👤 Göran Walldius

Hypercholesterolemia and other dyslipidemias are common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and development of atherosclerosis. International guidelines recommend LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB under some conditions for clinical use in evaluating risk of CVD. In part 2 of this review, newer risk factor data for apoA-1, and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio is presented for atherosclerotic plaques, HDL-C versus apoA-1, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and metastases. Compared to conventional lipids, these apolipoproteins add strong clinical risk information for these CVD disorders and for a range of other diseases. Prospective studies, reviews, meta-analyses, case control, nested-case, and therapeutic studies are analyzed. Searches were conducted with Google and in PubMed, and CVD journals for peer-reviewed publications. In part 1 of this review, newer risk factor data for apoA-1 and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio are presented for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes, and other CVD manifestations of atherosclerosis. Strong associations between apoB, apoA-1 and especially the apoB/apoA-1 ratio and development of atherosclerosis-related risk of multiple CVD diseases have been documented world-wide. These data indicate that the balance, i.e. the Show less

Hypercholesterolemia and other dyslipidemias are common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and development of atherosclerosis. International guidelines recommend LDL-C, non-HDL-C and apoB under some conditions for clinical use in evaluating risk of CVD. In part 1 of this review newer risk factor data for apoA-1, and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio is presented for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes and other CVD manifestations of atherosclerosis. Compared to conventional lipids, these apolipoproteins add strong clinical risk information for these CVD disorders and for a range of other diseases. Prospective studies, reviews, meta-analyses, case control, nested-case and therapeutic studies are analyzed. Searches were conducted with Google and in PubMed, and CVD journals for peer-reviewed publications. In part 2 of this review newer risk factor data for apoA-1, and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio is presented for atherosclerotic plaques, HDL-C versus apoA-1, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and metastases. Associations between apoB, apoA-1 and especially the apoB/apoA-1 ratio and development of atherosclerosis related risk of multiple CVD diseases have been documented world-wide. This data indicates that the balance, i.e. the ratio between the atherogenic apoB and the protective apoA-1, significantly improves risk evaluation and prediction of CVD, hence calling for an update of guidelines. Show less

Previous studies have investigated the role of metabolic factors in risk of hematological malignancies with contradicting findings. Existing studies are generally limited by potential concern of reverse causality and confounding by inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of glucose, lipid, and apolipoprotein biomarkers with the risk of hematological malignancy. We performed a study of over 560,000 individuals of the Swedish AMORIS cohort, with measurements of biomarkers for carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolism during 1985-1996 and follow-up until 2020. We conducted a prospective cohort study and used Cox models to investigate the association of nine different metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA I), and ApoB/ApoA-I) with risk of hematological malignancy, after excluding the first five years of follow-up and adjustment for inflammatory biomarkers. We observed a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with one SD increase of TC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.96), LDL-C (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.97), HDL-C (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.99), and ApoA-I (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.996). Our study highlights a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with a higher level of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and ApoA-I. Show less