To investigate the mechanisms underlying sevoflurane-induced POCD, C57BL/6 J mice and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with sevoflurane for model establishment. After the treatment with sevoflurane, CCK-8, Show more
To investigate the mechanisms underlying sevoflurane-induced POCD, C57BL/6 J mice and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with sevoflurane for model establishment. After the treatment with sevoflurane, CCK-8, EdU and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell damage. The levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), METTL14 and DUSP6 were determined by qPCR and Western blot. The interaction between METTL14 and DUSP6 was analyzed using RIP-qPCR and Me-RIP methodologies. The cognitive function in mice were assessed by water maze test. After sevoflurane treatment, the cell viability, cell proliferation and METTL14 expression were markedly suppressed, while apoptosis was significantly enhanced. METTL14 overexpression elevated the levels of m6A and DUSP6, increased the binding level of METTL14 to DUSP6 mRNA, reducing damage to cells and cognitive dysfunction of mice. Knockdown of DUSP6 negated the beneficial effects observed with METTL14 overexpression. Sevoflurane induced POCD by regulating METTL14/DUSP6 through m6A methylation. Show less
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins Show more
The Kirgiz, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a rich nomadic heritage, represent a pivotal population for understanding human migration and adaptation in Central Asia. However, their genetic origins and admixture history remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive genomic study of Kirgiz populations from Xinjiang, China (XJ.KGZ, n = 36) and their counterparts in Kyrgyzstan (KRG), integrating genome-wide data of 2,406 global individuals. Our analyses reveal four primary ancestry components in XJ.KGZ: East Asian (41.7%), Siberian (25.6%), West Eurasian (25.2%), and South Asian (7.6%). Despite close genetic affinity (FST = 0.13%), XJ.KGZ and KRG diverged ∼447 years ago, with limited gene flow post-split. A two-wave admixture model elucidates their demographic history: an initial East-West Eurasian mixture ∼2,225 years ago, likely reflecting west-east contacts during the period of the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty, followed by secondary admixture events (∼875 to 425 years ago) linked to historical migrations under Mongol and post-Mongol rule. Local adaptation signatures implicate genes critical for cellular tight junction (e.g. PATJ), pathogen invasion (e.g. OR14I1), and cardiac functions (e.g. RYR2) with allele frequency deviations suggesting ancestry-specific selection. While no classical high-altitude adaptation genes (e.g. EPAS1) showed selection signals, RYR2 and C10orf67-implicated in hypoxia response in Tibetan fauna-displayed Western ancestry bias, hinting at convergent adaptation mechanisms. This study advances our understanding of the genetic makeup and admixture history of the Kirgiz people and provides novel insights into human dispersal in Central Asia. Show less
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. A major pathological feature of AD is the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ), primarily driven by β-secretase (BACE1) activity. However, the me Show more
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. A major pathological feature of AD is the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ), primarily driven by β-secretase (BACE1) activity. However, the mechanisms underlying continuous Aβ accumulation remain unclear. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a crucial role in AD progression. Here, we investigate whether circulating EVs in AD promote Aβ generation and aggregation. In this study, we found that compared to WTEVs (circulating EVs isolated from WT mice), APPEVs (circulating EVs isolated from APP/PS1 mice) showed higher concentrations and activated the JAK2-STAT1 pathway in neurons, upregulating BACE1 expression and activity. This cascade promoted amyloid precursor protein (APP) β-cleavage in lipid rafts, inducing substantial Aβ generation. Proteomic analysis revealed complement C1q in APPEVs as a key protein activating the JAK2-STAT1-BACE1 pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that intravenously injected APPEVs crossed the blood-brain barrier without damaged the epithelial tight junction, promoting BACE1 expression in neurons, and enhancing Aβ production and aggregation in brain. Inhibition of C1q mitigated these effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, during the progression of AD, circulating EVs containing complement C1q are delivered to neurons, activating their JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway. This activation upregulates the expression of BACE1, subsequently enhancing the β-cleavage of APP in lipid rafts. These events lead to a substantial increase in Aβ production, exacerbating the pathological progression of AD. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-025-03528-x. Show less
Injectable hydrogel implants represent a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic heart failure; but their efficacy is often limited by low bioactivity, poor durability, and inadequate injection te Show more
Injectable hydrogel implants represent a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic heart failure; but their efficacy is often limited by low bioactivity, poor durability, and inadequate injection techniques. Herein, a unique hydrogel incorporating extracellular matrix from fish swim bladder (FSB-ECM), which has distinct advantages over mammalian derived ECM, such as low antigenicity, bioactivity, and source safety, is developed. It consists of collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, including 13 proteins common in the myocardial matrix and three specific proteins: HSPG, Col12a1, and vWF. This hydrogel enhances cardiac cell adhesion and stretching while promoting angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, its storage modulus (G') increases over time, reaching about 1000 Pa after 5 min, which facilitates transcatheter delivery and in situ gelling. Furthermore, this hydrogel provides sustained support for cardiac contractions, exhibiting superior longevity. In a rat model of ischemic heart failure, the ejection fraction significantly improves with FSB-ECM treatment, accompanied by increased angiogenesis, reduced inflammation, and decreased infarct size. Finally, RNA sequencing combined with in vitro assays identifies ANGPTL4 as a key protein involved in mediating the effects of FSB-ECM treatment. Overall, this new injectable hydrogel based on FSB-ECM is suitable for transcatheter delivery and possesses remarkable reparative capabilities for treating heart failure. Show less
Symptom burden in primary brain tumor patients varies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding to improve patient care. This study aims to identify distinct symptom clusters among brain t Show more
Symptom burden in primary brain tumor patients varies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding to improve patient care. This study aims to identify distinct symptom clusters among brain tumor patients in Shanghai, China, using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to guide personalized diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care. A longitudinal study was conducted among 161 patients with primary brain tumors in Shanghai. Participants completed the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) at three intervals: the day of admission (T1), three days after surgery (T2), and two weeks after surgery (T3). Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups with unique symptom patterns. Six distinct subgroups were identified (entropy = 0.964), ranging from low-burden to persistently severe patterns. Subgroup membership was partially associated with age, tumor grade, and diagnosis. These subgroups were: transient postoperative burden group, stable symptom with cognitive emergence group, distress-predominant, low burden group, elderly-high grade, persistently severe group, nausea-dominant recovery group, and distress-plus-nausea, younger urban group. Our findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in perioperative symptom experiences among brain tumor patients. Identifying subgroups with high and persistent symptom burden may help clinicians target interventions such as enhanced education, proactive monitoring, rehabilitation, psychological support, and antiemetic management. This subgroup-based approach may improve quality of life, reduce morbidity, and guide precision supportive care in neuro-oncology. Show less
Podocyte injury is central to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis, however, the mechanisms underlying podocyte loss remain unclear. Emerging evidence underscores the involvement of fibroblast g Show more
Podocyte injury is central to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis, however, the mechanisms underlying podocyte loss remain unclear. Emerging evidence underscores the involvement of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in renal pathophysiology. Here we reveal a previously unappreciated role of podocyte-secreted FGF4 in safeguarding renal function. FGF4 expression is downregulated in renal tissues from DKD patients and animal models, correlating with disease severity. Podocyte-specific deletion of Fgf4 exacerbated podocyte loss and accelerated DKD progression in mice. Conversely, treatment with recombinant FGF4 (rFGF4) improved glomerular filtration and reduced renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic male mice. These effects are primary mediated by activating the FGFR1-AMPK-FOXO1 signaling cascade in podocytes, which mitigates oxidative stress, suppresses apoptosis, and fosters podocyte survival. Notably, rFGF4 also restores the morphology and function of human podocytes exposed to high glucose. Our findings establish FGF4 as a critical regulator of podocyte homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target for DKD. Show less
Macrophage-like phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial mechanism driving atherogenesis. Inhibition of a phenotype switch to macrophage-like cells is a promising strat Show more
Macrophage-like phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial mechanism driving atherogenesis. Inhibition of a phenotype switch to macrophage-like cells is a promising strategy to prevent atherosclerosis (AS), and targeted nanotherapeutics represent one approach for implementing this strategy. To this end, we designed immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotide A151 functionalized selenium nanoparticles with a spearhead LacNAc (LN-A151-SeNPs) that target macrophage-like VSMCs. Nano characterization showed that the uniformity and stability of nanoparticles were optimized by modification with LacNAc and A151, resulting in an average diameter of 88.90 ± 1.45 nm, Zeta potentials of -21.1 ± 1.5 mV, a A151:Se molar ratio of 1:60 and mass ratio of 1.68:1. The effects of LN-A151-SeNPs on inhibiting VSMCs phenotype switching and attenuation of AS were investigated using [Image: see text] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-025-03925-7. Show less
The early, precise, and safe management of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VAPs) remains a formidable clinical challenge. Here, we present a targeted nanotherapeutic approach in which osteopontin- Show more
The early, precise, and safe management of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VAPs) remains a formidable clinical challenge. Here, we present a targeted nanotherapeutic approach in which osteopontin-targeted nanoparticles encapsulate luteolin (NPs-Lut) for the precise delivery and treatment of VAPs. This engineered system enables site-specific accumulation and sustained release of luteolin at plaque sites. We innovatively constructed an osteopontin-targeted drug delivery system designed for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, in which luteolin and atorvastatin were successfully encapsulated. The system demonstrated sustained-release capability in vitro, and its biosafety and histocompatibility were comprehensively evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, therapeutic efficacy was further assessed in ApoE In vivo evaluation in ApoE This work provides a robust and translationally promising nanoplatform for the precision treatment of VAPs, offering a novel strategy for safe and effective intervention in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Show less
R-loop is a common chromatin feature consisting of a displaced single-stranded DNA and an RNA-DNA hybrid, and dysregulation of R-loop surveillance results in genomic and transcriptomic instability. Al Show more
R-loop is a common chromatin feature consisting of a displaced single-stranded DNA and an RNA-DNA hybrid, and dysregulation of R-loop surveillance results in genomic and transcriptomic instability. Although the RNA moiety of most R-loops originates from linear transcripts, circular RNAs (circRNAs), outputs from back-splicing, can also hybridize with the complementary strand of a DNA duplex. However, how circRNA-associated R-loops (ciR-loops) are monitored remains elusive. Here, we identify the DEAD-box RNA helicase Brr2 as an evolutionarily-conserved ciR-loop repressor with dual roles in inhibiting circRNA generation and resolving harmful ciR-loops. Accumulation of ciR-loops caused by loss-of-function of this dual-action factor induces antisense transcription and premature transcription termination for many genes and generates significant DNA damage, which further leads to a series of defects in DNA replication, cell division and cell proliferation. We propose that functional integration of multilayered regulation by a single protein can be an efficient double protection against genome instability. Show less
The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between the ApoB/ApoA ratio and the recurrence of kidney stones in a Chinese adult population. We collected electronic records of patients wit Show more
The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between the ApoB/ApoA ratio and the recurrence of kidney stones in a Chinese adult population. We collected electronic records of patients with kidney stones who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from March 2016 to March 2022. These patients were followed up and categorized into groups based on the recurrence of kidney stones. Parameters related to routine blood and biochemical tests, as well as the history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were gathered. Multiple imputation was applied for missing data. Subsequently, differences between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups were assessed using the chi-square test, independent samples t test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and propensity-matched analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationship between the ApoB/ApoA ratio and kidney stone recurrence. The study included a total of 923 participants aged > 18 years, among whom 296 experienced kidney stone recurrence during the follow-up period. An elevated ApoB/ApoA ratio was identified as a risk factor for kidney stone recurrence (adjusted OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.04, 5.92). Propensity-matched analyses further supported the association, showing that elevated ApoB/ApoA ratios were linked to a higher risk of renal stone recurrence (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.24-9.17). The dose-response curve illustrated a positive linear correlation between the ApoB/ApoA ratio and the risk of kidney stone recurrence. Increased ApoB/ApoA ratios are positively correlated with the risk of kidney stone recurrence. This association remains significant, although a causal relationship cannot be definitively established. Show less
Cattle body size measurements constitute the conformation traits that facilitate their production, fertility, and longevity status. Prioritizing functional variants and causal genes of conformation tr Show more
Cattle body size measurements constitute the conformation traits that facilitate their production, fertility, and longevity status. Prioritizing functional variants and causal genes of conformation traits is essential for understanding their genetic basis. In this study, we conducted single-trait and multitrait GWAS for 20 body conformation traits using imputed sequence data in 7,674 Chinese Holstein individuals and identified 27 QTL regions. Leveraging these QTL regions, we performed multitrait Bayesian fine-mapping to identify 30 independent credible sets of putative causal variants. Incorporating GWAS and cis-acting expression QTL data, Mendelian randomization was used to infer 153 putative causal gene-trait relationships. The previously reported genes, such as CCND2, TMTC2, and NRG3, were confirmed in our study. Of note, several novel candidate causal genes were also identified, such as C1R, RIMS1, SERPINB8, NETO2, TTYH3, TTC3, ANAPC4, and PSMD13. Our results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of body conformation traits in cattle. Show less
Xiaolei Song, Chenchen Wang, Qin Ding+8 more · 2025 · Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The vicious circle between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) overgeneration and microglial dysfunction is an important path Show more
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The vicious circle between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) overgeneration and microglial dysfunction is an important pathological event that promotes AD progression. However, therapeutic strategies toward only Aβ or microglial modulation still have many problems. Herein, inspired by the Aβ transportation, an Aβ-derived peptide (CKLVFFAED) engineered biomimetic nanodelivery system (MK@PC-R NPs) is reported for realizing BBB penetration and reprogram neuron and microglia in AD lesion sites. This hollow mesoporous Prussian blue-based MK@PC-R NPs carrying curcumin and miRNA-124 can down-regulate β secretase expression, thereby inhibiting Aβ production and reducing Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, MK@PC-R NPs with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could normalize the microglial phenotype and promote Aβ degradation, providing neuroprotection. As expected, after treatment with MK@PC-R NPs, the Aβ burdens, neuron damages, neuroinflammation, and memory deficits of transgenic AD mice (APP/PS1 mice) are significantly attenuated. Overall, this biomimetic nanodelivery system with anti-Aβ and anti-inflammatory properties provides a promising strategy for the multi-target therapy of early AD. Show less
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a unique experimental platform to Show more
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a unique experimental platform to advance our understanding of PD etiology by enabling the generation of disease-relevant cell types carrying patient mutations along with isogenic control cells. To facilitate this approach, we generated a collection of 65 human stem cell lines genetically engineered to harbor high risk or causal variants in genes associated with PD ( Show less
Accelerated population aging and rising incidence of bone defects have intensified the need for advanced bone regeneration strategies. While tissue-engineered scaffolds fabricated via 3D printing offe Show more
Accelerated population aging and rising incidence of bone defects have intensified the need for advanced bone regeneration strategies. While tissue-engineered scaffolds fabricated via 3D printing offer promising alternatives to conventional grafts, most techniques fail to replicate the multi-scale fibrous architecture of native bone extracellular matrix, limiting their biofunctionality. To address this, we developed a hybrid manufacturing strategy integrating low-temperature thermally induced phase separation with extrusion-based 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds. By optimizing solvent ratios (THF: DMF = 3:1) and freezing temperatures (-196 °C-4 °C), we produced scaffolds with tunable micro-nano fibrous surfaces and macroporous structures. Key findings revealed that scaffolds processed at -196 °C (PLA-196) exhibited the highest porosity (pore size: 6.01 ± 2.06 μm), superior hydrophilicity, and enhanced compressive modulus. These scaffolds significantly promoted BMSC adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation via activation of Show less
Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (SA-ALI), a critical complication of sepsis, is characterized by immune dysregulation-induced pulmonary dysfunction. Shenmai Injection (SMI) is a standardized herba Show more
Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (SA-ALI), a critical complication of sepsis, is characterized by immune dysregulation-induced pulmonary dysfunction. Shenmai Injection (SMI) is a standardized herbal preparation consisting of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Hongshen) and Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl (Maidong), traditionally used for qi-replenishing, collapse-stabilizing, and lung-moistening therapy. Although clinically utilized in the management of SA-ALI, the specific mechanisms by which it acts against SA-ALI necessitate further investigation. The present study endeavors to comprehensively determine the therapeutic efficacy of SMI against SA-ALI through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, metabolomics, metagenomic sequencing, and experimental validation. In this study, murine SA-ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C). Results indicated that SMI administration significantly attenuated pulmonary inflammation, restored blood-gas barrier integrity, reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed NF-κB pathway activation in SA-ALI mice. Network pharmacology elucidated the multi-targeted mechanism of SMI in modulating steroid hormone biosynthesis. Integrated metabolomics and target analysis revealed that ophiopogonin A/B and luteolin in SMI alleviates metabolic dysregulation by targeting key enzymes, including AKR1C3, HSD17B1/2, and SULT1E1. Metagenomic profiling demonstrated SMI-mediated gut microbiota remodeling, marked by suppression of pathogenic Chlamydiaceae (particularly Chlamydia abortus) and enrichment of commensal Lactobacillaceae. Correlation analysis showed that intestinal androstenedione and androsterone levels during SMI treatment recovery were negatively correlated with Chlamydia abortus abundance. In conclusion, SMI enhances the recovery from sepsis-associated SA-ALI by dual modulation of gut microbial ecology and host metabolic homeostasis, thereby establishing its potential as a multi-mechanistic therapeutic candidate for sepsis-related organ injury. Show less
This study evaluated the protective effects of naringin (NG) against intestinal injury in 7-day-old piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Eighteen piglets (Duroc × Landrace × L Show more
This study evaluated the protective effects of naringin (NG) against intestinal injury in 7-day-old piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Eighteen piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large, body weight = 2.58 ± 0.05 kg) were divided into three treatment groups based on similar body weights and equal numbers of males and females: the blank control group (CON group), the PEDV infection group (PEDV group), and the NG intervention + PEDV infection group (NG + PEDV group) ( Show less
Spontaneous Achilles tendon rupture (SATR) predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals with chronic injuries. However, the exact cause and mechanism of SATR remain elusive, and potential Show more
Spontaneous Achilles tendon rupture (SATR) predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals with chronic injuries. However, the exact cause and mechanism of SATR remain elusive, and potential therapeutic intervention or prevention is still insufficient. The present study aimed to uncover the key pathological molecules by using iTRAQ proteomics. The results identified 2432 candidate proteins in SATR patients using iTRAQ proteomic analysis. A total of 307 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and linked to 211 KEGG signaling pathways including Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), focal adhesion, and ribosomes. GO enrichment analysis highlighted significant enrichment in processes such as biological adhesion, ossification, lipid (APOA4) processes, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization (collagen). PPI network analysis identified hub genes such as serum albumin (ALB), fibronectin (FN1), and actin cytoplasmic 1. The WB analysis confirmed that FN1 and the receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1) were downregulated in the SATR tendon. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that collagen I and III were suppressed, while collagen II and APOA4 expression were higher in the SATR pathological tissue ( Show less
B cells express many protein ligands, yet their regulatory functions are incompletely understood. We profiled ligand expression across murine B sublineage cells, including those activated by defined r Show more
B cells express many protein ligands, yet their regulatory functions are incompletely understood. We profiled ligand expression across murine B sublineage cells, including those activated by defined receptor signals, and assessed their regulatory capacities and specificities through in silico analysis of ligand-receptor interactions. Consequently, we identified a B cell subset that expressed cytokine interleukin-27 (IL-27) and chemokine CXCL10. Through the IL-27-IL-27 receptor interaction, these IL-27/CXCL10-producing B cells targeted CD40-activated B cells in vitro and, upon induction by immunization and viral infection, optimized antibody responses and antiviral immunity in vivo. Also present in breast cancer tumors and retained there through CXCL10-CXCR3 interaction-mediated self-targeting, these cells promoted B cell PD-L1 expression and immune evasion. Mechanistically, Show less
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases affecting women. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a critical role in various pathological processes, however, its precise mechanism in BC r Show more
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases affecting women. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a critical role in various pathological processes, however, its precise mechanism in BC remains unclear. This study aimed to identify prognostic genes linked to Cyt c in BC and explore their underlying mechanisms. Transcriptome data related to BC were initially obtained from TCGA and GEO database. Prognostic genes were identified through differential expression analysis, univariate Cox regression, and LASSO analysis. A risk model was subsequently developed and validated. Additionally, enrichment analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, and the construction of a TFs-mRNA network were conducted. Finally, the expression levels of prognostic genes were examined in both tumor and normal tissue samples, with confirmation through RT-qPCR. Eight prognostic genes ( Show less
This study aimed to develop and apply a novel computational pipeline combining SELFormer, a transformer architecture-based chemical language model, with advanced deep learning techniques to predict na Show more
This study aimed to develop and apply a novel computational pipeline combining SELFormer, a transformer architecture-based chemical language model, with advanced deep learning techniques to predict natural compounds (NCs) with potential in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. The NCs were identified based on activity related to seven AD-specific genes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and presenilin-1 (PSEN1). We implemented a computational pipeline using SELFormer and deep learning techniques, conducted optimal clustering and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses, and performed a uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) to categorize compounds based on bioactivity levels. Molecular docking analysis was carried out on selected compounds. To validate the computational predictions, we conducted in vitro studies using nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Finally, we mapped the relationships between food sources containing the identified compounds and their target proteins. Optimal clustering analysis revealed five distinct groups of NCs, while QSAR analysis highlighted variations in molecular properties across clusters. The UMAP projection identified 17 highly active NCs (pIC This integrated computational and experimental approach offers a promising framework for identifying potential NCs for AD treatment. The results contribute to exploring effective therapeutic strategies against AD. Show less
To investigate the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and develop a nomogram prediction model. This study inclu Show more
To investigate the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and develop a nomogram prediction model. This study included 394 patients with MAFLD who underwent coronary angiography at The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between December 2019 and December 2024. The study cohort was divided in a 7:3 ratio into training and validation sets comprising 277 and 117 cases, respectively. The training group was further divided into the MAFLD-only ( Of the 394 MAFLD cases, 313 had CHD-related complications. Of the 277 patients in the training set, 220 had CHD, and of the 117 patients in the validation set, 93 had CHD. LASSO regression analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with the risk of CHD: sex, lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cell count (WBC), glycated triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and atherosclerosis index (AIP). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, Lp(a), WBC, TyG, and AIP were independent risk factors for CHD in MAFLD cases. A nomogram was constructed and an ROC curve was plotted, based on which the optimal cutoff value was determined as 0.698. The area under the curve of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts was 0.860 (95% CI = 0.807-0.913) and 0.843 (95% CI = 0.757-0.929), respectively. Calibration curves for CHD risk probability showed good agreement between the nomogram's predicted probabilities and the observed event rates. DCA demonstrated the net clinical benefit of the constructed nomogram. Sex, Lp(a), WBC, TyG, and AIP emerged as independent risk factors for CHD in patients with MAFLD and the nomogram prediction model constructed using these factors could effectively predict CHD occurrence. Show less
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited heart condition. Traditional genetic testing is typically conducted on the proband only, with family members undergoing Sanger sequencing, which Show more
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited heart condition. Traditional genetic testing is typically conducted on the proband only, with family members undergoing Sanger sequencing, which may overlook other pathogenic variants. This study explores the gene sequencing strategy in a three-generation family based on genetic carrier status and examines the relationship between phenotypic characteristics and genotype. High-throughput second-generation sequencing was performed on the proband to analyze HCM-related pathogenic genes. Subsequently, the identified pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing in the proband and family members. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic assessments were conducted for family members. Second-generation sequencing of the proband (III7) revealed a pathogenic variant MYBPC3-P453Lfs. Initially, no HCM-related pathogenic variants were detected in another patient (III11), prompting additional sequencing of III11, which identified the MYH7-G823E pathogenic variant. Both patients had severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Sanger sequencing showed that five family members carried both mutations. Among them, three died suddenly before age 40, one required an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for arrhythmias, and one developed HCM before adulthood. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients carrying both mutations showed myocardial fibrosis of 32.75%, significantly higher than the 6.98% observed in patients carrying only one mutation. In families with varying HCM phenotypes, second-generation sequencing should be considered for all members. In this family, carrying one variant led to outflow tract obstruction, while carrying both variants resulted in severe disease, including sudden death and early onset. Cardiac MRI is crucial for assessing the severity of the disease within the family. Show less
Recent researches highlight the interdependence of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk with the background inflammatory burden. This study aimed to investigate whether syst Show more
Recent researches highlight the interdependence of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk with the background inflammatory burden. This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation modulates Lp(a)-associated coronary stenosis in chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). A total of 1513 participants undergoing angiography at a tertiary cardiology center in China were included in our retrospective, cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized into normal, mild, and severe groups based on the Gensini Scores, which quantitatively assess stenosis severity. Multinomial logistic models were calculated according to accompanying systemic inflammation concentration. Participants with elevated Lp(a) levels had a high coronary stenosis risk: fully adjusted model odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for the mild vs. normal and severe vs. normal groups were 1.47 (1.11-1.96) and 1.68 (1.21-2.33). Notably, the strongest Lp(a)-coronary stenosis associations after multi-variable adjustment persisted only in low inflammation concentration [systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) < 0.64)] [mild vs. normal, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.17-3.54, Elevated Lp(a) correlates with coronary stenosis only in low inflammation concentration. Considering systemic inflammation in personalized Lp(a)-lowering therapies is more conducive for CCS managements. Show less
To investigate the influence of MEK5/ERK5 pathway on mitophagy in osteosarcoma (OS), as well as the involved molecular mechanisms. The overlapped genes of mitophagy-related genes from MSigDB database Show more
To investigate the influence of MEK5/ERK5 pathway on mitophagy in osteosarcoma (OS), as well as the involved molecular mechanisms. The overlapped genes of mitophagy-related genes from MSigDB database and DEGs between metastatic and primary OS groups from GSE32981 were identified. GSVA of mitophagy-related pathways between the metastatic and primary groups were analyzed. The relationships between Nur77 and mitophagy-related pathways, prognosis, immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets were investigated. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were utilized to assess the expression levels of MEK5, ERK5, Nur77, PINK1, and Parkin. Cellular behaviors and mitochondrial potential were evaluated via CCK-8, Transwell assay and JC-1 staining. Total 4 overlapped genes were obtained as mitophagy-related DEGs, including GABARAPL1, HIF1A, PINK1, and RB1CC1. The activity scores of 3 mitophagy-related pathways exhibited significant differences between metastatic and primary groups. Importantly, Nur77 was significantly negatively correlated with a mitophagy-related pathway (GOBP MITOPHAGY: R = - 0.48, P = 0.02). The Nur77 expression in metastatic group was remarkedly higher than that in the primary group (P < 0.001). Patients with high Nur77 expression had poor prognosis, with AUC values all above 0.615 in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival. In addition, Nur77 was closely related to numerous immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, activated mast cells and M0 macrophages, and immune response gene sets chemokines and cytokines (all P < 0.05). In addition, MEK5/ERK5 pathway is activated in OS, and Nur77 is overexpressed in OS, and MEK5/ERK pathway promotes Nur77 expression, tumorigenesis and mitochondrial function in U2OS cells. Cytosporone B implement significantly increased the tumorigenesis of U2OS cells in sh-MEK5 group, and inhibited the weaken in mitochondrial membrane potential caused by MEK5 downregulation, and reversed the protein levels of mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin in sh-MEK5 group. MEK5-ERK5 pathway mediates mitophagy by regulating Nur77 to promote tumorigenesis of OS cells. These findings offered promising therapeutic targets for OS. Show less
To clarify the anatomical characteristics of the lateral plantar ligament (LPL) of the transverse metatarsal arch (TMA) in the population of southwest Shandong Province, so as to complement the anatom Show more
To clarify the anatomical characteristics of the lateral plantar ligament (LPL) of the transverse metatarsal arch (TMA) in the population of southwest Shandong Province, so as to complement the anatomical structures of the midfoot and Lisfranc joint complexes. A total of 100 adult lower limbs were dissected and the types of LPL were divided according to their insertions, among them, 63 were (63%) and 37 were female (37%); 50 were on the left side (50%) and 50 were on the right side (50%). The fiber bundle length, origin width, insertion width, and thickness of the LPL were measured. (1) According to the insertions of the LPL, they were divided into: ① Type I, the LPL was inserted at the base of the second metatarsal (M2) in 47 cases; ② Type II, the LPL was inserted at the base of M2 and fused with tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) in 16 cases; ③ Type III, the LPL was absent in 16 cases; ④ Type IV, the LPL was inserted at TPT in 6 cases; ⑤ Type V, the LPL was inserted at the intermediate cuneiform (IC) in 1 case; ⑥ Type VI, bifid LPL with one bundle inserted at the base of M2, and the other bundle inserted at the medial cuneiform (MC) in 4 cases; ⑦ Type VII, two bundles of LPL inserted at the base of M2 in 8 cases; ⑧ Type VIII, the LPL consisted of 3 bundles; the distal, middle and proximal bundles was inserted at the base of M2, the TPT and the lateral side of navicular bone in 2 cases, respectively. (2) There was a statistical significance in the length of LPL between male (31.62 ± 3.83) mm and female (28.07 ± 3.46) mm (t=-3.050, P = 0.003). There was no statistical significance in the types of LPL between male and female (Z=-1.721, P > 0.05), and no statistical significance in the types between left and right sides (Z=-0.026, P > 0.05). According to our research, LPL originates from M5 and is divided into 8 types according to its insertion location, of which insertion at the base of M2 is the most common. In addition, we found that LPL has fibrous fusion with the long plantar ligament and the TPT, which may be involved in maintaining arch stability. The classification of LPL in this study is a supplement to the anatomical structure of the middle foot and Lisfranc joint complex, providing a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of middle foot and arch injury in the future. Show less