Marine macroalgae are increasingly recognized as sources of bioactive compounds with potential benefits for metabolic health. This study investigated the chemical composition and metabolic effects of Show more
Marine macroalgae are increasingly recognized as sources of bioactive compounds with potential benefits for metabolic health. This study investigated the chemical composition and metabolic effects of a 70% ethanol extract of the edible red alga Show less
The repeated failure of amyloid therapies highlights a core misunderstanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) origins. A new metabolic paradigm now positions impaired brain metabolism-not protein accumulat Show more
The repeated failure of amyloid therapies highlights a core misunderstanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) origins. A new metabolic paradigm now positions impaired brain metabolism-not protein accumulation-as the central, early driver. Key evidence shows cerebral glucose hypometabolism emerges decades before symptoms, linked to brain insulin resistance ("type 3 diabetes") and mitochondrial dysfunction. The APOE ε4 allele worsens lipid defects thereby, accelerating the progression of AD pathology. These disruptions-alongside gut-brain axis issues-create a self-reinforcing cycle that fuels amyloid β (Aβ), tau, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss. This framework integrates with the neuron-centric model, explaining disease heterogeneity and the inadequacy of single-target drugs. This review particularly highlights the metabolic perspective in AD, underscoring the need for a radical therapeutic shift: from late stage protein clearance strategies to early, multimodal interventions that restore metabolic homeostasis and disrupt the entire pathogenic continuum. Show less