👤 Luz María Palacios

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) is a common congenital anomaly with complex genetic origins. This study presents a genetic case series of three Ecuadorian families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate analyzed using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We identified rare or novel variants in genes with established or emerging roles in craniofacial development. Bioinformatic analyses—while not supported by functional validation—helped prioritize several candidate variants, including a novel These findings provide exploratory genetic data from an underrepresented Latin American population and highlight the need to include diverse cohorts in genomic research to improve diagnosis and genetic counseling. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-026-07796-8. Show less

Leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) is an F-actin-binding protein involved in immune cell motility and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Although LSP1 has been extensively studied in neutrophils and macrophages, its role in dendritic cells and tumour surveillance remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that LSP1 deficiency in mice leads to increased growth of B16-OVA melanoma, accompanied by reduced survival. Flow cytometry and histological analysis revealed lower total leukocyte content in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in LSP1 knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice, and a significant reduction in CD8 Show less

Snail1 is a transcriptional factor required for epithelial to mesenchymal transition and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Apart from that, tumor endothelial cells also express Snail1. Here, we have unraveled the role of Snail1 in this tissue in a tumorigenic context. Show less

Alterations in the cadherin-catenin expression and activation of the Wnt signaling have been related to the pathology of ovarian carcinomas. Here, we evaluated the immunoreactivity of cadherins (E-, P-, and N-cadherin and cadherin-11) and catenins (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenin and p120) in 86 ovarian tumors. We found significant differences in the expression of all cadherins and catenins among the distinct histologic tumor types. Clear cell tumors were rarely N-cadherin- and P-cadherin-positive and showed reduced membranous expression in all the catenins; Serous carcinomas were frequently N-cadherin- and P-cadherin-positive, mucinous tumors strongly expressed E-cadherin and the catenins in the membrane, and endometrioid tumors characteristically expressed nucleocytoplasmic beta-catenin in most of the cases. We next studied whether allelic losses in the chromosomal regions containing various cadherin genes (16q22) or APC gene (5q21) occurred in ovarian tumors and observed a high frequency of loss of heterozygosity in 16q22 (78%) and 5q21 (33%) regions, but there were no differences among the tumor types analyzed. Finally, we also assessed the molecular alterations responsible for beta-catenin nuclear accumulation in endometrioid tumors by screening for mutations in AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, and KRAS genes. Mutations in KRAS were observed in 2 of 19 tumors, but no mutations were detected in AXIN1, AXIN2, or APC genes. Only beta-catenin gene mutations were associated with nuclear beta-catenin staining in these tumors. In conclusion, different cadherin-catenin expression patterns are associated with distinct histologic types. Oncogenic Wnt signaling plays a role only in endometrioid tumors, where beta-catenin mutations seem to be the main cause of its aberrant expression. Show less

The activation of the APC/beta-catenin signalling pathway due to beta-catenin mutations has been implicated in the development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas (ECs). However, up to 25% of ECs have beta-catenin nuclear accumulation without evidence of beta-catenin mutations, suggesting alterations of other molecules that can modulate the Wnt pathway, such as APC, gamma-catenin, AXIN1 and AXIN2. We investigated the expression pattern of beta- and gamma-catenin in a group of 128 endometrial carcinomas, including 95 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) and 33 non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (NEECs). In addition, we evaluated the presence of loss of heterozygosity and promoter hypermethylation of the APC gene and mutations in the APC, beta- and gamma-catenin, AXIN1, AXIN2, and RAS genes, and phospho-Akt expression. No APC mutations were detected but LOH at the APC locus was found in 24.3% of informative cases. APC promoter 1A hypermethylation was observed in 46.6% of ECs, and was associated with the endometrioid phenotype (P=0.034) and microsatellite instability (P=0.008). Neither LOH nor promoter hypermethylation of APC was associated with nuclear catenin expression. Nuclear beta-catenin expression was found in 31.2% of EECs and 3% of NEECs (P=0.002), and was significantly associated with beta-catenin gene exon 3 mutations (P<0.0001). beta-catenin gene exon 3 mutations were associated with the endometrioid phenotype, and were detected in 14 (14.9%) EECs, but in none of the NEECs (P=0.02). gamma-catenin nuclear expression was found in 10 ECs; it was not associated with the histological type but was associated with more advanced stages (P=0.042). No mutations in gamma-catenin, AXIN1 and 2 genes were detected in this series. Neither RAS mutations nor phospho-Akt expression, which were found in 16 and 27.6% of the cases, respectively, were associated with beta-catenin nuclear expression. Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of alterations in molecules of the APC/beta-catenin pathway, but only mutations in beta-catenin gene are associated with aberrant nuclear localization of beta-catenin. Show less