Sakiko Rikimaru, Kayoko Nakao-Kuroishi, Kaori Kometani-Gunjigake+5 more · 2025 · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24
Orthodontic treatment enables tooth movement through bone remodeling. The effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) in response to mechanical stim Show more
Orthodontic treatment enables tooth movement through bone remodeling. The effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) in response to mechanical stimulation that occurs during orthodontic treatment remain unexplained. We investigated the effects of FGF2 and mechanical stress on HPdLF differentiation, focusing on cementoblast differentiation. The effects of FGF2 and mechanical stress (applied for 24 hours using a centrifuge) on HPdLFs were evaluated. Changes in marker levels were assessed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the effect of FGF2 treatment on HPdLF mineralization was assessed after 3 and 5 weeks using Alizarin red S staining (BMK-R009: Bio Future Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). Treatment of HPdLFs with 20 ng/mL FGF2 increased the expression of CEMP1 and RUNX2 but did not significantly alter the expression of FGF2, FGFR1, and FGFR2. In HPdLFs exposed to mechanical stress, expression of FGFR1 and OCN was increased, whereas that of FGF2, CEMP1, CAP, GLUT1, ALP, and OPN was reduced considerably. Treatment of mechanically-stressed HPdLFs with FGF2 did not change FGF2 expression, but expression of FGFR1, CEMP1, CAP, and GLUT1 increased significantly. In addition, FGFR1 was significantly upregulated at the protein level, whereas cementoblast differentiation markers showed an upward trend. Mineralization showed no changes at 3 weeks. However, at 5 weeks, considerable mineralization was observed in mechanically-stressed cells continuously exposed to FGF2. Mechanical stress increases FGFR1 expression in HPdLFs. FGF2 promotes the differentiation of mechanical-stressed HPdLFs into cementoblasts and their mineralization. Show less
Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene are responsible for several severe forms of craniosynostotic disorders, such as Apert and Crouzon syndromes. Patients with craniosynos Show more
Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene are responsible for several severe forms of craniosynostotic disorders, such as Apert and Crouzon syndromes. Patients with craniosynostotic disorders caused by a mutation in Fgfr2 present with several clinical symptoms, including hypersalivation. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of Apert syndrome (Fgfr2 Fgfr2 The number of ducts and acini in Fgfr2 These results suggested that increased FGFR1 signaling and apoptosis in the submandibular glands of Fgfr2 Show less