Both Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) and astrocytic activation, as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), play critical roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the influence of astrocyt Show more
Both Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) and astrocytic activation, as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), play critical roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the influence of astrocytic activation on the relationship between APOE-ε4 and AD pathologies remains unclear. This study investigates the interrelationships among astrocytic activation, APOE-ε4, and AD pathophysiology in 529 participants who underwent plasma biomarker measurements, APOE genotyping, and cognitive testing. Additionally, 277, 284, and 104 underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), and tau PET, respectively. The associations of plasma GFAP, APOE-ε4, and AD-related biomarkers, as well as whether plasma GFAP mediates APOE-ε4-related effects on AD, were investigated. Higher plasma GFAP and APOE-ε4 were independently associated with more severe Aβ and tau aggregation, as well as cognitive decline. Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of APOE-ε4 on plasma p-tau biomarkers (21.1%-24.9%), Aβ PET (16.4%), and cognition (19.6%), while the indirect effect on tau PET was trend-level (29.1%, p Show less
Pregnant women have a high incidence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). To explore the influence factor on perinatal psychology, we analysed the SCFAs, lipids, cognition, emotion, and cy Show more
Pregnant women have a high incidence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). To explore the influence factor on perinatal psychology, we analysed the SCFAs, lipids, cognition, emotion, and cytokines in the late pregnant women. The mood, cognition, SCFAs of the non-pregnant group were compared to those in the late pregnancy. The differences in SCFAs, lipids, cognition, and cytokines between the high-risk and low-risk groups for affective disorders among women in the late pregnancy were analysed, and the risk factors were sought. Compared with the non-pregnant group, the pregnant group scored lower on the SDMT (P < 0.001), DST (P = 0.035), VRT (P = 0.001), and VFT (P < 0.001), and took longer on the TMTA (P = 0.004). Acetate (P = 0.001) and butyrate (P = 0.002) were higher, while propionate (P < 0.001) and isobutyrate (P = 0.001) were lower in the pregnant group than in the non-pregnant group. Among the pregnant women, CRP was higher in the high-risk group for mood disorders than in the low-risk group (P = 0.048). Meanwhile, HDL was positively associated with DST (P = 0.000), VRT (P = 0.015), and VFT (P < 0.001). Longer TMTA completion times were associated with reduced propionate (P = 0.072) and LPa (P = 0.022). Longer TMTB completion time was associated with lower life satisfaction (P = 0.037), as well as decreased cholesterol (P = 0.026). Pregnant women experience changes in cognition and SCFAs. CRP is a sensitive indicator for monitoring affective disorder. Regulation of SCFAs and lipids may be beneficial for cognition and affect. Show less
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the most critical polyunsaturated fatty acids, is vital for the neurological growth and cognitive function of infants and children. Approximately 98% of DHA in breas Show more
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the most critical polyunsaturated fatty acids, is vital for the neurological growth and cognitive function of infants and children. Approximately 98% of DHA in breast milk exists as triglycerides, with 60% esterified at the sn-2 position. To demonstrate the necessity of mimicking the form of DHA present in breast milk in nutritional food for young children, this study administered diets with varying sn-2 DHA contents (10%, 30%, and 50%) to four groups of mice and analyzed their behavioral performance, brain DHA concentration, expression of brain fatty acid transport proteins, histopathology, and expression of synaptic-related proteins in the hippocampus after 4 weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, mice in the 50% sn-2 DHA group exhibited superior learning and memory capabilities in behavioral tests, with the most pronounced behavioral improvements in mice, which correlated with higher brain DHA accumulation (from 0.870 ± 0.055 mg/g brain to 1.809 ± 0.132 mg/g brain, p < 0.05), increased levels of MFSD2A (1.40-fold, p > 0.05), FABP5 (2.36-fold, p < 0.05), FATP1 (1.47-fold, p < 0.05), and ACSL6 (1.48-fold, p < 0.05), improved hippocampal neuron morphology, and enhanced the level of BDNF (1.55-fold, p < 0.05), SYN (1.45-fold, p < 0.05), and PSD-95 (1.57-fold, p < 0.05). These findings establish a foundation for developing DHA nutritional supplements. Show less
Tumor-related metabolites in the tumor microenvironment may induce immune dysfunction, leading to malignant progression and metastasis of tumors. Here, it is demonstrated that tumoral PLA2G16, a phosp Show more
Tumor-related metabolites in the tumor microenvironment may induce immune dysfunction, leading to malignant progression and metastasis of tumors. Here, it is demonstrated that tumoral PLA2G16, a phospholipase catalyzes phospholipids to generate free fatty acid (FFA) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is an important contributor to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lung metastasis in an immune-dependent pattern by improving tetracosatetraenoic acid (C24:4 (n-6)) accumulation in the early metastatic niche of lung and impairing immune function of pulmonary CD8 Show less
Tc17 cells (IL-17 The percentage of Tc17 cells, monocytes and IL-1β Higher populations of Tc17 cells, IL-1β The present results show that suppressing IL-1β expression by preventing CD80 [Figure: see t Show more
Tc17 cells (IL-17 The percentage of Tc17 cells, monocytes and IL-1β Higher populations of Tc17 cells, IL-1β The present results show that suppressing IL-1β expression by preventing CD80 [Figure: see text] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-026-02785-4. Show less
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), a key periodontal pathogen, is increasingly detected in atherosclerotic plaques, yet its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis remain enigmatic. T Show more
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), a key periodontal pathogen, is increasingly detected in atherosclerotic plaques, yet its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis remain enigmatic. This study investigates how F. nucleatum reshapes the non-coding RNA landscape to drive atherosclerosis progression. Periodontal infection with F. nucleatum significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area (p < 0.001) and necrotic core ratio, while reducing collagen content (p < 0.05) in ApoE Show less
Shuhe Wang, Zhongguo Liu · 2026 · Frontiers in psychology · Frontiers · added 2026-04-24
This study aimed to use latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify heterogeneous configurational patterns of short video addiction and emotion dysregulation among college students, and to systematicall Show more
This study aimed to use latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify heterogeneous configurational patterns of short video addiction and emotion dysregulation among college students, and to systematically examine the predictive effects of cognitive reappraisal, emotional loneliness, and sociodemographic factors on latent profile membership. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. From April to July 2025, full-time undergraduate students were recruited from multiple universities in Shandong Province using a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Participants completed online questionnaires including the Short Video Addiction Scale, the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI), the Cognitive Reappraisal Scale, and the Emotional Loneliness Scale. A total of 1,168 valid questionnaires were obtained. LPA identified four optimal profiles: Profile 1 ("low short video addiction-low emotion dysregulation"), Profile 2 ("medium to lower short video addiction-medium to lower emotion dysregulation"), Profile 3 ("medium to upper short video addiction-medium to upper emotion dysregulation"), and Profile 4 ("high short video addiction-high emotion dysregulation"). Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that, with Profile 4 as the reference category, cognitive reappraisal significantly increased the likelihood of membership in lower-risk profiles, whereas emotional loneliness significantly decreased the likelihood of membership in lower-risk profiles. Among sociodemographic factors, being female and having an urban background significantly increased the likelihood of membership in Profile 1 (vs. Profile 4); being a non-only child and having no part-time work experience significantly predicted membership in Profile 3. Marked heterogeneity exists among college students in the measured dimensions of short-form video addiction and emotion dysregulation, and the two constructs exhibit highly concordant co-variation. The findings provide empirical support for developing risk-stratified and precision-oriented mental health intervention strategies. Show less
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a key regulator of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the specific role of its receptor, Patched2 (Ptch2), in these processes remains unclear. Here, usi Show more
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a key regulator of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the specific role of its receptor, Patched2 (Ptch2), in these processes remains unclear. Here, using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Show less
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) remain the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages are involved in the progression and regression of atherosclerosis, and macrophage amin Show more
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) remain the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages are involved in the progression and regression of atherosclerosis, and macrophage amino acid metabolism is important during this process. Here, we identified that the expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter Slc7a11 was upregulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and specifically enhanced in the macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophage-specific Show less
Sepsis triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a life-threatening condition. Inspired by the specific capture mechanism of innate proteins like LBP and CD14, we develop oxidized chitosan microspheres Show more
Sepsis triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a life-threatening condition. Inspired by the specific capture mechanism of innate proteins like LBP and CD14, we develop oxidized chitosan microspheres functionalized with hyperbranched polylysine (OCS-HBPL) as a sepsis detoxification agent. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) reveals that HBPL-LPS binding is an enthalpy-driven process, distinct from the entropy-driven interaction of linear polylysine (LPL)-LPS. Validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), HBPL demonstrates superior affinity with a dissociation constant (K Show less
Despite of the highly potent antiretroviral therapies, HIV-1 establishes persistent infection and causes chronic inflammation in AIDS patients. Beyond CD4+ T cells, HIV-1 infects myeloid cells, includ Show more
Despite of the highly potent antiretroviral therapies, HIV-1 establishes persistent infection and causes chronic inflammation in AIDS patients. Beyond CD4+ T cells, HIV-1 infects myeloid cells, including circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, and integrates with host genomes to form stable viral reservoirs. To achieve a functional HIV cure, latency-promoting agents (LPAs) have been developed for the "block-and-lock" strategy to reinforce deep HIV-1 latency and permanently silence proviruses. However, most LPAs have been tested mainly in CD4 Show less
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, with hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory responses, and macrophage polarization being established key contributors. The role Show more
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, with hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory responses, and macrophage polarization being established key contributors. The roles of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization in AS pathogenesis have garnered significant research interest. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Schisandrol B (Sol B) against AS using an in vivo model of ApoE Show less
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic Show more
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein that has been established as an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Structurally composed of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], Lp(a) exhibits unique atherogenic, thrombogenic, and inflammatory properties, largely due to its role as a carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL). Plasma Lp(a) concentrations are predominantly determined by the number of kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats in the LPA gene, with minimal influence from lifestyle or environmental factors. Despite substantial evidence linking elevated Lp(a) to cardiovascular risk, clinical testing remains underutilized, especially in East Asian countries. In Taiwan, although population-level Lp(a) concentrations are comparatively low, a significant subset exceeds risk thresholds, with local studies confirming its prognostic value in coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Barriers, including limited physician awareness, implementation barriers, and therapeutic nihilism, contribute to its under-recognition. This review highlights the molecular features of Lp(a), its pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, epidemiology, and current barriers and future advances in diagnostic testing, with a particular focus on implications for cardiovascular risk management in Taiwan. Show less
Anshen Bunao Syrup (ABS), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is widely used to treat neurological disorders such as insomnia, dizziness, and neurasthenia. However, its antidepressant effect and Show more
Anshen Bunao Syrup (ABS), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is widely used to treat neurological disorders such as insomnia, dizziness, and neurasthenia. However, its antidepressant effect and underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the antidepressant effect of ABS in a rat model, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depressive rats were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of ABS. Histopathological alterations in the hippocampus and colonic mucosa were examined using Nissl and H&E staining. Microglial activation was evaluated by Iba-1 immunohistochemical staining. Gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Differential gene expression and pathway regulation were investigated by transcriptomics and confirmed by Western Blot (WB). ABS significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and elevated dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine levels in cortical regions. Furthermore, ABS mitigated hippocampal neuronal damage, suppressed microglial overactivation and reduced oxidative stress in the cortex. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that ABS exerted antidepressant effects via modulation of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis, particularly by altering intestinal microbiota composition, enhancing gut function, and suppressing HPA axis hyperactivity. Metabolomics revealed that ABS corrected metabolic disturbances, and alleviated inflammation-related metabolic disturbances, while transcriptomics indicated regulation of the Npas4-BDNF-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by WB. ABS significantly ameliorated depression in a CUMS rat model, primarily through coordinated regulation of gut microbiota, metabolic homeostasis, and the Npas4-BDNF-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing integrative mechanistic insights into its antidepressant effects. Show less
Osteoarthritis (OA) often coexists with metabolic traits (MTs), causing significant disability. Our study aims to uncover the shared genetic mechanisms between OA and MTs, revealing novel OA-MT relate Show more
Osteoarthritis (OA) often coexists with metabolic traits (MTs), causing significant disability. Our study aims to uncover the shared genetic mechanisms between OA and MTs, revealing novel OA-MT related genes, proteins and pathways. We first explored the clinical associations between OA and MTs based on UK Biobank data. Using GWAS statistics for 9 OA subtypes and 51 MTs, we identified both global and regional genetic correlations. Multi-trait GWAS helped revealed credible genes and relevant pathways through various methods. Protein-level analyses were also conducted to identify key proteins. We developed polygenic scores (PGS), machine learning models and drug repurposing strategies were explored to translate these findings into clinical applications. We identified 152 trait pairs with significant associations and 709 local regions linked to OA-MT. Key SNVs like rs13135092 (SLC39A8) and rs34811474 (ANAPC4) were associated with multiple OA-MT pairs. Lipid and glucose metabolism emerged as central pathways, with tissue-specific enrichment analyses revealing key gene clusters in hepatocytes, arteries, and brain regions. Protein-level analyses identified 205 protein subgroups. PGS integrating MTs outperformed model based solely on OA, improving AUC by 17.5%. Causal gene-based models showed strong diagnostic accuracy (average AUC = 0.875 in external cohorts). Drug prediction highlighted fenofibrate as a promising treatment among 71 candidates. This study provides new insights into the genetic links between OA and MTs. We identified genes, proteins, and pathways related to comorbidities, revealing shared mechanisms, highlighting the potential of integrating metabolic factors to improve OA prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Show less
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes debilitating nightmares, flashbacks and anxiety stemming from a catastrophic, often life-threatening traumatic event. Originally described in soldiers expo Show more
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes debilitating nightmares, flashbacks and anxiety stemming from a catastrophic, often life-threatening traumatic event. Originally described in soldiers exposed to the horrors of battle, PTSD is now recognized in civilian victims of assault, natural disasters and mass casualty events. Most people experiencing trauma do not develop PTSD, so understanding neurobiological mechanisms is crucial to predicting risk and developing targeted treatments. There have been many studies seeking to find biomarkers for PTSD, and their results have converged on several brain regions, molecular pathways and neuropsychological functions. In this review, we focus on selected findings about the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the chaperone protein FKBP51 (FK506 binding protein 51), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), fear memory reconsolidation and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, amygdala and hippocampus. Together, these disparate aspects of brain function provide an emerging model for understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of PTSD. Avoidance of lethal threats is fundamental for survival, and this stringent evolutionary requirement has conserved many components of fear memory storage and behavioural response to danger. PTSD research can therefore rely on non-human animal model systems with better face and construct validity than most other psychiatric disorders. With this advantage, advances in PTSD biomarker identification are likely closer to clinical translation than in other mental illnesses. We attempt to highlight the most promising biomarkers that could be targeted by novel treatments and propose a map for future research work. Show less
Tianpei Ma, Xin Chen, Qingwen Zhao+19 more · 2026 · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · Oxford University Press · added 2026-04-24
Cognitive impairment is a significant health concern in aging populations, but the interplay between biological aging, lifestyle factors, and genetic susceptibility remains unclear. This study examine Show more
Cognitive impairment is a significant health concern in aging populations, but the interplay between biological aging, lifestyle factors, and genetic susceptibility remains unclear. This study examined whether accelerated biological aging is associated with cognitive impairment, whether lifestyle modifies this association, and how genetic background influences these relationships in Chinese older adults. In this cross-sectional study (2022-2023), 7033 participants from southwestern China were included. Accelerated biological aging was calculated as the residual difference between biological age (based on 10 biomarkers) and chronological age. Lifestyle was assessed via a composite index (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, sleep). Cognitive function was measured using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (C-MMSE), and genetic risk was evaluated through polygenic scores and APOE ε4 status. Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations between accelerated aging and cognition. Accelerated biological aging was associated with lower MMSE scores ( β = -0.243, 95% CI: -0.354, -0.133) and higher cognitive impairment prevalence (OR = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.040, 1.158). An unhealthy lifestyle exacerbated cognitive impairment in biologically older individuals (RERI = 0.25). Those with both accelerated aging and unhealthy lifestyle had the lowest MMSE scores ( β = -1.424, 95% CI: -1.846, -1.003) and highest odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.467, 95% CI: 1.194, 1.803). These effects were consistent across all genetic background subgroups. Accelerated aging was associated with lower cognitive function, especially in individuals with unhealthy lifestyles, regardless of genetic susceptibility. This highlights lifestyle modification as a potential intervention target for aging-related cognitive impairment. Show less
Glycolysis-derived lactate serves as a substrate for lysine lactylation, an epigenetic modification playing critical transcriptional regulatory roles in inflammatory diseases. Endothelial inflammation Show more
Glycolysis-derived lactate serves as a substrate for lysine lactylation, an epigenetic modification playing critical transcriptional regulatory roles in inflammatory diseases. Endothelial inflammation, characterized by upregulated glycolysis, initiates atherosclerosis, yet the contribution of histone lactylation remains undefined. Although narciclasine exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, its impact on endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis is unknown. Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis predicted narciclasine as an inhibitor of oscillatory shear stress and TNF-α-induced endothelial inflammation. In vitro, treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 20 nM narciclasine significantly suppressed ox-LDL-induced expression of VCAM1, ICAM1, SELE, and CCL2, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibited monocyte adhesion and migration. In vivo, administration of narciclasine (0.02 mg/kg) attenuated carotid artery endothelial inflammation and macrophage infiltration, consequently reducing early atherogenesis in partial carotid ligation model in ApoE Show less
Silica exposure precipitates irreversible lung injury; however, its long-term neurological sequelae—and the microglial mechanisms underlying these effects—remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrat Show more
Silica exposure precipitates irreversible lung injury; however, its long-term neurological sequelae—and the microglial mechanisms underlying these effects—remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that inhaled crystalline silica induces persistent hippocampal inflammation, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and neuronal loss in mice. Bulk RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping, and pharmacological depletion studies revealed that microglia are the primary source of complement C1q in silica-exposed brains. Mechanistically, silica-induced lipocalin-2 (LCN2) engages the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) on microglia, activating a cAMP/PKA/NF-κB cascade that transcriptionally upregulates C1q. Pharmacological blockade of MC4R (using PF) abolished C1q overproduction, normalized brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and restored both synaptic integrity and behavioral performance. Our findings establish the LCN2–MC4R–C1q axis as a critical microglial pathway in silica-related neurotoxicity and identify MC4R antagonism as a promising, readily translatable intervention for occupational neuroinflammation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-026-03695-5. Show less
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) toward their disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Show more
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) toward their disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 tertiary hospitals in Chengdu between August 2023 and January 2024 and included patients with lower limb ASO. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire that captured demographic information and KAP scores. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify the KAP patterns among participants. A total of 515 nonproblematic questionnaires were collected, yielding an effective response rate of 95.72%. Among the respondents, 395 (76.85%) were male, with a disease course of 15.96 ± 17.55 months. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 5.27 ± 4.69 (possible range: 0-22), 17.65 ± 2.86 (possible range: 5-25), and 107.63 ± 17.15 (possible range: 33-165), respectively. LPA identified 4 participant profiles: Profile 1 (high attitude, low practice), Profile 2 (low attitude, high practice), Profile 3 (low attitude, low practice), and Profile 4 (high attitude, high practice). Significant differences were found among profiles in residence (P = 0.028), medical insurance (P = 0.043), self-efficacy (P < 0.001), and patient activation (P < 0.001). Patients with lower limb ASO demonstrated inadequate knowledge but moderate levels of attitude and practice. Residence, medical insurance, self-efficacy, and patient activation may affect the KAP patterns of the patients. These findings suggest that tailored interventions targeting distinct patient profiles, while considering broader social determinants of health, may be critical to improving self-management and outcomes. Show less
Depression is prevalent among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Although various physical activity intensities are differentially associated with depressive symptoms, the underlying mediator and mode Show more
Depression is prevalent among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Although various physical activity intensities are differentially associated with depressive symptoms, the underlying mediator and moderator involving interoception and mindfulness, remain unclear. This study aims to examine whether interoceptive accuracy differentially mediates the relationship between various physical activity intensities and depressive symptoms and whether mindfulness moderates these pathways. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 395 CRC survivors completed validated questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, physical activity participation, interoceptive accuracy, and mindfulness. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses via PROCESS version 4.1 for SPSS tested whether interoceptive accuracy mediated associations between light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA vs. MVPA) and depressive symptoms, and whether mindfulness moderated these pathways. Both LPA and MVPA are negatively associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Interoceptive accuracy significantly mediated these associations, accounting for 49.09% of the total effect for LPA and 20.56% for MVPA. Mindfulness moderated the LPA-interoceptive accuracy (B = -0.004, p = 0.031), interoceptive accuracy-depression (B = -0.022, p = 0.004), and MVPA-depression pathways (B = -0.001, p = 0.034), suggesting differential, intensity-dependent associations. LPA showed negative associations with depressive symptoms, with interoceptive accuracy fully mediating this association. In contrast, MVPA demonstrated both direct and indirect associations with depressive symptoms, partially mediated by interoceptive accuracy. Mindfulness strengthened these relationships through complementary and synergistic moderation, highlighting the dynamic interaction between bodily awareness and physical activity in psychological recovery. Tailoring gentle, mindful movement to enhance interoception may offer a feasible, integrative rehabilitation strategy to reduce depression among CRC survivors. Show less
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are common age-related degenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition may contribute to the pathogenesis of both conditions. Show more
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are common age-related degenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition may contribute to the pathogenesis of both conditions. This study investigated whether probucol could alleviate AD-associated bone loss and Aβ42-induced osteoblast dysfunction, and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Female mice were divided into four groups (n = 5 per group): C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), WT treated with probucol (WT + PBC), APP/PS1 transgenic (AD) mice, and AD treated with probucol (AD+PBC). Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by micro-CT. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) along with bone metabolism markers including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), sclerostin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in bone and brain tissues were measured by ELISA. FOXO3a was knocked down in the bone marrow of APP/PS1 mice via stereotactic injection of lentiviral vectors. Expression of APP and FOXO3a in bone tissue was evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blotting (WB). Mitochondrial damage in osteoblasts and neuronal cells was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro study, osteoblast differentiation and mineralization deficits were evaluated using Alizarin Red staining. WB was used to measure the expression of AKT, FOXO3a, autophagy and apoptosis related proteins. Probucol attenuated bone loss and mitochondrial damage in both APP/PS1 and FOXO3a-knockdown APP/PS1 mice, and improved cognitive impairment and neuronal ultrastructure in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, probucol attenuated Aβ42-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization via the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway in vitro. These findings demonstrate that probucol ameliorates AD-associated bone loss and Aβ42-induced osteoblast impairments by regulating AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Show less
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent intermittent hypoxia (IH) and has been increasingly associated with lung cancer incidence and mortality. However, how IH-related biological Show more
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent intermittent hypoxia (IH) and has been increasingly associated with lung cancer incidence and mortality. However, how IH-related biological programs relate to immune remodeling, stemness-associated phenotypes, and therapeutic resistance in lung cancer remains incompletely understood. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data from IH-exposed murine lung tissues (GSE301350) with bulk transcriptomic datasets from TCGA-LUAD and GSE31210 to examine hypoxia-associated cellular and transcriptional patterns. Stemness was quantified using CytoTRACE and transcriptome-based stemness scoring, and its associations with immune infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, TIDE scores, predicted drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy response were evaluated. A stemness-based prognostic model was constructed using LASSO Cox regression and validated in independent cohorts. Single-cell analysis revealed marked immune remodeling under intermittent hypoxia (IH), including expansion of effector T cells, and monocytes/macrophages, populations alongside reduced B cells and dendritic cells. In human LUAD cohorts, stemness-high tumors were associated with mitochondrial and metabolic stress-related transcriptional programs, and increased expression of immune checkpoint genes (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, LAG3). Elevated stemness scores correlated with higher TIDE scores, poorer overall survival, and reduced predicted responsiveness to immunotherapy. LASSO modeling identified a six-gene stemness signature (EIF5A, MELTF, SEMA3C, CPS1, TCN1, SELENOK), that consistently stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups across TCGA and GSE31210 cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression confirmed the risk score as an independent prognostic factor. Drug sensitivity analyses further suggested that stemness-high tumors may exhibit increased susceptibility to selected kinase inhibitors (Dasatinib, A-770041) and metabolic modulators (Phenformin, Salubrinal). OSA-associated IH is linked to stemness-associated transcriptional plasticity, immune suppression, and adverse clinical outcomes in lung cancer. The identified stemness-based gene signature provides a robust prognostic biomarker and highlights potential therapeutic vulnerabilities, supporting integrative strategies that combine stemness and immune -targeted approaches with immunotherapy in OSA-associated lung cancer. Show less
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics offers insights into molecular changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Key AD biomarkers, in particular amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, in CSF are strongly associat Show more
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics offers insights into molecular changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Key AD biomarkers, in particular amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, in CSF are strongly associated with Show less
Fujian Tablets (FJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) preparation, has been clinically used in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders related to ischemic brain injury in the context of TCM Show more
Fujian Tablets (FJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) preparation, has been clinically used in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders related to ischemic brain injury in the context of TCM theory. However, its molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of post-ischemic stroke motor function recovery, especially via regulating corticospinal tract (CST) remodeling-a key structure for motor control-remains unelucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FJT on CST remodeling in the denervated hemisphere and motor function recovery in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, and to explore its potential mechanism by focusing on the balance between precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and mature BDNF (mBDNF), which is tightly regulated by BDNF-cleaving enzymes (Pcsk1 and Furin). The MCAO rat model was established using the intraluminal filament method. Model rats were randomly divided into four groups: MCAO model group, FJT low-dose group, FJT medium-dose group, and FJT high-dose group. Motor function was evaluated by Catwalk gait analysis (assessing average speed, step length, and standing time). CST remodeling and conduction efficiency were determined via biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) neural tracing and motor evoked potential (MEP) detection, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF, cleaving enzymes (Pcsk1, Furin), and related receptors (TrkB, p75NTR, Sortilin) in brain tissues were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. BDNF silencing experiment was performed to verify the role of BDNF in FJT-induced effects. Additionally, in vitro neuronal culture was used to observe the effects of FJT, exogenous mBDNF, and Pcsk1/Furin inhibitors on neuronal growth. Compared with the MCAO model group, medium-dose FJT exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects. Specifically, FJT notably improved gait parameters increasing average speed from 20.77 mm/s (MCAO) to 25.71 mm/s (FJT) and step length by approximately 21.14 %. Furthermore, FJT enhanced MEP conduction efficiency and promoted CST remodeling, characterized by a 5.26 % increase in BDA-positive nerve fibers and elevated growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) expression in the denervated hemisphere. At the molecular level, FJT upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Pcsk1 and Furin, increased the levels of BDNF and its functional receptor TrkB, and downregulated the expressions of proBDNF-preferring receptors p75NTR and Sortilin, ultimately shifting the proBDNF/mBDNF ratio toward mBDNF dominance. BDNF silencing significantly attenuated these improvements, reversing FJT-induced motor recovery and CST remodeling. In vitro, FJT-promoted neuronal growth was mimicked by exogenous mBDNF but reversed by Pcsk1/Furin inhibitors. Compared with the MCAO model group, medium-dose FJT exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects. Specifically, FJT notably improved gait parameters, increasing the average speed from 20.77 mm/s (MCAO) to 25.71 mm/s (FJT) and step length by approximately 21.14 %. Furthermore, FJT enhanced MEP conduction efficiency and promoted CST remodeling, characterized by a 5.26% increase in BDA-positive nerve fibers and elevated Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) expression in the denervated hemisphere. At the molecular level, FJT upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Pcsk1 and Furin, increased the levels of BDNF and its functional receptor TrkB, and downregulated the expressions of proBDNF-preferring receptors p75NTR and Sortilin, ultimately shifting the proBDNF/mBDNF ratio toward mBDNF dominance. BDNF silencing significantly attenuated these improvements, reversing FJT-induced motor recovery and CST remodeling. In vitro, FJT-promoted neuronal growth was mimicked by exogenous mBDNF but reversed by Pcsk1/Furin inhibitors. Show less
Atherosclerosis is considered as a major contributor for cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality globally. However, the cross-talk between efferocytosis and inflammation in atheroscle Show more
Atherosclerosis is considered as a major contributor for cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality globally. However, the cross-talk between efferocytosis and inflammation in atherosclerosis remains elusive. ApoE (apolipoprotein E) YY1 and NEDD4L were upregulated, but MerTK was downregulated in the arteries of ApoE Our findings demonstrated that YY1 positively regulated NEDD4L to modulate MerTK-mediated efferocytosis and activate NLRP3-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis, thus exacerbating atherosclerosis. Show less
Selective breeding has substantially improved productive and reproductive traits in pigs. Yet, these traits are biologically interconnected, and selection for one often affects others in unintended wa Show more
Selective breeding has substantially improved productive and reproductive traits in pigs. Yet, these traits are biologically interconnected, and selection for one often affects others in unintended ways. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered many loci linked to these traits, they provide limited insight into causal mechanisms. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides a robust framework for inferring causality and identifying shared genetic determinants. Here, we integrated MR, colocalization, and functional genomics to investigate the biological links between growth, carcass composition, and reproduction in pigs. Using average daily gain (ADG) as the exposure, MR revealed potentially significant causal effects (P < 0.05) of ADG on carcass composition traits, including backfat thickness (BFT: Our findings suggest a shared genetic architecture and provide potential evidence of a causal influence of ADG on carcass composition and reproductive traits in pigs. This integrative framework supports the development of multi-trait breeding strategies that enhance productivity while managing inherent trade-offs in regulating complex traits. Show less
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a severe complication of diabetes, is a key risk factor for diabetic foot (DF) that contributes highly to amputation and mortality. The pathogenesis of DPN remain Show more
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a severe complication of diabetes, is a key risk factor for diabetic foot (DF) that contributes highly to amputation and mortality. The pathogenesis of DPN remains unclear and complex, with no effective treatments currently available. Monoamine oxidase (MAO), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of critical biogenic amines. The MAO family comprises two subtypes, MAOA and MAOB, which play distinct roles in pathophysiology. In this study, we identified that MAOB but not MAOA is pathologically upregulated in the sciatic nerve (SN) tissues of DPN patients and in the SN/dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues of DPN model mice. Notably, the selective MAOB inhibitor Khellin (Khe) effectively alleviated DPN-like pathology in mice. To explore the mechanistic role of MAOB in DPN, we performed proteomic profiling of DRG tissues from DPN mice and validated the findings using a MAOB-specific knockdown DPN mice model treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV) 8-MAOB-RNAi. Our results demonstrate that Khe targets MAOB to mitigate DPN pathology through HIF-1α/BACE1/Aβ/NLRP3/tau pathway, mediated by Schwann cell/DRG neuron crosstalk. All findings suggest that selective MAOB inhibition represents a promising therapeutic strategy for DPN, with Khe as a potential candidate for clinical translation against this disease. Show less
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a critical public health concern, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. We conducted an integrative lipidomics study across human cohort Show more
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a critical public health concern, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. We conducted an integrative lipidomics study across human cohorts and a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model. Targeted UPLC-MS/MS profiling was applied to a training cohort (95 MDD, 40 controls), and untargeted UPLC-HRMS profiling to an independent cohort (56 MDD, 37 controls). Candidate biomarkers were identified using univariate tests, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and three feature-selection methods (Boruta, LASSO, RFE), with predictive performance evaluated by cross-validation and external replication. Translational relevance was examined in CUMS rats through behavioral assays and lipidomic profiling of serum and brain tissues. Pathway enrichment and regression models explored metabolic context and clinical associations. In the training cohort, we found that 244 lipids were significantly altered, highlighting altered glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and sphingolipid metabolism. A 29-lipid panel achieved 90.4% cross-validation accuracy, while a reduced 7-lipid subset reached 94.8%. In the validation cohort, an 8-lipid panel achieved 71.2% accuracy, and a minimal 2-lipid set-LPA(18:2) and SPH(d16:1)-reached 72.1%. Cross-species analysis confirmed consistent downregulation of SPH(d16:1) in serum of both humans and rats, and of LPC(0:0/16:0) specifically in the rat prefrontal cortex. Regression analyses linked sex, age, and anxiety severity to lipid alterations. This cross-platform, cross-species study identifies reproducible lipid signatures of adolescent MDD, highlights SPH(d16:1) and LPC(0:0/16:0) as translational biomarkers, and implicates glycerophospholipid metabolism in MDD pathophysiology, providing a foundation for biomarker-guided diagnostics and therapeutics. Show less