Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess multipotent differentiation potential and significant immunomodulatory properties, making them valuable in regenerative medicine. However, their adipo Show more
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess multipotent differentiation potential and significant immunomodulatory properties, making them valuable in regenerative medicine. However, their adipogenic differentiation can lead to triglyceride accumulation, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) technology tissue optimization regenerative adipogenesis reprogramming (TO RGN-AR) on ADSC differentiation, focusing on its ability to preserve stemness, suppress adipogenesis, and promote beneficial phenotypes. REAC TO RGN-AR treatment significantly increased the expression of stemness-related genes (Oct-4, Sox2, and Nanog) while downregulating the expression of adipogenic markers (PPAR-γ, LPL, and ACOT2). Additionally, REAC TO RGN-AR treated cells presented a phenotypic shift toward beige adipocytes, characterized by increased TMEM26 expression and reduced ASC-1 expression. These findings underscore the novelty of using REAC TO RGN-AR to modulate cellular endogenous bioelectrical activity, presenting a noninvasive and operator-independent approach to enhance ADSC-based therapies. This work highlights the potential of this treatment to address metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation while advancing regenerative medicine. Show less
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques-including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), theta-burst stimulation (TBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), transcranial direct Show more
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques-including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), theta-burst stimulation (TBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)-have emerged as valuable tools for modulating neural activity and promoting plasticity. Traditionally, their effects have been interpreted within a binary framework of long-term potentiation (LTP)-like and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity, largely inferred from changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs). However, existing models do not fully capture the complexity of the biological processes engaged by these techniques and despite extensive clinical application, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NIBS remain only partially understood. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes evidence from in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies to delineate how NIBS influences neurotransmission through intracellular signaling, gene expression, and protein synthesis at the cellular level. Emphasis is placed on the roles of classical synaptic models, grounded in Ca Show less