Dried blood spot sampling offers a scalable strategy to close diagnostic gaps and improve global surveillance for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. However, assay performance and the extent of Show more
Dried blood spot sampling offers a scalable strategy to close diagnostic gaps and improve global surveillance for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. However, assay performance and the extent of validity vary widely between biomarkers used in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health assessment under different settings and have not been well described. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic search of the literature and a narrative synthesis through April 2024 and included reports with laboratory or field validation measuring biomarkers that can be used in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health assessment. We categorized assays into categories based on laboratory validation: excellent performance (r>0.95 with gold standard methods and coefficients of variation <5%), very good performance (r>0.90 and coefficients of variation <10%), reasonable performance (r>0.80 and coefficients of variation <15%), and poor performance (r<0.80 or coefficients of variation >15%). The extent of validation was determined by the total number of field validation studies with strong agreement. Hemoglobin A1c has strong laboratory and field validation and should be considered for expansion into clinical testing in low-resource settings. Traditional lipid biomarkers showed poor performance in field validation studies, but apoB (apolipoprotein B), creatinine, cystatin C, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) showed promising initial laboratory validation results and deserve greater attention in field validation studies. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein has strong laboratory and field validation but has limited clinical utility. Dried blood spot assays have been developed for biomarkers that offer mechanistic insights including inflammatory and vascular injury markers, fatty acids, malondialdehyde, asymmetric dimethylarginine, trimethylamine N-oxide, carnitines, and omics. Show less
This study aimed to explore the effects of chili meal (CM), a by-product of chili pepper oil extraction, on the productive performance, intestinal health, and lipid metabolism of laying hens fed low-p Show more
This study aimed to explore the effects of chili meal (CM), a by-product of chili pepper oil extraction, on the productive performance, intestinal health, and lipid metabolism of laying hens fed low-protein (LP) diets. A total of 384 Hy-Line brown laying hens (32 weeks old) were divided into six groups: control (CON) diet with 16.5 % crude protein (CP), LP diet with 15 % CP, and LP diets supplemented with 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 9 % CM. Results showed that dietary CM supplementation of up to 5 % did not negatively affect the productive performance of laying hens fed LP diets. However, the groups receiving 7 % and 9 % CM exhibited a significant increase in the feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary CM supplementation effectively enhanced egg yolk color in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Intestinal morphology analysis indicated that the 5 % CM group had a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the LP and 9 % CM groups (P < 0.05), with no significant differences among the other groups. Dietary supplementation with 3 %-7 % CM did not significantly affect serum and jejunal antioxidant capacity, and the 9 % CM group exhibited the highest levels of serum and jejunal malondialdehyde among the groups (P < 0.05). Dietary CM supplementation significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the serum and jejunal tissue of laying hens (P < 0.05). Moreover, CM supplementation significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition in laying hens, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio and Megamonas. Furthermore, dietary CM supplementation significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels; downregulated liver mRNA levels of ACC, FAS, and SREBP-1C/2; and upregulated the mRNA levels of ACOX1, PPAR-α, Apob, and CPT in laying hens fed LP diets. In conclusion, CM supplementation should not exceed 5 % to avoid negative impacts on performance while supporting intestinal health and lipid metabolism. Show less
Aim Aortic aneurysm is characterized by localized expansion and damage to the vessel wall. While apolipoprotein B (ApoB) has been linked to atherosclerosis, its causal relationship with aortic aneu Show more
Aim Aortic aneurysm is characterized by localized expansion and damage to the vessel wall. While apolipoprotein B (ApoB) has been linked to atherosclerosis, its causal relationship with aortic aneurysm remains unclear. This study used a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the causal relationships between ApoB, aortic aneurysm, and potential mediators.Material and methods Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data related to ApoB, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), triglycerides, frailty index, and aortic aneurysm were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies. MR analysis was conducted to evaluate causal relationships, using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary statistical method. Additionally, we assessed whether the frailty index mediates the relationship between ApoB and aortic aneurysm.Results Univariate MR analysis revealed that ApoB is significantly associated with aortic aneurysm (IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.443, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.273-1.637, p < 0.001). Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis, adjusted for ApoA1 and triglycerides, confirmed these results. In mediation analysis, the frailty index was found to partially mediate the effect of ApoB on aortic aneurysm (mediation contribution: 20.1 %-23.1 %). The ORs for ApoB and the frailty index with respect to aortic aneurysm were 1.325 (95 % CI = 1.168-1.505) and 4.188 (95 % CI = 1.859-9.435), respectively.Conclusion ApoB has a causal relationship with aortic aneurysm, with the frailty index acting as a partial mediator in this pathway. Show less
Previous studies have investigated the role of metabolic factors in risk of hematological malignancies with contradicting findings. Existing studies are generally limited by potential concern of rever Show more
Previous studies have investigated the role of metabolic factors in risk of hematological malignancies with contradicting findings. Existing studies are generally limited by potential concern of reverse causality and confounding by inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of glucose, lipid, and apolipoprotein biomarkers with the risk of hematological malignancy. We performed a study of over 560,000 individuals of the Swedish AMORIS cohort, with measurements of biomarkers for carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolism during 1985-1996 and follow-up until 2020. We conducted a prospective cohort study and used Cox models to investigate the association of nine different metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA I), and ApoB/ApoA-I) with risk of hematological malignancy, after excluding the first five years of follow-up and adjustment for inflammatory biomarkers. We observed a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with one SD increase of TC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.96), LDL-C (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.97), HDL-C (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.99), and ApoA-I (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.996). Our study highlights a decreased risk of hematological malignancy associated with a higher level of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and ApoA-I. Show less
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has serious harm to human hearing health, where blood lipid and inflammatory levels may play a key role in it. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to Show more
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has serious harm to human hearing health, where blood lipid and inflammatory levels may play a key role in it. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the connection between inflammatory and lipid variables and SSNHL. Patients diagnosed with SSNHL had an analysis of serum lipid parameters, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, apolipoprotein A (apo A), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)), as well as inflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-10. After that, risk factor analysis was carried out utilizing univariate, multivariate regression, and LASSO retrospective modeling. In all, 72 SSNHL patients and 67 healthy control individuals were involved. The LDL/HDL, total cholesterol, ApoB, LP(a), IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ considerably higher in the SSNHL group than in the healthy control group, however, nervonic acid and coenzyme Q were decreased significantly in SSNHL than Control group. The multivariate logistic regression model's analysis using multifactorial retrospective modeling revealed significant changes in LDL, LDL/HDL, IL-10, and TNF-α. In addition, in the LASSO regression model, the model demonstrated high discrimination, as evidenced by the C-index for the cohort's prediction nomogram, which was 0.998 (95% CI, 0.154-1.115) and confirmed to be 0.925 following bootstrapping validation. Finally, IL-10 and LDL/HDL were the main risk factors in SSNHL. LDL/HDL and IL-10 may be closely related to SSNHL's progress and should be evaluated promptly before treating patients with SSNHL. Show less
This study aims to assess the impact of intravenous infusion of fospropofol disodium on lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in individuals with hyperlipidemia. A total of 360 preoperative i Show more
This study aims to assess the impact of intravenous infusion of fospropofol disodium on lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in individuals with hyperlipidemia. A total of 360 preoperative individuals with hyperlipidemia were selected and randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group, with 180 participants in each group. The treatment group received an induction dose of fospropofol disodium at 10 mg/kg intravenously, followed by maintenance at a rate of 10 mg/(kg·h). The control group was administered propofol intravenously at 2 mg/kg for induction and maintained at 4 mg/(kg·h). All other medications were consistent between the two groups. Blood samples (3 ml of venous blood) were collected from patients at four-time points: 1 day before surgery (T At T Compared with propofol, intravenous infusion of fospropofol disodium for more than 3 h during anesthesia has lesser impact on lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and does not increase inflammatory factors levels. Show less
The causal relationship between the familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and intestinal vascular diseases was unnoticed. This study aims to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship of FH with risk Show more
The causal relationship between the familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and intestinal vascular diseases was unnoticed. This study aims to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship of FH with risk of intestinal vascular diseases in human. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed by extracting summary-level datasets for FH or FH concurrently with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and intestinal vascular diseases from the FinnGen study including 329,115, 316,290 and 350,505 individuals. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and the weighted median method were applied to analyze the causal relationships between FH or FH concurrently with IHD and the risk of intestinal vascular diseases. Cochran's Q statistic method and MR-Egger regression were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The IVW method demonstrated that FH was significantly associated with higher odds of intestinal vascular diseases [OR (95%CI): 1.22 (1.03, 1.45)] ( In conclusion, FH was causally positive-associated with the increased risk of intestinal vascular diseases, revealing a potential unfortunate outcome for FH. Therefore, patients with FH should pay closely attention to the risk of intestinal vascular diseases. Our study may provide evidence for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in clinical practices. Show less
Vascular calcification (VC) significantly increases the incidence and mortality of many diseases. The causal relationships of dyslipidaemia and lipid-lowering drug use with VC severity remain unclear. Show more
Vascular calcification (VC) significantly increases the incidence and mortality of many diseases. The causal relationships of dyslipidaemia and lipid-lowering drug use with VC severity remain unclear. This study explores the genetic causal associations of different circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drug targets with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic artery calcification (AAC). We obtained single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with seven circulating lipids and 13 lipid-lowering drug targets from publicly available genome-wide association studies and eQTL databases. Causal associations were investigated by univariable, multivariable, drug-target, and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Potential mediation effects of metabolic risk factors were evaluated. MR analysis revealed that genetic proxies for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TC) and Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were causally associated with CAC severity, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) level was causally associated with AAC severity. A significant association was detected between hepatic Lipoprotein(A) (LPA) gene expression and CAC severity. Colocalisation analysis supported the hypothesis that the association between LPA expression and CAC quantity is driven by different causal variant sites within the ±1 Mb flanking region of LPA. Serum calcium and phosphorus had causal associations with CAC severity. Inhibitors targeting LPA might represent CAC drug candidates. Moreover, T2DM, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia are positively causally associated with CAC severity, while chronic kidney disease and estimated glomerular filtration rate are not. Show less
To explore the risk factors of post pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (PPTDM)in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients and the value of perioperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) level expression o Show more
To explore the risk factors of post pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (PPTDM)in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients and the value of perioperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) level expression on the long-term survival after surgery. Between December 2015 and December 2019, a cohort of 509 patients diagnosed with PDAC and undergoing resection at our hospital was analyzed. They were stratified into two groups, Control group (Control) and study group (PPTDM), depending on the onset of postoperative diabetes mellitus. We analyzed the survival rates at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-operation in the two groups. We use univariate and logostic multivariate regressions to analyze the risk factors for PPTDM. ROC curve analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic significance of perioperative FBG levels regarding patients' long-term survival rates. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to assess the impact of both preoperative and postoperative FBG levels on the survival rates within 24 months for each patient group. The comparison of general clinical data between the two groups shows marginal differences without statistical significance(P > 0.05); Patients in PPTDM group had significantly higher BMI, preoperative jaundice proportion, larger tumor diameter, higher TNM stage and higher proportion of distal pancreatectomy (DP), with P values of 0.023, 0.010, 0.040, 0.012 and 0.005, respectively. The levels of preoperative FBG and postoperative FBG in PPTDM patients exhibited statistically significant elevation compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in surgery-related indicators between the two groups in operative time, number of dissected positive lymph nodes, total number of dissected lymph nodes, intraoperative blood loss and other related data (P > 0.05). Hospitalization duration of PPTDM patients was longer than control group (P = 0.047). PPTDM group had significantly higher expression concentrations of BUN, Cr, TG, LDL and Apo-B factors (P = 0.023, 0.024, 0.013, 0.045 and 0.017). 17 patients (5.03%) died in the PPTDM group and 4 patients (2.35%) in control group which had significantly difference (P = 0.020). In univariate and logostic multivariate regression analysis indicated tumor size, jaundice, BUN, Cr, TG, LDL, Apo-B concentrations and DP approach were significantly correlated to the risk for PPTDM (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed combining of preoperative and postoperation FBG showed the highest diagnostic efficacy, followed by postoperation FBG and preoperative FBG. The AUC areas of the three groups were 0.745, 0.623 and 0.588, respectively, and the critical values of the three groups were 9.81/9.95 mmol/L, 10.18 mmol/L and 10.23 mmol/L, respectively, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. PPTDM stands as a significant postoperative complication following pancreatic cancer surgery, characterized by a high incidence and severity. Several risk factors have garnered considerable attention among clinical surgeon. PPTDM may be an influential factor in postoperative prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The expression levels of preoperative and postoperative blood glucose hold diagnostic value for the long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Early regulation and intervention by surgeons concerning perioperative FBG could potentially mitigate the risk of PPTDM. Show less
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection is a major cause of coccidiosis in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to its impact on the cecum. This study presents a Show more
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection is a major cause of coccidiosis in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to its impact on the cecum. This study presents a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the chicken cecal epithelium by generating 7,394 cells using 10X Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identified 13 distinct cell types, including key immune and epithelial populations, and characterized their gene expression profiles and cell-cell communication networks. Integration of this single-cell data with bulk RNA-seq data from E. tenella-infected chickens revealed significant alterations in cell type composition and state, particularly a marked decrease in APOB Show less
To evaluate the impact of maximal fat oxidation intensity exercise combined with calorie restriction intervention on lipid-related parameters in a hypercholesterolemic population, and to determine if Show more
To evaluate the impact of maximal fat oxidation intensity exercise combined with calorie restriction intervention on lipid-related parameters in a hypercholesterolemic population, and to determine if an optimal range of calorie restriction exists for effectively enhancing blood lipid profiles. A 4-week intervention study combined exercise and calorie restriction for 64 patients aged 18-60 with secondary hypercholesterolemia. Ultimately, 43 participants completed the study. The dietary intervention adhered to the principles of a balanced diet, with meal plans designed to provide three meals per day for the duration of the study. Each subject's daily calorie intake was set to match their individual resting energy expenditure (REE) plus varying proportions of physical activity (PA) calories. Participants were divided into four groups based on these proportions: REE only, REE + PA33%, REE + PA67%, and REE + PA100%. FATmax exercises were conducted 5 times per week, lasting 1 h each. 1) Compared with baseline, subjects' body weight, fat mass and body fat rate decreased significantly; fat-free mass also decreased significantly in the REE, REE + PA33%, and REE + PA67% groups. 2) Subjects' serum TC decreased significantly; serum LDL-C and ApoB decreased significantly in the REE, REE + PA33%, and REE + PA67% groups; there were no significant changes in serum HDL-C and ApoA1. 3) Serum PCSK9 was significantly decreased in the REE and the REE + PA 67% groups; serum LDLR was significantly decreased in all groups of subjects. 4) Between the groups, the rate of change in serum LDL-C was significantly different. FATmax exercise combined with proper proportions of calorie restriction can significantly decrease serum cholesterol levels and fat mass in hypercholesterolemic patients. Nevertheless, it is misleading to assume that a drastic reduction in calorie intake invariably results in superior outcomes. Optimal cost-effectiveness may be achieved within a calorie restriction range of REE + PA33-67%. Show less
The liver‒brain axis is critical in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), with lipid metabolism influencing neuroinflammation and microglial function. A systematic investigation of the genetic relationshi Show more
The liver‒brain axis is critical in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), with lipid metabolism influencing neuroinflammation and microglial function. A systematic investigation of the genetic relationship between lipid metabolism abnormalities and ND, namely, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is lacking. To assess potential causal links between ND and six lipid parameters, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used. Large-scale European ancestry GWAS data for lipid parameters and ND (AD, ALS, PD, and MS) were used. Genetic variants demonstrating significant correlations (P < 5 × 10 MR via the inverse-variance weighted method revealed causal effects of cholesterol (CHOL, OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18, P = 4.23 × 10⁻ Higher CHOL and LDLC levels were associated with increased ALS risk, suggesting a potential causal link, and supporting the liver‒brain axis hypothesis in ND. Current genetic evidence does not support a significant role for lipid metabolism in PD and MS etiology, suggesting the relationship between lipid metabolism and other NDs may be more complex and warrants further investigation. Show less
To investigate the causal relationship between various lipid-modifying drugs and new-onset diabetes, as well as the mediators contributing to this relationship. Mediation Mendelian randomization was p Show more
To investigate the causal relationship between various lipid-modifying drugs and new-onset diabetes, as well as the mediators contributing to this relationship. Mediation Mendelian randomization was performed to investigate the causal effect of lipid-modifying drug targets on type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes and the proportion of this association that is mediated through ectopic fat accumulation traits. Specific sets of variants in or near genes that encode 11 lipid-modifying drug targets (LDLR, HMGCR, NPC1L1, PCSK9, APOB, ABCG5/ABCG8, LPL, PPARA, ANGPTL3, APOC3, and CETP; for expansion of gene symbols, use search tool at www.genenames.org) were extracted. Random effects inverse variance weighted were performed to evaluate the causal effects among outcomes. Mediation analyses were performed to identify the mediators of the association between lipid-modifying drugs and T2D. The study was conducted from November 10, 2023, to April 2, 2024 RESULTS: The genetic mimicry of HMGCR and APOB inhibition was associated with an increased T2D risk, whereas the genetic mimicry of LPL enhancement was linked to a lower T2D risk. Gluteofemoral adipose tissue volume was a mediator for explaining 9.52% (P=.002), 16.90% (P=.03), and 10.50% (P=.003) of the total effect of HMGCR, APOB, and LPL on T2D susceptibility, respectively. Liver fat was a mediator for explaining 21.12% (P=.005), 12.28% (P=.03), and 9.84% (P=.005) of the total effect of HMGCR, APOB, and LPL on T2D susceptibility, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that liver fat and gluteofemoral adipose tissue play a mediating role in the prodiabetic effects of HMGCR and APOB inhibition, as well as in the antidiabetic effects of LPL enhancement. Show less
Rotator cuff tear is the most common tendon injury. Currently, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is the primary method for diagnosing and treating rotator cuff tear. One of the major complicatio Show more
Rotator cuff tear is the most common tendon injury. Currently, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is the primary method for diagnosing and treating rotator cuff tear. One of the major complications following ARCR is retear. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between systemic lipid metabolism and retear occurrence after ARCR through a retrospective analysis of postoperative patients. This retrospective study reviewed consecutive patients of a single surgeon who underwent ARCR from January 2021 to January 2022. Eligibility for inclusion required complete sequential follow-up data, encompassing preoperative laboratory tests and a series of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Exclusion criteria included patients with incomplete laboratory tests, a history of tumors, prior shoulder surgeries, isolated subscapularis tendon tears, the rotator cuff related muscles are not clearly or completely displayed in MRI, absence of follow-up MRI, or those under treatment with lipid-lowering medications. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify preoperative factors associated with retear, with statistical significance adjudged at P < .05. From the initial cohort of 400 patients who underwent ARCR during the study period, 202 met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were subsequently divided into a training group (n = 122) and a test group (n = 80), maintaining a ratio of 6:4. Statistical analysis revealed significant risk factors for post-ARCR retear including high body mass index (>27.1; odds ratio (OR): 5.994, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.762-13.980; P = .042), subscapularis muscle fatty infiltration of Grades 3 and 4 (OR: 8.509, 95%CI: 3.811-17.702; P = .009), serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels exceeding 1.4 g/L (OR: 9.658, 95%CI: 3.520-21.753; P = .028), and an ApoB/A1 ratio greater than 1.8 (OR: 5.098, 95%CI: 1.787-10.496; P = .016). Conversely, the serum high-density lipoprotein level above 1.2 mmol/L (OR: -3.342, 95%CI: -7.466 to 0.659; P = .039) served as a protective factor. The model incorporating these 5 factors predicted retear with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 98.0% (area under the curve = 0.924, accuracy = 90.3%). Moreover, a new model comprising 3 lipid metabolism-related factors including high-density lipoprotein, ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio showed a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 83.2% (area under the curve = 0.866, accuracy = 85.8%) for predicting retear after ARCR. A predictive model utilizing key systemic lipid metabolism markers including HDL, ApoB, and the ApoB/A1 ratio, demonstrates effective forecasting of retear incidence following ARCR. Show less
This study aimed to analyse the relationship of the blood lipid profile and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with osteoporosis and osteopenia and to explore the predictive value of the combined application of the Show more
This study aimed to analyse the relationship of the blood lipid profile and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with osteoporosis and osteopenia and to explore the predictive value of the combined application of these biomarkers in osteoporosis and osteopenia. Data from 276 patients treated in the orthopaedics department were retrospectively analysed. Their general information was collected, and the relationships among the blood lipid profile, IL-6 with bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were analysed. Patients were categorized based on their T scores for intergroup comparisons. Finally, the diagnostic efficiency of lipid metabolism markers and IL-6 for osteoporosis and osteopenia was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. (1) In both males and females, a negative relationship was observed between BMD and several biomarkers, including total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFAs), and IL-6. Additionally, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was negatively correlated with BMD only in females, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was positively correlated with BMD only in males. (2) FFAs and IL-6 were positively correlated with β-CrossLaps peptide in males. However, for females, TC, ApoB, LDL-C, and IL-6 were negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D. FFAs, IL-6, and age were negatively correlated with osteocalcin in males and females. (3) According to the T scores for the lumbar spine, the TC, ApoA1, ApoB, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, and IL-6 levels in the osteoporosis group and the TC, ApoB, LDL-C, and FFA levels in the osteopenia group were significantly greater than those in the normal bone mass group. Additionally, the osteoporosis group presented substantially higher levels of ApoA1, FFAs, and IL-6 than the osteopenia group. (4) IL-6 was positively correlated with FFAs, while a negative correlation was observed with TC, ApoA1, ApoB, HDL-C, and LDL-C. (5) The ROC curve revealed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for predicting osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.634, 0.713, 0.670, 0.628, and 0.516, respectively, whereas the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and ApoA1 was 0.846, and the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.842. In the sex stratification analysis, in males, the AUCs of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for the prediction of osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.596, 0.688, 0.739, and 0.539, respectively. In contrast, the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.838. In females, the AUCs of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for predicting osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.620, 0.728, 0.653, 0.611, and 0.502, respectively, whereas the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and ApoA1 was 0.841, and the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.828. The levels of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and ApoB could contribute to changes in bone metabolism, moreover, FFAs could induce an increase in IL-6 further aggravating bone mass loss and leading to osteoporosis. Based on the comparison of the AUC results, the combination of TC, FFAs, and IL-6 with ApoA1 or the ApoA1/ApoB ratio can better predict osteoporosis or osteopenia in patients, and the diagnostic efficiency is significantly better than that of any individual indicator. The regulation of blood lipid levels should become a new target for clinicians to treat osteoporosis and osteopenia. Show less
Saturated fatty acid (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) have distinct impacts on health. Whether SFA and UFA are differentially transported in liver remains elusive. Here, we find the secretion of Show more
Saturated fatty acid (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) have distinct impacts on health. Whether SFA and UFA are differentially transported in liver remains elusive. Here, we find the secretion of UFA but not SFA esters is retarded in a male mouse hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress model. Among 13 members of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, only PDIA1 (PDI) deficiency leads to hepatosteatosis and hypolipidemia. In PDI-deficient male mouse liver, there is a severe accumulation but secretory blockade of UFA esters, whereas the accumulation and secretion of SFA esters remain normal. PDI catalyzes the oxidative folding of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). In addition, PDI deficiency in hepatocytes abolishes Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion while maintaining partial ApoB-48 VLDL secretion. In summary, we find that the secretion of UFA esters is PDI-MTP indispensable, while SFA esters could be transferred out of liver via ApoB-48 VLDL through a PDI-MTP-independent pathway. Show less
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose potential health risks to lipid metabolism, but the effects of emerging PFAS alternatives, particularly in children, remain unclear. This cross-sectiona Show more
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose potential health risks to lipid metabolism, but the effects of emerging PFAS alternatives, particularly in children, remain unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between emerging PFAS exposure and lipid levels in 294 Chinese children aged 7-10 years, analyzing blood samples for 14 PFAS and lipid profiles, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA, PFO4DA, and PFO5DoDA was associated with higher TC, TG, and LDL levels, with PFO4DA increasing the TC by 1.7% and PFO5DoDA increasing the TG by 10.7%. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression showed mixed PFAS exposure positively associated with TG (0.08, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.153). PFO4DA had the highest weight for TC (0.468), TG (0.327), LDL (0.57), ApoA1 (0.243), and ApoB (0.466), while PFMOAA had the highest weight for HDL (0.332). Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) analysis confirmed positive associations between the PFAS mixture and TC, TG, LDL, and ApoA1. Mediation analysis revealed that mtDNAcn significantly mediated PFAS exposure's effect on TG levels, explaining 27.2-74.2% of the total effect. These findings highlight the need for regulatory action to address the emerging PFAS risks. Show less
Ovarian cancer presents a significant treatment challenge due to its insidious nature and high malignancy. As autophagy is a vital cellular process for maintaining homeostasis, targeting the autophagi Show more
Ovarian cancer presents a significant treatment challenge due to its insidious nature and high malignancy. As autophagy is a vital cellular process for maintaining homeostasis, targeting the autophagic pathway has emerged as an avenue for cancer therapy. In the present study, we identify apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), a key modulator of lipid metabolism, as a potential prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer. ApoB100 functioned as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer, and the knockdown of ApoB100 promoted ovarian cancer progression in vivo. Moreover, ApoB100 blocked autophagic flux, which was dependent on interfering with the lipid accumulation/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress axis. The effects of LFG-500, a novel synthetic flavonoid, on ApoB100 induction were confirmed using proteomics and lipidomics analyses. Herein, LFG-500 induced lipid accumulation and ER stress and subsequently blocked autophagy by upregulating ApoB100. Moreover, data from in vivo experiments further demonstrated that ApoB100, as well as the induction of the lipid/ER stress axis and subsequent blockade of autophagy, were responsible for the anti-tumor effects of LFG-500 on ovarian cancer. Hence, our findings support that ApoB100 is a feasible target of ovarian cancer associated with lipid-regulated autophagy and provide evidence for using LFG-500 for ovarian cancer treatment. Show less
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between apolipoproteins (ApoA1, ApoB, and the ApoB/A1 ratio) and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary arte Show more
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between apolipoproteins (ApoA1, ApoB, and the ApoB/A1 ratio) and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and impaired kidney function, assessing their potential role in secondary prevention. A prospective cohort of 1,640 patients with impaired kidney function who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in China was analyzed. Patients were categorized based on the measurements of ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoB/A1 ratio. MACE, defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarctions, strokes, and unplanned revascularizations, was tracked post-procedure, with statistical analyses including Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models to identify associations with apolipoproteins. Subgroup analyses according to kidney function were conducted. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 324 MACE events were observed. Multivariable Cox regression analyses illustrated higher levels of ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio were significantly associated with increased MACE incidence (adjusted HR [95%CI] 1.668[1.044-2.666]; adjusted HR [95%CI] 2.231[1.409-3.533], respectively), while lower ApoA1 levels correlated with a higher risk (adjusted HR [95%CI] 0.505[0.326-0.782]). ROC curve analyses indicated comparable predictive performances to traditional risk factors like LDL cholesterol. Subgroup analysis revealed that the above association was not statistically significant in the moderate-to-severe renal impairment CAD patients (eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m Our findings illustrate that apolipoproteins, specifically ApoA1 and ApoB, along with their ratio, are significant predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in CAD patients with impaired kidney function. These results emphasize the need for incorporating apolipoprotein measurements in secondary prevention strategies for this high-risk population. Show less
This study investigates the relationship between serum homocysteine, blood lipids, and perinatal outcomes in patients with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glu Show more
This study investigates the relationship between serum homocysteine, blood lipids, and perinatal outcomes in patients with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). A prospective cohort of 150 diet-controlled GDM patients and 150 pregnant women with NGT, all delivering at our hospital, were selected based on predefined criteria. Data on demographics, physical parameters, and perinatal outcomes were compiled. Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) were collected before delivery. GDM patients exhibited higher levels of FPG, Hcy, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, but lower HDL-C and apoA1 levels compared to the NGT group. Adverse outcomes such as macrosomia, premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage were more prevalent in the GDM group. In GDM patients, neonatal birth weight positively correlated with FPG and TG levels. Stratified Hcy analysis in GDM showed no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. However, the third quartile of the apoB/apoA1 ratio had a lower incidence of macrosomia compared to the first quartile, and the second quartile showed a higher incidence of birth asphyxia. GDM patients demonstrated increased levels of Hcy, FPG, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, correlating with more adverse perinatal outcomes than healthy pregnant individuals. The relationships between Hcy, lipids, and these outcomes remain inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. Show less
At present, there is no consensus on the relationship between selenium (Se) exposure and human serum lipid metabolism. The etiological role of high-Se exposure in lipid markers, dyslipidemia, and nona Show more
At present, there is no consensus on the relationship between selenium (Se) exposure and human serum lipid metabolism. The etiological role of high-Se exposure in lipid markers, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) remains unclear. We used serum untargeted metabolomics analysis to evaluate whether high-Se exposure is cross-sectionally associated with lipid metabolism in adults from high-Se exposure area (n = 112) and control area (n = 101) in Hubei Province, China. An untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomic analysis identified 144 differential pathways and yielded 204 differentially abundant metabolites, including 32 lipid metabolites associated with lipids profiles. To further explore the correlation between Se exposure and serum lipid metabolism, we measured serum levels of lipid profiles among all the people, including serum cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (APOB). The average serum Se level of the high-Se exposure group was 537.18 μg/L, significantly higher than 72.98 μg/L in the control group (p < 0.0001). The measurement levels of serum TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and APOB in the high-Se exposure group were 1.03 (0.76, 1.34) mmol/L, 2.25 ± 0.48 mmol/L, 1.12 ± 0.24 mmol/L, and 0.77 ± 0.15 g/L, respectively, while the control group were 1.13 (0.84, 1.80) mmol/L, 2.56 ± 0.61 mmol/L, 1.02 ± 0.22 mmol/L, and 0.83 ± 0.16 g/L, respectively (all p values <0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between serum Se and CHOL (r = -0.201, p < 0.01), serum Se is also associated with metabolomics markers, the negative correlation includes glyceric acid and ect., the positive correlation includes phosphorylcholine and ect. Our study suggests that high-Se exposure is negatively associated with serum lipid profiles and decreases the risk of high-TC and HDL-C dyslipidemia. Show less
The existing evidence regarding the impact of tamoxifen on lipoprotein(a) and apolipoproteins remains inconsistent. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to Show more
The existing evidence regarding the impact of tamoxifen on lipoprotein(a) and apolipoproteins remains inconsistent. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to enhance the quality of evidence concerning the effects of tamoxifen on these lipid parameters. Eligible RCTs published up to October 2024 were meticulously selected through a comprehensive search. A meta-analysis was then performed using a random-effects model, and results were presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Findings from the random-effects model revealed an increase in ApoA-I (WMD: 15.22 mg/dL, 95% CI: 6.43-24.01, P = 0.001), alongside decreases in ApoB (WMD: -9.33 mg/dL, 95% CI: -15.46 to -3.19, P = 0.003) and lipoprotein(a) (WMD: -3.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.78 to -0.91, P = 0.007) levels following tamoxifen treatment in women. Subgroup analyses indicated a more significant reduction in lipoprotein(a) levels in RCTs with a duration of ≤24 weeks (WMD: -3.65 mg/dL) and in studies using tamoxifen doses of ≥20 mg/day (WMD: -4.53 mg/dL). This meta-analysis provides evidence that tamoxifen leads to a decrease in lipoprotein(a) levels, along with reductions in ApoB and increases in ApoA-I among women. Show less
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a practical and effective method for treating coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to explore the influencing factors of major cardiovascular event Show more
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a practical and effective method for treating coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to explore the influencing factors of major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and hospital readmission risk within one year following PCI treatment. Additionally, it seeks to assess the clinical value of Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoB/ApoA-I) in predicting the risk of one-year MACEs and readmission post-PCI. A retrospective study included 1938 patients who underwent PCI treatment from January 2010 to December 2018 at Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University. Patient demographics, medications, and biochemical indicators were recorded upon admission, with one-year follow-up post-operation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to establish the relationship between ApoB/ApoA-I levels and MACEs/readmission. Predictive nomograms were constructed to forecast MACEs and readmission, with the accuracy of the nomograms assessed using the concordance index. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the occurrence of MACEs and readmission. We observed a correlation between ApoB/ApoA-I and other lipid indices, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ApoB/ApoA-I is an independent risk factor for MACEs in post-PCI patients (P = 0.038). Within one year, the incidence of MACEs significantly increased in the high-level ApoB/ApoA-I group (ApoB/ApoA-I ratio ≥ 0.824) (P = 0.038), while the increase in readmission incidence within one year was not statistically significant. Furthermore, a nomogram predicting one-year MACEs was established (Concordance Index: 0.668). Subgroup analysis revealed that ApoB/ApoA-I was associated with the occurrence of both MACEs and readmission in male patients, those using CCB/ARB/ACEI, those without multivessel diseases, or those with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio serves as an independent risk factor for one-year MACEs in post-PCI patients and correlates closely with other blood lipid indicators. ApoB/ApoA-I demonstrates significant predictive value for the occurrence of MACEs within one year.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry: No.ChiCTR22000597-23. Show less
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inclisiran in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Randomized controlled trials comparing inclisiran with a placebo were searched until April 2024. Overall, 8 Show more
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inclisiran in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Randomized controlled trials comparing inclisiran with a placebo were searched until April 2024. Overall, 8 studies involving 4947 patients were included. Inclisiran reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference [MD]: -46.95 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: -53.26 to -40.46; P < 0.05), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (MD: -70.80 %; 95 % CI: -76.52 to -65.08; P < 0.05), serum total cholesterol (MD: -29.47 %; 95 % CI: -32.56 to -26.39; P < 0.05), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: -40.46 %; 95 % CI: -45.24 to -35.68; P < 0.05), apolipoprotein B (MD: -36.77 %; 95 % CI: -40.94 to -32.61; P < 0.05), and lipoprotein(a) (MD: -20.04 %; 95 % CI: -24.2 to -15.87; P < 0.05) levels but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (MD: 6.09 %; 95 % CI: 3.63 to 8.55; P < 0.05). The incidences of adverse events, serious adverse events, headache, nasopharyngitis, and muscular adverse reactions were not significantly different between the inclisiran and placebo groups. Inclisiran reduced the incidence of cardiovascular adverse reactions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95 % CI: 0.65 to 0.96; P = 0.02) and increased the incidence of injection-site reactions (OR = 4.79; 95 % CI: 2.18 to 10.52; P < 0.05). Inclisiran is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia and has a good safety profile. Show less
Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) are individually associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Moreover, previous basic research has implicate Show more
Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) are individually associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Moreover, previous basic research has implicated the potential interaction between apoB and Lp(a) in the atherogenic process. We aimed to determine whether apoB levels significantly modulate ASCVD risk associated with Lp(a) in a large community-based population without baseline cardiovascular disease. Plasma Lp(a) and apoB were measured in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Elevated Lp(a) was defined as the highest race-specific quintile, and elevated apoB was defined as ≥89 mg/dl (median value). The modifying effect of apoB on the Lp(a)-related risk of ASCVD and coronary heart disease (CHD) was determined using Cox regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Among 12,988 ARIC participants, 3,888 ASCVD events and 1754 CHD events were observed. Elevated apoB (≥89 mg/dl) and elevated Lp(a) (race-specific quintile 5) were independently associated with ASCVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.30; P <0.001; HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.16-1.40; P < .001, respectively). Lp(a)-by-apoB interaction was noted [Lp(a) (quintile 1-4 or quintile 5) * apoB (<89 or ≥89 mg/dl) = 0.002]. Compared to the concordantly low Lp(a) group, the individuals with high Lp(a) had a greater ASCVD risk only when apoB was elevated (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.34-1.63; P < .001). In the context of primary prevention, ASCVD risk associated with Lp(a) was observed only when apoB was elevated. The measurement of apoB can further refine and contextualize the ASCVD risk associated with Lp(a). Show less
Lipoproteins are essential for lipid transport in all bilaterians. A single Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) molecule is the inseparable structural scaffold of each ApoB-containing lipoprotein (B-lps), which a Show more
Lipoproteins are essential for lipid transport in all bilaterians. A single Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) molecule is the inseparable structural scaffold of each ApoB-containing lipoprotein (B-lps), which are responsible for transporting lipids to peripheral tissues. The cellular mechanisms that regulate ApoB and B-lp production, secretion, transport, and degradation remain to be fully defined. In humans, elevated levels of vascular B-lps play a causative role in cardiovascular disease. Previously, we have detailed that human B-lp biology is remarkably conserved in the zebrafish using an Show less
Depression is a pervasive mental illness that has a significant impact on public health globally. This study aimed to identify risk factors for depression and elucidate their causal relationships. Usi Show more
Depression is a pervasive mental illness that has a significant impact on public health globally. This study aimed to identify risk factors for depression and elucidate their causal relationships. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Serum ApoB was log-transformed and further divided into 4 groups. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between serum ApoB and depression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to observe the stability of the association between them. Smooth curve fitting was used to investigate nonlinear correlations. The causal effect of serum ApoB on depression was assessed using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. A total of 6531 participated in the study. After adjusting for all covariates, serum ApoB levels were positively associated with depression after adjustment for all covariates (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI = 1.06-1.84; P = 0.0176). Unfortunately, there was no significant causal relationship between serum ApoB and depression (OR = 0.9985,95 % CI = 0.9962-1.0008; P = 0.1923). Sensitivity analysis verified the reliability of the results. Serum ApoB was positively associated with an increased risk of depression, but MR analysis did not show a genetic causal relationship between ApoB and depression. Based on the results of the current study, no indication maintaining high levels of ApoB contributes to the management of depression. The main limitation of this study is the inconsistency of the cross-sectional study and the MR population. Show less
High-abundance serum proteins, mostly modified by N-glycans, are usually depleted from human sera to achieve in-depth analyses of serum proteome and sub-proteomes. In this study, we show that these hi Show more
High-abundance serum proteins, mostly modified by N-glycans, are usually depleted from human sera to achieve in-depth analyses of serum proteome and sub-proteomes. In this study, we show that these high-abundance glycoproteins (HAGPs) can be used as valuable standard glycopeptide resources, as long as the structural features of their glycans have been well defined at the glycosite-specific level. By directly analyzing intact glycopeptides enriched from serum, we identified 1322 unique glycopeptides at 48 N-glycosites from the top 12 HAGPs (19 subclasses). These HAGPs could be further classified into four major groups based on the structural features of their attached N-glycans. Immunoglobins including IGHG1/2/3/4, IGHA1/2 and IGHM were mostly modified by core fucosylated and bisected N-glycans with rarely sialic acids. Alpha-1-acid glycoproteins (ORM1/2) and haptoglobins (HP) were mainly modified by tri-and tetra-antennary (40 %) N-glycans with antenna-fucoses and sialic acids. Complement components C3 and C4A/B were highly modified by oligo-mannose glycans. The other HAGPs including SERPINA1, A2M, TF, FGB/G and APOB mainly contain bi-antennary complex glycans with the common core structure and (sialyl-) LacNAc branch structures. These HAGPs are easily detected by LC-MS analysis and therefore could be used as standard glycopeptides for glycoproteomic methodology studies as well as possible clinical utilities. Show less
Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (AS) are the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of low-density lipoproteins, is a major contr Show more
Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (AS) are the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of low-density lipoproteins, is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality, with apolipoprotein B (ApoB) playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. However, no bibliometric studies on the involvement of ApoB in AS have been published. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore the current and future trends regarding the role of ApoB in AS. Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection, a thorough search was conducted for ApoB in AS-related papers related to research on ApoB in the field of AS during 1991-2023. The analysis focused on annual publication trends, leading countries/regions and institutions, influential authors, journal and key journals. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to visualize reference co-citations, and keyword co-occurrences, offering insights into the research landscape and emerging trends. This bibliometric analysis employed network diagrams for cluster analysis of a total of 2105 articles and reviews, evidencing a discernible upward trend in annual publication volume. This corpus of research emanates from 76 countries/regions and 2343 organizations, illustrating the widespread international engagement in ApoB-related AS studies. Notably, the United States and the University of California emerge as the most prolific contributors, which underscores their pivotal roles in advancing this research domain. The thematic investigation has increasingly focused on elucidating the mechanistic involvement of ApoB in atherosclerosis, its potential as a diagnostic biomarker, and its implications for therapeutic strategies. This bibliometric analysis provides the first comprehensive perspective on the evolving promise of ApoB in AS-related research, emphasizing the importance of this molecule in opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. This study emphasizes the need for continued research and interdisciplinary efforts to strengthen the fight against AS. Furthermore, it emphasizes the critical role of international collaboration and interdisciplinary exploration in leveraging new insights to achieve clinical breakthroughs, thereby addressing the complexities of AS by focusing on ApoB. Show less