Regulation of mRNA translation is essential for cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer, neurodegeneration, and developmental disorders. Stress granules are cytosolic condens Show more
Regulation of mRNA translation is essential for cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer, neurodegeneration, and developmental disorders. Stress granules are cytosolic condensates that form during stress-induced translation arrest and are enriched in mRNAs, translation factors, and RNA-binding proteins, but how stress granule proteins modulate translation remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the stress granule components Proline-Rich Coiled-Coil A, B, and C (PRRC2 proteins) as translation regulators. PRRC2 proteins are large, intrinsically disordered paralogs conserved across jawed vertebrates. Functional proteomics revealed that all PRRC2 proteins associate with the 48S translation initiation complex (PIC), whereas PRRC2B additionally interacts with nuclear proteins. Under stress, the proximal interaction network of PRRC2 proteins undergoes dynamic remodeling, including increased interactions with the stress granule scaffold G3BP1. Genetic perturbation shows that the PRRC2 proteins influence stress granule assembly in a context-specific manner, and are collectively required for cell growth in basal conditions due to their essential role in translation. Cells with reduced PRRC2 proteins exhibit a significant reduction in the abundance of more than half of the proteome, with a bias toward translational targets of eIF3d and eIF4G2. Interaction domain mapping and AlphaFold3 modeling revealed that an α helix within the putative coiled-coil domain of PRRC2C mediates interactions with the eIF3 core complex. This modeling places the PRRC2C α helix in a previously unassigned region of a published cryo-EM density map, validating the protein interaction and the mechanistic role of PRRC2C in translation control. Together, these findings establish PRRC2 proteins as components of the translation initiation machinery that regulate translation through their interactions with the eIF3 complex and other components of the 48S PIC factors, providing a direct mechanistic link between stress granule proteins and translational control. Show less
Atherosclerotic plaque instability is a direct cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted liposome (LIP), modified with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) to en Show more
Atherosclerotic plaque instability is a direct cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted liposome (LIP), modified with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) to enable specific mitochondrial delivery, was innovatively constructed to encapsulate a PCSK9 inhibitor (TPP-LIP@PCSK9). The aim was to explore a novel strategy for stabilizing plaques by restoring mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Characterization results showed that TPP-LIP@PCSK9 possesses favorable nano-characteristics, and its targeting capability was confirmed through mitochondrial co-localization experiments. In an Apoe Show less
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system. Rab35 is widely recognized as an oncogenic driver and has been implicated in the progression of various malignant t Show more
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system. Rab35 is widely recognized as an oncogenic driver and has been implicated in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, its regulatory mechanism and pathobiological roles in EC remain unclear. Rab35 expression in EC was systematically profiled via integrative analysis of clinical endometrial specimens and multi-omics databases (CPTAC and GEO). The association between clinical prognosis and Rab35 expression was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Mechanistic investigations included transwell assays, western blotting, and immunofluorescence in Rab35-overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Rab35-knockout EC cells. A mouse xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effects of Rab35 in vivo. The Rab35 content increased gradually from normal endometrium to atypical hyperplastic endometrium to EC. Moreover, the findings indicated that elevated Rab35 expression was significantly associated with advanced disease characteristics and poor overall survival in patients with EC. In addition, Rab35 enhanced the migratory and invasive nature of EC cells. The expression of Rab35 was inversely linked to that of the β-catenin destruction complex-related proteins Axin-1 and GSK3β, leading to the increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin in EC cells. Animal experiments further verified that Rab35 augmented EC progression by regulating the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. The study revealed that high expression of Rab35 was strongly correlated with EC progression and a poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, Rab35 promoted EC cell metastasis by accelerating the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. These findings suggest that Rab35 serves as a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for EC. Show less
Ningying Zhou, Feng Zhang, Min Liu+4 more · 2026 · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · Taylor & Francis · added 2026-04-24
Inadequate childbirth readiness can adversely affect the birthing experience of pregnant women and may even influence their willingness to have further children. This study aimed to explore the determ Show more
Inadequate childbirth readiness can adversely affect the birthing experience of pregnant women and may even influence their willingness to have further children. This study aimed to explore the determinants of childbirth readiness and the network relationships among these factors, thereby providing evidence to improve childbirth readiness. This cross-sectional study surveyed 350 pregnant women attending Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was first performed using the four domains of the Childbirth Readiness Scale to identify subgroups of childbirth readiness, and potential associated factors were then screened using univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression. A Bayesian network model was employed to construct the structural relationships of factors influencing childbirth readiness. Childbirth readiness was categorised into three levels: poor (26%), good (30.9%), and complete (43.1%). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences across the three categories in relation to age, parity, pregnancy complications, antenatal exercise, planned pregnancy, self-efficacy, eHealth literacy, fear of childbirth, and family support ( Previous studies on childbirth readiness have mainly relied on regression models, which are unable to elucidate the intrinsic interconnections among influencing factors. By constructing a Bayesian model, this study demonstrated that women with high self-efficacy, no fear of childbirth, high eHealth literacy, and multiparity had the highest probability of achieving complete childbirth readiness (83.3%). Show less
Physical activity (PA) is an important non-pharmacological intervention that can slow the progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Unfortunately, PA levels in older adults with COP Show more
Physical activity (PA) is an important non-pharmacological intervention that can slow the progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Unfortunately, PA levels in older adults with COPD remain low, and there is substantial heterogeneity within this population. Therefore, identifying potential subgroups is essential for developing targeted interventions. The purpose of this study is to identify latent profiles of PA, and explore the associated factors to inform personalized interventions for this population. This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to March 2025 at a tertiary hospital and four community health service centers in the Changning District of Shanghai. The revised International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long (IPAQ-L) was utilized to assess PA and sedentary behavior. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to classify the subgroups, followed by multinomial logistic regression to explore influencing factors. A total of 423 older adults with COPD (male N = 383; aged 60-89) were included in this study. LPA identified three distinct PA profiles, named the "moderate activity-moderate sedentary-low barrier (C1) group", the "low activity-high sedentary-high barrier (C2) group", and the "high activity-low sedentary-moderate barrier (C3) group". The factors were significantly associated with PA, including Body Mass Index (BMI), disease duration, number of hospitalizations, GOLD stage, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise social support (p < 0.05). LPA identified three subgroups of PA in older adults with COPD. The results of this research will facilitate targeted interventions for each of the identified subgroups with distinct characteristics, thereby enhancing the management of COPD and reducing healthcare burdens. Show less
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) provide more than 70% of the energy source for the ruminants. Understanding the host-microbiota regulation of VFAs production and utilization is highly important for optimi Show more
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) provide more than 70% of the energy source for the ruminants. Understanding the host-microbiota regulation of VFAs production and utilization is highly important for optimizing the feed energy utilization efficiency of ruminants. Here, we conducted whole-genome resequencing, rumen transcriptome sequencing, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and VFA concentration determination in 530 Holstein bulls. We treated VFA concentrations as complex traits to perform multi-omics association analyses. The host genetics, rumen microbiota, and rumen expressed genes, on average, explained 23%, 58%, and 61% of the variations in VFAs with the same diet, respectively. We found that the rumen microbial composition and community structure differed significantly between the high and low VFA individuals. We further identified 11 microbes with potential causal relationships with rumen VFAs via the Mendelian randomization method, among which Bacteroidales_RF16_group, Prevotella, Clostridia_UCG-014, and [Eubacterium]_ventriosum_group were positively correlated with acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Conversely, rumen epithelial genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (e.g., HSD17B4, ACADVL, ACADL, CPT1A, and ANGPTL4) were negatively correlated with the main VFAs and VFA-producing bacteria. These candidate microbes and genes suggest that the host-microbe coregulating mechanism facilitates the efficient production and utilization of rumen VFAs in ruminants. Our study provides a comprehensive perspective on the complex dynamic regulatory patterns of rumen VFAs, highlighting the crucial role of host-microbe interactions in optimizing the feed utilization of ruminants. Show less
Xi-Yu Zhao, Zhen-Qi Wu, Tian-Yu Zhang+4 more · 2026 · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica · added 2026-04-24
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Epidemiological surveys show that the Show more
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of ADHD in children is gradually increasing worldwide, and it is the most common childhood mental disorder in China. Because of the complex clinical symptoms, multiple co-morbidities, and unknown etiology, ADHD has far-reaching negative impacts on individuals, families, and the society. Behavioral interventions, as a pillar in the management of ADHD, play a targeted role in improving children's social functioning, with significant benefits supported by evidence. However, they are constrained by uneven resources, poor compliance, and insufficient continuity, Western medicine has multiple adverse effects and unclear long-term effects in the treatment of ADHD despite the definite efficacy. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective therapies suitable for children. With a holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has significant advantages in treating ADHD via multiple targets, which involves dopamine(DA), norepinephrine(NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and other signaling pathways. Through these pathways, TCM can treat ADHD through the regulation of neurotransmitters, enhancement of prefrontal and striatal functions, enhancement of neuronal protection, attenuation of neuroinflammation, and reduction of neuronal apoptosis. However, a systematic study remains to be conducted. This paper summarizes the signaling pathways related to the treatment of ADHD by TCM in the past two decades, aiming to provide reference for delving into the mechanism and exploring effective TCM prescriptions for ADHD in children and to give full play to the advantages of the efficacy and characteristics of TCM. Show less
DUSP6, a dual-specificity phosphatase, has become a focal point in understanding the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. This study aims to investigate the role of DUSP6 in liver fibrosis and exp Show more
DUSP6, a dual-specificity phosphatase, has become a focal point in understanding the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. This study aims to investigate the role of DUSP6 in liver fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanism. Using a CCL4-induced mouse model, the consistent upregulation of DUSP6 expression was observed. Notably, when Dusp6 was knocked down, liver fibrosis showed significant improvement, revealing a protective effect intricately linked to the ERK pathway. This was accompanied by an increase in ferroptosis-related proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4, underscoring the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, in this process. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed a crucial downregulation of Cyp2e1 following Dusp6 knockdown. In vitro, DUSP6 knockdown not only promoted ERK phosphorylation but also suppressed CYP2E1 expression, enhancing cell proliferation, bolstering hepatocyte resistance to ferroptosis, and alleviating hepatocyte injury. Importantly, inhibiting CYP2E1 in mouse models of liver fibrosis effectively slowed the progression. These findings illuminate a critical regulatory mechanism that DUSP6 regulates liver fibrosis via targeting ferroptosis, offering new a direction for therapeutic strategies in liver disease. Show less
The global prevalence and incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), including its progressive form metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are steadil Show more
The global prevalence and incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), including its progressive form metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are steadily rising, making them the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. However, therapeutic options for MAFLD are currently limited. Glucolipid dysregulation drives MAFLD pathogenesis through intertwined glucose metabolic imbalance and lipid accumulation. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are particularly prone to developing MASH and are at a higher risk of progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The coexistence of MAFLD and T2DM correlates with clinical prognosis and elevates the risk of extrahepatic complications. Given the close association between MAFLD and T2DM, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), which have been approved for the treatment of T2DM and obesity, were the first to be investigated in patients with MAFLD/MASH. Recently, beyond GLP-1RAs, novel combination agents integrating glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) and/or glucagon receptor (GCR) agonists have also been explored. A large number of phase II randomized clinical trials have demonstrated significant improvements in body weight, insulin resistance, and liver parameters. Thus, GLP-1RAs and dual/triple agonists are promising for MAFLD/MASH, especially in those with obesity or T2DM. This study explores mechanisms and clinical evidence of incretin-based therapies for MAFLD by targeting its core pathogenesis-glucolipid disorders. With growing evidence, it also forecasts the broad clinical prospects on MAFLD treatment. Show less
Li Zhang, Yuting Wang, Wei Min Gao+8 more · 2026 · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · Elsevier · added 2026-04-24
Coronary restenosis remains a major challenge following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), necessitating the development of effective stent-eluting drugs. Previous studies indicate that scutell Show more
Coronary restenosis remains a major challenge following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), necessitating the development of effective stent-eluting drugs. Previous studies indicate that scutellarin protects vascular endothelial cells and exhibits anti-thrombotic and anti-platelet effects. Notably, our prior research demonstrated that scutellarin specifically counteracts oxidative stress-driven endothelial dysfunction, a key initiating event in restenosis. This combined evidence strongly suggests its potential against in-stent restenosis (ISR). Therefore, this study explores the efficacy of scutellarin in preventing ISR after PCI. We investigated scutellarin, derived from Erigeron breviscapus, for its potential to prevent ISR following PCI. The efficacy and mechanism of scutellarin were evaluated using both in vivo and in vitro models. An experimental atherosclerosis model was established in APOE In APOE This study establishes the efficacy of scutellarin in mitigating ISR using two complementary in vivo models. Scutellarin-eluting stents in atherosclerotic minipigs overcome translational barriers through full interventional simulation. Furthermore, scutellarin inhibits VSMCs proliferation, migration and promotes autophagy-coordinated apoptosis by the coordinated downregulation of both the Pl3K/AKT and lKKs/NF-κB cascades.These findings highlight scutellarin as a promising candidate for next-generation bioactive stent coatings, bridging phytopharmacology and precision interventional cardiology. Show less
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) arises from genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins, resulting in major structural abnormalities and limited treatment options. Patients with HCM had reduced expressi Show more
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) arises from genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins, resulting in major structural abnormalities and limited treatment options. Patients with HCM had reduced expression of the FGF12 (fibroblast growth factor 12), but its precise functional role remains unclear. To explore FGF12's function and interactions, we utilized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 technology in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells-induced cardiomyocytes, as well as in other cell lines and mouse models (MYH7 First, we observed a decrease in FGF12 expression and a difference in its subcellular localization in patients with HCM compared with healthy volunteers. In hypertrophic mouse models, injecting adeno-associated virus 9 reduced myocardial hypertrophy. FGF12 binds to calmodulin and inhibits its phosphorylation. This interaction also suppresses the expression and phosphorylation of downstream proteins, including CaMKII, ERK1/2, CREB1, and MCU. The nuclear-localization FGF12 binds to the promoter region of CREB1. FGF12 inhibits the expression of the CREB1-MCU axis expression, leading to reductions in both mitochondrial Ca This study reveals a pathological mechanism associated with HCM linked to FGF12. FGF12, located outside the nucleus, suppresses the expression of metabolism-related genes by reducing the phosphorylation levels within the calmodulin-ERK1/2-CREB1-MCU axis. In contrast, the nuclear localization of FGF12 facilitates its binding to the promoter regions of CREB1, inhibiting CREB1 expression. This dual action maintains cardiomyocyte function and mitochondrial homeostasis. Our findings position FGF12 as a promising therapeutic target for HCM. Show less
The objective of our investigation was to explore the features of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the concentrations of gut metabolites in relation to white matter injury (WMI). Furthermore, we sought to Show more
The objective of our investigation was to explore the features of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the concentrations of gut metabolites in relation to white matter injury (WMI). Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the influence of gut dysbiosis on neuroinflammation in WMI via intestinal metabolites, and its contribution to pathogenesis. A cerebral hypoxia-ischemia-induced WMI model was established in 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were undertaken to ascertain WMI biomarkers. Mechanistic experiments were used to analyse activation of the H3K9ac/BDNF/TrkB pathway and neuroinflammation. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing disclosed gut microbiota dysbiosis in WMI rats, quantified using linear discriminant analysis effect size. Overall, 341 differentially expressed metabolic markers between the WMI and Sham groups were discovered. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes network enhancement evaluation revealed significant downregulation of 20 metabolic processes in the WMI group, which is strongly related to changes in fecal microbial metabolites, and the synthesis process of unsaturated fatty acids was the most significant. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence WMI by downregulating metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Fecal microbiota transplantation increased EPA concentration in the brain tissue of WMI rats. Gut microbiota-derived EPA promoted H3K9ac and BDNF/TrkB expression and inhibited the transcription of pro-inflammatory TNF- WMI induces gut dysbiosis involving down-regulation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation leads to increased levels of EPA. Gut microbiota-derived EPA increases levels of acetylated histone H3K9ac, causes activation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway, reduces neuroinflammation, and improves WMI-associated myelination disorders. It provides a basis for targeted treatment of white matter injury in the future. Show less
Neuroplasticity is the core process by which the brain responds to aging, learning, and injury. Reporting positive non-pharmacological intervention approaches to promote neural plasticity is a core fo Show more
Neuroplasticity is the core process by which the brain responds to aging, learning, and injury. Reporting positive non-pharmacological intervention approaches to promote neural plasticity is a core focus of contemporary neuroscience and rehabilitation medicine. Tai Chi (TC), as a traditional Chinese physical and mental practice that deeply combines soothing body movements, breathing regulation, and spiritual focus, is increasingly attracting attention from the scientific community for its role in facilitating brain health. Our review seeks to combine recent evidence, elucidate how TC promotes neural plasticity via multi-level mechanisms, discuss its advantages in promoting cognitive, motor, and emotional functions, and investigate its clinical utilization prospects and future research challenges in neurorehabilitation. According to reviewing recent literature, we combined evidence from cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with a center on citing research findings utilizing multimodal neuroimaging techniques (such as fMRI, fNIRS, EEG) and molecular biology techniques to construct a complete chain of evidence from molecules to systems. TC drives multi-level neural plasticity modifications via its unique physical and mental combination properties. At the macro level, it can enhance the gray matter volume of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and promote the organizational effectiveness of large-scale functional networks in the brain. At the micro molecular level, TC establishes a favorable microenvironment for neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neural repair by upregulating BDNF, increasing endogenous antioxidant defense, modulating inflammatory balance, and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism. These structural, functional, and molecular level changes collectively form the neurobiological basis for TC to promote memory and executive function, increase balance and motor management, and promote emotional regulation ability. Our review further assesses the clinical effectiveness of TC in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, and mild cognitive impairment, determining that it not only decreases symptoms, but may also have the possible role to decrease disease development. Ultimately, our review delve into the challenges and future perspectives experienced by this range in the context of standardization of research paradigms, causal reasoning of mechanisms, and individualized interventions. Show less
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent typical chronic inflammation disease characterised by lipid deposition, immune cell infiltration and inflammatory response in the arterial intima. The long-term tre Show more
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent typical chronic inflammation disease characterised by lipid deposition, immune cell infiltration and inflammatory response in the arterial intima. The long-term treatments of the existing drugs suffered safety concerns. Show less
This study aims to evaluate the association between multiple lipid indices and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Show more
This study aims to evaluate the association between multiple lipid indices and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This was a cross-sectional retrospective study involving 421 patients with STEMI who underwent coronary angiography between January 2022 and December 2024. Participants were categorized into a poor CCC group (Rentrop grade 0-1) and a good CCC group (Rentrop grade 2-3) according to Rentrop grading criteria. The following lipid parameters were evaluated as both continuous and categorical variables: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), non-HDL-C/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and lipoprotein composite index (LCI). The associations between these lipid indices and CCC status were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HDL-C quartiles were significantly associated with reduced odds of poor CCC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.544, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.351-0.771, P < 0.05), whereas elevated LDL-C (OR: 29.299, 95% CI: 3.562-240.976, P < 0.05), non-HDL-C (OR: 50.140, 95% CI: 5.408-464.834, P < 0.01), and non-HDL-C/HDL-C (OR: 4.510, 95% CI: 1.186-25.368, P < 0.05) quartiles were significantly associated with increased odds of poor CCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that LDL-C (cutoff: 3.265, AUC: 0.647, 95% CI: 0.573-0.721, P < 0.001), non-HDL-C (cutoff: 2.735, AUC: 0.752, 95% CI: 0.688-0.816, P < 0.001), and non-HDL-C/HDL-C (cutoff: 2.393, AUC: 0.686, 95% CI: 0.611-0.761, P < 0.001) exhibited favorable predictive performance for poor CCC. Stratification analysis showed that the highest prevalence of poor CCC was observed in patients with concurrently elevated levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C. Several lipid indices-including LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio-are significantly associated with impaired CCC in patients with STEMI. Notably, non-HDL-C exhibits the strongest association with CCC dyscrasia and therefore warrants early clinical attention. Show less
Phytate (phytic acid, or InsP6), the primary phosphorus storage compound in plants, plays essential roles in nutrient homeostasis and cellular signaling. However, its strong metal-chelating properties Show more
Phytate (phytic acid, or InsP6), the primary phosphorus storage compound in plants, plays essential roles in nutrient homeostasis and cellular signaling. However, its strong metal-chelating properties make cytosolic accumulation cytotoxic, necessitating its sequestration into vacuoles for safe storage. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of the rice vacuolar phytate transporter, OsMRP5, captured in distinct functional states. These structures reveal the molecular basis of OsMRP5 function as an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. OsMRP5 employs a specialized substrate-recognition mechanism, uniquely adapted to bind the fully hydrophilic InsP6 through extensive electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions within two distinct, highly polar binding sites in its central cavity. A distinctive electropositive tunnel, positioned above the central cavity, forms a continuous pathway connecting the InsP6-binding pocket to the vacuolar export site. This tunnel likely generates an electrostatic attraction that facilitates the movement of the highly anionic InsP6 through the transporter. By mapping mutations from low-phytic acid (lpa) crop variants onto the OsMRP5 structures, we pinpoint their conserved locations critical for transporter function and validate their impact experimentally. These results reveal how OsMRP5 recognizes and transports the highly charged InsP6 molecules into vacuoles, providing a molecular framework for targeted manipulation of this agriculturally important transporter. Show less
Chronic pain, marked by nociceptive sensitization and maladaptive neuroplasticity, affects 30% of the global population with escalating socioeconomic burdens. Epidemiological data show a 2-3-fold incr Show more
Chronic pain, marked by nociceptive sensitization and maladaptive neuroplasticity, affects 30% of the global population with escalating socioeconomic burdens. Epidemiological data show a 2-3-fold increase in neuropsychiatric co-morbidities among individuals with chronic pain, where epigenetic dysregulation serves as a key mechanism linking ongoing pain to emotional disorders. This review systematically explores epigenetic signatures in supraspinal integration hubs, notably the limbic-paralimbic networks and prefrontal regulatory circuits. The identified epigenetic signatures encompass dysregulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), RNA modifications, histone post-translational modifications and locus-specific alterations, including aberrant methylation at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), opioid μ receptor and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) gene loci. Additionally, they involve dysfunction of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)/corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) axis via epigenetic modulation. Building on these findings, we evaluate therapeutic strategies addressing epigenetic dysregulation. While preclinical data demonstrate the efficacy of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNMT inhibitors, clinical translation faces significant barriers, including limited blood-brain barrier permeability. Notably, our analysis highlights the benefits of combining pharmacological interventions with non-invasive neuromodulation for enhanced co-morbidity management. Looking forward, this review proposes innovative approaches that leverage CRISPR-based chromatin editing platforms, biomimetic nanocarriers for neuron-specific delivery and closed-loop neuromodulation integrating real-time biomarker feedback, collectively establishing a precision medicine framework for pain or neuropsychiatric co-morbidities. Show less
Validate the clinical utility of exosome cargo (miRNAs/proteins) and NLRP3/BDNF as key regulatory molecules for acupuncture-mediated spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. From the establishment of the da Show more
Validate the clinical utility of exosome cargo (miRNAs/proteins) and NLRP3/BDNF as key regulatory molecules for acupuncture-mediated spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. From the establishment of the database to May 2025, a literature search was conducted on PubMed, and Embase, using keywords ["exosome cargo" or "exosome"], ["acupuncture" or "acupuncture and moxibustion" or "electroacupuncture" or "EA"], ["spinal cord injury" or "SCI"], ["immune regulation"], ["inflammatory reaction"], ["neuroregeneration" or "nerve"]. Including peer-reviewed studies on human/animal models, articles that do not meet the requirements are excluded. Preclinically, MSC-exosomal miR-145-5p suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signaling, reducing spinal IL-1β by 47% in SD rats. Schwann cell-exosomal MFG-E8 activated SOCS3/STAT3, increasing M2 macrophage CD206 by 63% and raising rat BBB scores by 3.8 points; Treg-exosomal miR-2861 upregulated tight junction proteins (occludin/ZO-1) to repair the blood-spinal cord barrier. Acupuncture (EA at GV14/GV4) upregulated spinal BDNF by 72% and NGF by 58% via Wnt/β-catenin, while EA at GV6/GV9 downregulated NLRP3 by 42-58% and TNF-α by 35-47%. Clinically, EA at EX-B2 increased ASIA scores by 3.2±1.1 points (Guo et al). Besides, 5x/week EA improved ASIA vs 3x/week (+6.4 points). EA+exercise reduced MAS by 1.6-2.9 points, with outcomes correlated to peripheral NLRP3 reduction, BDNF elevation, and MBI/WISCIII increases. Exosome cargo (miR-145-5p/MFG-E8) and NLRP3/BDNF are key regulatory molecules underlying acupuncture-mediated SCI recovery. However, limitations (small RCT samples, heterogeneous acupuncture protocols, unstandardized exosome isolation) hinder translation. Future work should focus on standardized biomarker detection, exosome engineering, and large-scale clinical trials. Show less
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed de Show more
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 signaling induce tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, but most patients with NSCLC exhibit resistance to ICIs therapy. NSCLC shapes the potent tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) that underlies tumor immune tolerance and acquired resistance. Therefore, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which NSCLC establishes and sustains the TIME is essential for developing novel strategies to overcome immune resistance and enhance the clinical benefit of ICIs. The correlation between sterile alpha motif domain and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) expression and ICIs was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Cell migration assay was performed to assess the effect of SAMHD1 on macrophage recruitment. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of SAMHD1 knockdown on the tumor microenvironment. SAMHD1 regulation of the dual specificity phosphatase 6-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (DUSP6-ERK1/2) pathway was verified by RNA sequencing and western blotting. Here, we identify the SAMHD1 as a potential therapeutic target and a major determinant of poor response to ICIs in patients with NSCLC. Tumors with high SAMHD1 expression show resistance to anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) treatment, whereas tumors with low SAMHD1 expression are highly sensitive. SAMHD1-dependent resistance to αPD-1 is characterized by increased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and reduced CD8+T cell numbers. Mechanistically, SAMHD1 regulates the expression of macrophage-associated chemokines by influencing the activation of the DUSP6-ERK1/2 pathway, which contributes to TAMs aggregation within NSCLC tumors to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The HIV accessory protein viral protein-x (VPX) specifically degrades SAMHD1 to promote HIV replication. Similarly, the vpx-engineered oncolytic adenovirus (oAd-vpx) targets SAMDH1 degradation to enhance oncolytic adenovirus replication and weaken the hostile immune microenvironment shaped by TAMs, thereby triggering a CD8+T-cell-dependent antitumor immune response. The combination of oAd-vpx and αPD-1 inhibits tumor growth and enhances sensitivity to ICIs in both mouse and human NSCLC. This research identifies a key mechanism of SAMHD1-driven immunosuppression and highlights its important role in oncolytic adenovirus therapy. This study provides a theoretical basis for targeting SAMHD1 as a drug therapy strategy in patients with NSCLC. Show less
To explore the associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity patterns and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), CVD-cause mortality, and all-cause mortality in people with osteoarthritis (OA) Show more
To explore the associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity patterns and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), CVD-cause mortality, and all-cause mortality in people with osteoarthritis (OA). OA participants from the UK biobank with ≥36 h of accelerometer data, collected over one-week, were analyzed. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) patterns were classified as: 'weekend warriors' (≥150 min/week, >50% on 1-2 days), active regular (>150 min/week), or inactive (<150 min/week). Mean min per week of light physical activity (LPA) were categorized into quartiles based on the distribution in the analytical sample. Among 10 210 study participants (mean age 58.1 ± 7.1 years; 64.5% female) followed for a median of 6.9 years, there were 1,538 incident cases of CVD, and 358 deaths, including 90 from CVD. Compared with inactive MVPA, both weekend warrior (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR (95% CIs); 0.73 (0.64-0.82)) and active regular MVPA (0.75 (0.65-0.87)) significantly lowered the risks of incident CVD. Notably, only the weekend warrior group showed significant reductions in CVD-cause mortality (0.55, 0.33-0.92), and all-cause mortality (0.75 (0.59-0.96)). Higher levels of LPA may link to lower CVD, CVD-cause mortality, and all-cause mortality risks in a dose-response manner. Subgroup analysis indicated that more prominent associations were found in individuals with a body mass index >30 or those aged over 60. Engaging in a weekend warrior pattern may confer unique survival benefits for OA patients, especially among older adults and those with obesity. LPA may have dose-dependent protective effects for CVD and mortality risk in OA patients. Show less
In vitro maturation (IVM) is highly susceptible to influences of the culture environment, which can lead to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and thereby induce a stress res Show more
In vitro maturation (IVM) is highly susceptible to influences of the culture environment, which can lead to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and thereby induce a stress response in oocytes, ultimately reducing the developmental potential of early embryos. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an ovarian endocrine factor that can enhance the function of follicular granulosa cells and promote oocyte maturation, but the specific pathways remain unclear. We supplemented IVM cultures of sheep oocytes with BDNF and examined aspects of oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. The addition of 50 ng/mL BDNF promoted the expansion of cumulus cells and increased the rates of first polar body extrusion, cleavage, and blastocyst formation. Compared with untreated controls, BDNF-treated oocytes had improved Ca Show less
Microglia monitor disease stimulation, neuronal apoptosis, and neural repair, and their overactivation-induced inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Morronisid Show more
Microglia monitor disease stimulation, neuronal apoptosis, and neural repair, and their overactivation-induced inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Morroniside (Mor), an iridoid glycoside compound in Cornus officinalis, is one of the effective active components. The effects of Mor on antioxidant stress, antiapoptosis, and nerve repair function have been widely studied, but the mechanism of Mor in AD treatment remains unclear. To study the neuroprotective effects of Mor and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its improvement of AD symptoms, we used ApoE4 transgenic mice and ApoE4-transfected BV2 cells as models of AD, focusing on microglia phenotype, function, and neuroinflammation. The 10-month-old mice were randomly divided into the ApoE3 control group (ApoE3 + Veh), the ApoE4 model group (ApoE4 + Veh), and the ApoE4 + Mor 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg groups as in vivo models. The in vitro BV2-ApoE model was constructed via lentiviral transfection. The effects of Mor on cognitive function of AD models were assessed through behavioral tests, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA to measure changes of related pathological and inflammatory factors. Mor improved the cognitive function of ApoE4 transgenic mice by reducing Aβ plaques in the brain, improving the structural lesions of hippocampal neurons, and increasing synaptic plasticity in the brain of AD mice. In addition, Mor promoted the transformation of microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, inhibited the activation of the CX3CR1/PU.1 signaling axis, and alleviated the dysfunction of microglia both in vitro and in vivo. CX3CR1 siRNA and PU.1 siRNA were used further to verify the regulatory effect of Mor on microglia phenotype. Our findings indicate that Mor can inhibit neuroinflammation, reduce Aβ accumulation, and improve synaptic damage in ApoE4 mice via the CX3CL1/CX3CR1/PU.1 pathway regulating the phenotype and function of microglia. This study provides a new therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of AD. Show less
Facial nerve injury (FNI) is a common peripheral neuropathy that severely impairs facial function and quality of life. Qianzheng Powder (QZP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used to treat faci Show more
Facial nerve injury (FNI) is a common peripheral neuropathy that severely impairs facial function and quality of life. Qianzheng Powder (QZP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used to treat facial paralysis clinically, yet its neuroprotective mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of QZP on FNI and potential underlying mechanisms. A FNI model was established in male C57BL/6 mice by performing facial nerve crush surgery. QZP (3.51 g/kg) was administered orally once daily for 14 days post-surgery. Facial function was assessed behaviorally. Tissue samples were collected on day 21 for histological evaluation, qPCR and Western blotting. Liver and kidney safety were also assessed via H&E staining and serum biochemical markers. QZP significantly improved facial motor function from day 7 post-injury. Additionally, QZP treatment mitigated neuronal loss in the facial motor nucleus, attenuated buccinator muscle atrophy, and enhanced myelin regeneration, as evidenced by increased MPZ and MBP expression. These were consistent with the increace of the BDNF, TrkB, and QZP promotes structural and functional recovery of facial nerve following injury, likely through activation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB axis, and demonstrates a favorable safety profile. These findings support its potential as a therapeutic adjunct in peripheral nerve repair. Show less
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that play a vital role in promoting tumor progression and drug resistance. The mechanisms regulating Show more
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that play a vital role in promoting tumor progression and drug resistance. The mechanisms regulating heterogeneity of CAFs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) could represent potential targets for reprogramming the TME. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequence and flow cytometry analyses that identified a CAF subset overexpressing apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which was correlated with poor survival in patients with RCC. Mechanistically, NRF1 activation in CAFs induced formation of ApoEhigh CAFs and secretion of NRG1. ApoEhigh CAFs potentiated stemness properties in the surrounding RCC cells by secreting NRG1 and subsequently activating the HER2/NF-κB pathway. Interfering with NRG1 expression or inhibiting NF-κB signaling reduced ApoEhigh CAF-induced stemness of RCC cells. Furthermore, neutralizing NRG1 enhanced the efficacy of sunitinib in RCC models in vivo. Together, these findings highlight targeting the tumor-promoting functions of ApoEhigh CAFs as a promising approach for treating advanced RCC. NRF1 drives formation of ApoEhigh cancer-associated fibroblasts that secrete NRG1 to stimulate stemness of renal cell carcinoma, revealing a stromal-mediated mechanism that can be inhibited to improve treatment of advanced kidney cancer. Show less
Acute alcohol consumption is known to exert widespread physiological effects, yet the immediate impacts on metabolic biomarkers remain incompletely understood. The present randomized controlled trial Show more
Acute alcohol consumption is known to exert widespread physiological effects, yet the immediate impacts on metabolic biomarkers remain incompletely understood. The present randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the acute effects of a single episode of alcohol ingestion on various biomarkers in healthy individuals. A total of 45 male participants were recruited and randomized into an alcohol group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 5) at an 8:1 ratio. Volunteers in the alcohol group ingested 40% Absolut vodka within 15 min. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation were measured at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Venous blood samples were drawn at 0 h, 1 h, 5 h, 12 h, and 24 h after alcohol intake. Our results showed that levels of liver function markers, including α-fucosidase (AFU), albumin (ALB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were significantly increased in the alcohol group compared to the control group. The 24-h area under curve (AUC) of AFU, ALB, and ALP were significantly higher in the alcohol group. The liver fibrosis maker collagen type Ⅳ (Ⅳ-C) tended to be higher at 1 h and 12 h in the alcohol group compared to the control group. Lipid levels, including triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), and the APOA1/APOB, were significantly elevated after alcohol ingestion, particularly at 5 h and 12 h. The 24 h-AUC of TG, APOA1, and APOA1/APOB were higher in the alcohol group than in the control group. Additionally, cardiac function indicators, including heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were significantly elevated in the alcohol group. SBP and DBP remained higher 24 h after alcohol ingestion compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that even a single episode of binge drinking could induce significant alterations of biomarkers related to liver function, cardiac function, and lipid profiles. These findings provided valuable insights into the short-term impact of alcohol on health and highlighted the importance of further research to explore the long-term implications of repeated acute alcohol exposure. Given the very small control group, these results should be interpreted as preliminary and confirmed in larger, more balanced randomized trials. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-40028-1. Show less
p-Synephrine (p-Syn), a natural alkaloid isolated from Citrus aurantium L., promotes fat oxidation and is therefore widely used as a weight loss dietary supplement. It was recently reported to exert a Show more
p-Synephrine (p-Syn), a natural alkaloid isolated from Citrus aurantium L., promotes fat oxidation and is therefore widely used as a weight loss dietary supplement. It was recently reported to exert a potent antidepressant effect. However, its molecular targets remain undefined. Gastrodin (Gas), extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exerts antidepressant effects by targeting Melatonin Receptor 1A (MT This study aimed to evaluate whether MT Network pharmacology was applied to predict potential targets and associated signaling pathways for p-Syn and Gas. Molecular Docking simulations were employed to predict the possible binding sites of MT Using a network pharmacology approach and in vitro assays, we found that both p-Syn and Gas bind to MT1, activate the ERK/CREB signaling pathway, and up-regulate BDNF. In vivo assays showed that p-Syn alleviated Reserpine (Res)-induced depression-like symptoms in AB zebrafish larvae and C57 mice. Furthermore, p-Syn and Gas showed a remarkable synergistic effect. This study identifies a novel target for p-Syn and provides new insights into the antidepressant mechanisms of p-Syn and Gas that may contribute to the clinical application of these compounds in the development of new drugs for the treatment of depression. Show less
Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for endometrial repair has been hampered by variability in cell quality, large-scale production, and uncertainty regarding the optimal delivery route. In Show more
Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for endometrial repair has been hampered by variability in cell quality, large-scale production, and uncertainty regarding the optimal delivery route. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell-derived immunity-and-matrix-regulatory cells (IMRCs) for treating refractory moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesion (IUA). In a rabbit IUA model, sub-endometrial injection of IMRCs significantly reduced fibrosis and enhanced endometrial angiogenesis, outperforming uterine perfusion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct pro-angiogenic gene expression profiles between the two delivery routes. In vitro, IMRCs co-cultured with endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) markedly enhanced angiogenic potential compared to either cell type alone. Protein array analysis of the co-culture supernatant showed elevated levels of angiogenic factors, with functional assays confirming that inhibition of ANGPTL4, a non-canonical pro-angiogenic mediator, impaired angiogenesis. In a first-in-human, single-center, phase 1 dose-escalation trial involving 18 patients with refractory IUA, high-dose sub-endometrial IMRC injection promoted angiogenesis, reduced uterine scarring, and improved pregnancy outcomes, with no safety concerns observed over 3 years of follow-up. These findings highlight the translational promise of IMRCs as a novel therapeutic strategy for endometrial regeneration in severe IUA. Show less
Neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders share overlapping molecular mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Essential oils from Lavandula ang Show more
Neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders share overlapping molecular mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Essential oils from Lavandula angustifolia (TLEO) and Rosa rugosa (PREO) contain neuroactive compounds with therapeutic potential, but their mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study aimed to elucidate the shared and distinct molecular targets and pathways of TLEO and PREO using a multi-scale computational strategy. Compounds identified by GC-MS were evaluated through ADMET profiling, target prediction, and disease-target intersection analysis. Enrichment, network, docking, and dynamics analyses were performed on shared protein-coding targets between essential oils and twelve brain disorders, including seven neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal muscular atrophy) and five psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia). A total of 110 compounds yielded 252 common targets, with CHRM2 (GPCR) and NR1H3 (non-GPCR) identified as key hubs. Docking suggested strong binding affinities for caryophyllene oxide at CHRM2 (-7.3 kcal/mol) and α-himachalene at NR1H3 (-8.5 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable, compact complexes with low RMSD and SASA values. MM/PBSA free energy calculations quantitatively validated these interactions, revealing favorable binding energetics driven predominantly by van der Waals and hydrophobic contributions, consistent with the terpenoid chemical profiles. Functional enrichment highlighted involvement in cholinergic signaling, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory regulation. This study demonstrates that PREO and TLEO can modulate multiple targets relevant to brain disorders through both GPCR and non-GPCR mechanisms. These findings provide a computationally inferred mechanistic framework for the potential neuroprotective synergy of these oils and highlight essential oil-derived compounds as promising leads for further experimental investigation. Show less