Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is increasingly explored as a non-invasive neuromodulatory approach capable of inducing long-lasting plasticity with potential therapeutic value in age-rela Show more
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is increasingly explored as a non-invasive neuromodulatory approach capable of inducing long-lasting plasticity with potential therapeutic value in age-related neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying iTBS protocols remain largely unknown, limiting its further therapeutic development. Here, we investigated the behavioral, structural, synaptic, and calcium-dependent effects of a 7-day iTBS600 protocol using a combination of Prolonged iTBS did not alter general locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, or short-term recognition memory, indicating preserved baseline behavioral function. Despite the absence of behavioral changes, prolonged iTBS induced robust structural plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons, increasing total spine density and selectively enhancing the proportion of thin, learning spines. Synaptosomal analysis revealed upregulation of GluN1 and GluN2A, elevated BDNF levels, and activation of downstream Akt, ERK1/2, and mTOR pathways. Prolonged iTBS also enhanced perineuronal net formation around PV Together, these findings indicate that prolonged iTBS drives coordinated structural, synaptic, and Ca Show less
Andreja Vukasovic, Durdica Grbesa, Tamara Nikuseva Martic+5 more · 2015 · The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · added 2026-04-24
The aim of this study was to investigate the protein glycosylation pattern and AXIN1 protein expression in human placentae of normal pregnancies and compare them with placentae of pregnancies complica Show more
The aim of this study was to investigate the protein glycosylation pattern and AXIN1 protein expression in human placentae of normal pregnancies and compare them with placentae of pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A total of 38 placentae (17 placentae of IUGR fetuses from singleton pregnancies and gestational age-matched 21 control placentae from normal singleton pregnancies) were collected from the Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zagreb, Croatia. Gestational age was determined according to the last menstrual period (LMP) and by ultrasound measurements. Expression of glycoproteins was measured by Western blotting with SNA, UEA-I, PHA-E and DBA lectins as probes whereas expression of AXIN1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of detected sugars revealed differences in protein glycosylation between normal and IUGR placentae. Higher expression of AXIN1 protein located mostly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast and to a lesser extent in its nuclei was found in IUGR placentae. Results of our study suggest that changes in glycoprotein content may contribute to restricted placenta growth and development. Higher expression of AXIN1 protein in IUGR placentae indicates a role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pathology of placental development. Show less