👤 Mustafa Can Guler

Since breast milk provides essential nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as adipokines and growth factors, which are indispensable for neonatal growth and metabolic regulation, this review seeks to elucidate the differences in these bioactive components between preterm and term breast milk and to evaluate their potential influence on neonatal development. Adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, and visfatin, alongside growth factors including epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, exhibit variable concentrations in preterm versus term milk. Preterm milk generally contains higher levels, potentially reflecting an adaptive response to support accelerated growth. However, findings are inconsistent across studies, likely due to differences in study design, timing of milk collection, analytical methods, and variability in maternal characteristics. Variations in bioactive component profiles between preterm and term milk suggest compensatory mechanisms in preterm lactation. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify these relationships and to elucidate the long-term effects of breast milk adipokines and growth factors on preterm infant growth and metabolic programming. Show less

This study investigates the genetic and clinical characteristics of hyperlipidemia in patients from Eastern Anatolia. A retrospective cohort of 205 patients (aged 3-71) underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify genetic variations in lipid metabolism genes (LDLR, APOB and LPL), which were then correlated with the patients' clinical data. Patients with obesity or chronic diseases were excluded. The LDLR c.1729T > C variant was detected in 12 patients. Severe hypertriglyceridemia was observed in patients with homozygous variants in GPIHBP1 and LPL. Elevated triglyceride levels have also been observed to be associated with variants such as APOA5 c.70C > T, thus highlighting their role in lipid metabolism. Phenotypic variation was observed based on the type of genetic variant and its zygosity. The study emphasizes the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and genetic abnormalities, underscoring potential ramifications for personalized treatment strategies. The report calls for the incorporation of genetic screening into clinical practice with a view to improving diagnostics and outcomes, and it emphasizes the necessity for further research to achieve a full understanding of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and their associated phenotypes. Show less

Tumor suppressors are well known drivers of cancer invasion and metastasis in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). However, oncogenes are also known to be altered in this state, however the frequency and prognosis of these alterations are unclear. Thus, we aimed to study the spectrum of oncogene mutations in mCSPC and study the significance of these alteration on outcomes. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients with mCSPC were included who underwent next generation sequencing. Oncogene alterations were defined as mutations in A total of 477 patients were included with baseline characteristics with 117 patients (24.5%) harbored a mutation within an oncogene. A total of 172 oncogene mutations were found within the population with the most common being Oncogenes are frequency mutated in mCSPC and associated with aggressive features and inferior outcomes. Future work will need to validate these results to better assess its significance in allowing for personalization of care. Show less