Lipofilling is a widely used technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery, but its long-term success is often limited by unpredictable fat graft resorption. Optimizing the adipogenic environment th Show more
Lipofilling is a widely used technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery, but its long-term success is often limited by unpredictable fat graft resorption. Optimizing the adipogenic environment through bioactive factors may enhance graft survival and volume retention. This study investigates the adipogenic potential of Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum (HPS) and Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP), in comparison to normal serum (NS). Cytokine profiles of HPS, PRP, and NS from 10 donors were analyzed. Human preadipocytes (n = 3) were cultured with low (10%) and high (40%) concentrations of these secretomes. Proliferation, cytotoxicity (LDH assay), lipid droplet formation (Oil Red O staining), and gene expression (qPCR) of adipogenic markers (PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, FABP4, Adiponectin, LPL) were assessed after 2 and 4 days. HPS contained significantly higher levels of Adiponectin, IGF-1, bFGF, VEGF-A, and PDGF-BB compared with PRP and NS, while Leptin was lower in HPS and PRP than in NS. All conditions increased proliferation on day 4, with the highest cell counts in NS-40%. No treatment-related cytotoxicity was observed. HPS-40% induced the strongest adipogenic differentiation, evidenced by increased lipid droplet formation and upregulation of all measured adipogenic genes by day 4. These findings suggest that HPS enhance the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of preadipocytes. Validation in Show less
Epithionitriles can be main glucosinolate hydrolysis products in Brassica vegetables such as cabbage or pak choi. Here, for the first time, the bioavailability and metabolism of longer-chain epithioni Show more
Epithionitriles can be main glucosinolate hydrolysis products in Brassica vegetables such as cabbage or pak choi. Here, for the first time, the bioavailability and metabolism of longer-chain epithionitriles (C4-C5) is studied in a human intervention study. After consumption of a white cabbage or pak choi sprouts beverage, rich in either 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (CETP) or 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane (CETB) and 1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane (CETPent), blood and urine samples of nine participants are taken and the metabolites are analyzed. The corresponding N-acetyl-S-(cyano-(methylthio)alkyl)-l-cysteine metabolites are identified and quantified by isotope dilution method using UHPLC-TOF-MS. The standards for N-acetyl-S-(cyano-(methylthio)alkyl)-l-cysteine metabolites from CETB and CETPent are synthesized for the first time and their structure confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to the metabolites of CETP and CETPent, the expected metabolite of CETB is not detectable. The recoveries of the CETP and CETPent metabolites are 28 ± 9% for CETP and 12 ± 3% for CETPent in urine within 24 h. CETP and CETPent are quickly uptaken, metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway, and excreted via urine, while for CETB the corresponding metabolite is not detectable. Therefore, an additional metabolization pathway seems to exist. Show less