the level of THBS1 expression. PCL vascular grafts modified with PDA coatings and Thbs1-siRNA-loaded Lipid NP@MM showed significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia. Thus, the downregulation of THBS1 expression in regenerated SMCs in vascular grafts is a promising strategy to inhibit intimal hyperplasia during vascular graft regeneration in vivo. Show less
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent urological malignancy. We aim to identify novel biomarkers for BLCA and elucidate the specific regulatory mechanisms of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Using differenti Show more
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent urological malignancy. We aim to identify novel biomarkers for BLCA and elucidate the specific regulatory mechanisms of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened from GSE38264 and GSE130598 datasets, we constructed protein-protein interaction networks to identify hub genes, whose expression was validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The malignant phenotype of BLCA cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, Transwell, and wound-healing assays. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining were employed to evaluate BLCA development in mouse xenograft models. The protein expression was detected by Western blot. PLK1, AURKA, AURKB, CDK1, ERBB2, ERBB3, FGFR1, FYN, ABL1, and PRKDC were hub genes with predictive value for BLCA. Among them, PLK1 was selected as a key target of BLCA. PLK1 knockdown inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of BLCA cells. In vivo, PLK1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Silencing PLK1 activated the Hippo pathway in BLCA cells and tumor tissues. The Hippo pathway inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effects of PLK1 silencing on malignant phenotype of BLCA cells. PLK1 knockdown exerts an inhibitory effect on BLCA via activating the Hippo pathway, which presents promising therapeutic strategies for BLCA. Show less
Sleep disorders show comorbidity with depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in ageing. However, the neuroimmunological role of sleep deprivation (SD) as possible inducer to these conditi Show more
Sleep disorders show comorbidity with depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in ageing. However, the neuroimmunological role of sleep deprivation (SD) as possible inducer to these conditions remains unknown. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) can improve depression and AD through anti-inflammation, up-regulating neurotrophins and normalizing neurotransmitters, while their therapeutic effects on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced changes in different ages requires investigation. Adult and old Fat-1 (converting n-6 to n-3 FAs) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to chronic SD. After behavioral evaluation, brain FAs, monoamine neurotransmitters, circadian-gene expression, TLR-4 signaling-pathway, glial polarization, cytokine profile, and AD-related markers were analyzed using GC-MS, HPLC, qPCR, ELISA and western-blotting. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis evaluated SD-related networking with depression and AD. SD induced anxiety, anhedonia, despair, and memory impairments. The n-3:n-6 ratio, BMAL-1 gene expression, and melatonin concentration were decreased, whereas corticosterone, TLR-4, GSK3β, and NFκB concentrations increased in SD groups compared to the controls. Increased IBA-1 protein expression and proinflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations were associated with decreased monoamine neuro-transmitter levels in SD groups. APP, BACE-1, RAGE and APPβ concentrations were increased, whereas LRP-1 and APPα concentrations and the APPα/APPβ ratio were decreased in SD groups than controls. These changes were more pronounced in old WT and Fat-1 animals than adults. However, compared to WT-SD, these changes were significantly ameliorated in Fat-1-SD mice, but recovery was less pronounced in old Fat-1. SD-induced neuroinflammation and impaired APP processing may contribute to behavioral impairments, which exacerbated with age. Although n-3 FAs significantly ameliorated SD-induced adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological changes, this therapeutic effect was markedly reduced in old animals. Show less
Liver and lung are the most common metastatic sites in colorectal cancer (CRC), where the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Understanding the Show more
Liver and lung are the most common metastatic sites in colorectal cancer (CRC), where the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Understanding the interactions between various types of cells in the TME can suggest innovative therapeutic strategies. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and clinical samples, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19, rodent FGF15) is found to mediate a significant interaction between CRC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activating the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-to-CAFs differentiation. In various CRC metastatic mouse models, it is shown that FGF15 has a more pronounced effect on liver metastasis compared to pulmonary metastasis. More importantly, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are also identified from the RNA-Seq dataset upon the activation of HSCs by FGF19 and compared the DEGs in matched primary and metastatic mRNA samples from patients with CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM), it is found that the ANGPTL4 gene is significantly associated with HSCs activation. Different mouse models also demonstrated the impact of the FGF19/ANGPTL4 axis on the severity of CRCLM. Importantly, disruption of this axis significantly inhibits CRCLM in vivo. This study is among the first to demonstrate the impact of the FGF19/ANGPTL4 axis on CRCLM, offering a novel therapeutic strategy. Show less
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) complexes with methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) play crucial roles in tumor progress. However, the regulatory mechanism of governing the PRMT5-MEP50 hetero-o Show more
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) complexes with methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) play crucial roles in tumor progress. However, the regulatory mechanism of governing the PRMT5-MEP50 hetero-octameric complex remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that C6orf223, to our knowledge an uncharacterized protein, facilitates PRMT5-MEP50 multiprotein complex assembling, thereby promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis. C6orf223 forms dimers through disulfide bonds, with its N-terminal arginine-enriched region binding to the C-terminal negatively charged groove of PRMT5, thus stabilizing PRMT5-MEP50 multiprotein and enhancing PRMT5 methyltransferase activity. Consequently, PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s substantially decreases the expression of the tumor suppressor GATA5, leading to the upregulation of multiple oncogenic target genes including WWTR1, FGFR1, and CLU. Targeting C6orf223 using siRNAs encapsulated in ferritin protein shells effectively suppresses CRC tumor growth and metastasis. Collectively, our findings characterize the role of C6orf223 in facilitating PRMT5-MEP50 hetero-octameric complex assembling and suggest that C6orf223 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Show less
Prior research has consistently demonstrated that higher levels of digital health literacy contribute positively to improved mental health outcomes and overall quality of life among patients. Neverthe Show more
Prior research has consistently demonstrated that higher levels of digital health literacy contribute positively to improved mental health outcomes and overall quality of life among patients. Nevertheless, the interplay between digital health literacy and the experience of perceived stigma-particularly among burn patients-remains underexplored, and the potential heterogeneity within this relationship has not been adequately addressed. This cross-sectional study, conducted from June to July 2025, recruited 534 burn patients (mean age 31.05 ± 9.52 years; 61.0% male) from three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Participants completed validated scales assessing digital health literacy, social support, appearance anxiety, perceived stigma, and demographics. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations, latent profile analysis (LPA) with fit indices, univariate analyses (chi-square tests and Digital health literacy was negatively correlated with perceived stigma ( This study confirms heterogeneity in digital health literacy and perceived stigma among burn patients, with social support and appearance anxiety as key influencers. Findings support targeted interventions to enhance digital health literacy and reduce perceived stigma, advancing precision psychological care for burn survivors. Show less
Lipokines are a class of lipid-derived signaling molecules, playing essential roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis and systemic metabolism. In this review, we first comprehensively describe six m Show more
Lipokines are a class of lipid-derived signaling molecules, playing essential roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis and systemic metabolism. In this review, we first comprehensively describe six major lipokines, including palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME), fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), focusing on their mechanistic roles in energy metabolism and inflammatory modulation as well as their cross-talk within different signaling pathways. These lipokines collectively contribute to metabolic homeostasis by regulating multiple pathways, including insulin signaling, AMPK activation, inflammatory modulation, and G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathways. Furthermore, we clarify the associations between lipokines and various diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory disorders, and cancer, and discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Despite current challenges, including functional complexity, limitations of model systems, and difficulties in clinical translation, lipokines demonstrate promising prospects in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and application in precision medicine. Future research should prioritize the elucidation of the specific action mechanisms of different lipokines, development of highly sensitive detection methodologies, and large-scale clinical trials to facilitate the translation of the research results into practical medical applications. Show less
Numerous studies have shown that exposure to cadmium [Cd(II)] contributes to the development of cancers in the lung and other organs. Cd(II) compounds are classified as confirmed human carcinogens; ho Show more
Numerous studies have shown that exposure to cadmium [Cd(II)] contributes to the development of cancers in the lung and other organs. Cd(II) compounds are classified as confirmed human carcinogens; however, the mechanisms underlying Cd(II)-induced carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been identified as an oncogene. In this study, we investigated the role of SNHG1 in the invasion and migration of Cd(II)-transformed cells. Our findings revealed that SNHG1 expression was significantly elevated in Cd(II)-transformed cells compared to their passage-matched normal BEAS-2B counterparts. Silencing SNHG1 reduced the invasive and migratory capacities of Cd(II)-transformed cells and inhibited malignant transformation induced by long-term Cd exposure. Notably, ectopic expression of SNHG1 alone in BEAS-2B cells was sufficient to drive malignant transformation and enhance invasion and migration, underscoring its oncogenic potential. SRY-box 2 (Sox2), a transcription factor implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, was found to be upregulated in Cd(II)-transformed cells, while SNHG1 knockdown led to decreased Sox2 protein levels. Similarly, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics linked to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, was also elevated in Cd(II)-transformed cells. Knockdown of SNHG1 reduced Rac1 protein levels, and Rac1 knockout significantly suppressed invasion and migration. Additionally, we observed increased expression of Slug, a key transcription factor invovlved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and decreased expression of its downstream target E-cadherin in Cd(II)-transformed cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that elevated SNHG1 promotes the expression of Sox2, Rac1, and Slug, thereby driving the invasive and migratory behavior of Cd(II)-transformed cells. Show less
As a vital component of the immune system, macrophages play a critical role in the progression of asthma. The two classic polarization states of macrophages, M1 and M2, exhibit distinct functions. M1- Show more
As a vital component of the immune system, macrophages play a critical role in the progression of asthma. The two classic polarization states of macrophages, M1 and M2, exhibit distinct functions. M1-polarized macrophages eliminate pathogens through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while M2-polarized macrophages secrete anti-inflammatory factors to facilitate tissue repair. However, in asthma, the activation of M1 macrophages is often associated with excessive inflammatory responses, whereas M2 macrophages contribute to airway remodeling and chronic inflammation. These processes collectively exacerbate airway inflammation and remodeling, thereby aggravating asthma symptoms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as crucial signaling molecules, have been shown to regulate macrophage polarization and promote both M1 and M2 polarization states. This review summarizes the primary endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS in asthma and elaborates on the mechanisms by which ROS influence M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. Endogenous ROS arise chiefly from NOX2, xanthine oxidase, peroxisomes and mitochondria, whereas ozone and fine particulate matter are major exogenous sources. ROS activate MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 cascades, boosting IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-27 release by M1 cells, while low NOX2 flux or mitochondrial H Show less
This study aims to investigate the roles of the EXT1 and FGFR3 genes in the development of osteochondromas, focusing specifically on their potential interactions in chondrocyte proliferation, differen Show more
This study aims to investigate the roles of the EXT1 and FGFR3 genes in the development of osteochondromas, focusing specifically on their potential interactions in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and tumor formation. In vitro, the ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cell line was used to examine the effects of inactivation of both EXT1 and FGFR3. In vivo, a mouse model with dual gene knockout of Ext1 and Fgfr3 was constructed to further explore these genes' roles in tumor formation by observing the incidence and distribution patterns of osteochondromas. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that ATDC5 cells with reduced expression of EXT1 and FGFR3 genes exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. In vivo, Fgfr3 The EXT1 and FGFR3 genes play crucial regulatory roles in the development of osteochondromas. Deficiencies in Ext1 and Fgfr3 can induce the formation of osteochondromas. Show less
Rotator cuff tear is the most common tendon injury. Currently, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is the primary method for diagnosing and treating rotator cuff tear. One of the major complicatio Show more
Rotator cuff tear is the most common tendon injury. Currently, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is the primary method for diagnosing and treating rotator cuff tear. One of the major complications following ARCR is retear. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between systemic lipid metabolism and retear occurrence after ARCR through a retrospective analysis of postoperative patients. This retrospective study reviewed consecutive patients of a single surgeon who underwent ARCR from January 2021 to January 2022. Eligibility for inclusion required complete sequential follow-up data, encompassing preoperative laboratory tests and a series of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Exclusion criteria included patients with incomplete laboratory tests, a history of tumors, prior shoulder surgeries, isolated subscapularis tendon tears, the rotator cuff related muscles are not clearly or completely displayed in MRI, absence of follow-up MRI, or those under treatment with lipid-lowering medications. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify preoperative factors associated with retear, with statistical significance adjudged at P < .05. From the initial cohort of 400 patients who underwent ARCR during the study period, 202 met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were subsequently divided into a training group (n = 122) and a test group (n = 80), maintaining a ratio of 6:4. Statistical analysis revealed significant risk factors for post-ARCR retear including high body mass index (>27.1; odds ratio (OR): 5.994, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.762-13.980; P = .042), subscapularis muscle fatty infiltration of Grades 3 and 4 (OR: 8.509, 95%CI: 3.811-17.702; P = .009), serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels exceeding 1.4 g/L (OR: 9.658, 95%CI: 3.520-21.753; P = .028), and an ApoB/A1 ratio greater than 1.8 (OR: 5.098, 95%CI: 1.787-10.496; P = .016). Conversely, the serum high-density lipoprotein level above 1.2 mmol/L (OR: -3.342, 95%CI: -7.466 to 0.659; P = .039) served as a protective factor. The model incorporating these 5 factors predicted retear with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 98.0% (area under the curve = 0.924, accuracy = 90.3%). Moreover, a new model comprising 3 lipid metabolism-related factors including high-density lipoprotein, ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio showed a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 83.2% (area under the curve = 0.866, accuracy = 85.8%) for predicting retear after ARCR. A predictive model utilizing key systemic lipid metabolism markers including HDL, ApoB, and the ApoB/A1 ratio, demonstrates effective forecasting of retear incidence following ARCR. Show less
To identify latent profiles of demoralization among older adults with disabilities, analyze their influencing factors, and examine their associations with active aging. From February to July 2025, a c Show more
To identify latent profiles of demoralization among older adults with disabilities, analyze their influencing factors, and examine their associations with active aging. From February to July 2025, a convenience sample of 411 older adults with disabilities was recruited from a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province, China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Demoralization Scale, and the Active Aging Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed based on demoralization subscale scores. Univariate and multinominal analyses were employed to investigate the influencing factors, and the Kruskal-Wallis The prevalence of demoralization syndrome was 49.1%. LPA identified three distinct profiles: the Well-Adapted Group (53.3%), the Disheartened-Helpless Group (23.8%), and the Fully Demoralized Group (22.9%). The Kruskal-Wallis Nearly half of the older adults with disabilities experienced demoralization, with heterogeneous subgroups identified. The active aging status of demoralized subgroups requires urgent attention. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions tailored to the characteristics of each profile to improve mental health and promote active aging in this population. Show less