👤 Danial Hashemi Karoii

A paternal high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to affect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ( In this experimental study, adult male Wistar rats (F0) were fed for 60 days with one of the following four diets: control diets (C), control diets with trans fatty acids (CTH), diets containing vitamin E (E) and diets containing vitamin E and trans fatty acids (ETH). Then the male offspring (F1) were raised on standard chow, and their testicular tissue was later analyzed to assess the impact of paternal diet on gene expression, and the expression of the The data revealed that paternal HFD can suppress the expression of Our findings demonstrate the metabolic impact of paternal diet on offspring's, with focus on mechanisms related to altered lipid metabolism and reproductive health. Show less

During mammalian spermatogenesis, the cytoskeleton system plays a significant role in morphological changes. Male infertility such as non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) might be explained by studies of the cytoskeletal system during spermatogenesis. The cytoskeleton, scaffold, and actin-binding genes were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics (771 spermatogenic cellsgenes and 774 Sertoli cell genes). To validate these findings, we cross-referenced our results with data from a single-cell genomics database. In the microarray analyses of three human cases with different NOA spermatogenic cells, the expression of TBL3, MAGEA8, KRTAP3-2, KRT35, VCAN, MYO19, FBLN2, SH3RF1, ACTR3B, STRC, THBS4, and CTNND2 were upregulated, while expression of NTN1, ITGA1, GJB1, CAPZA1, SEPTIN8, and GOLGA6L6 were downregulated. There was an increase in KIRREL3, TTLL9, GJA1, ASB1, and RGPD5 expression in the Sertoli cells of three human cases with NOA, whereas expression of DES, EPB41L2, KCTD13, KLHL8, TRIOBP, ECM2, DVL3, ARMC10, KIF23, SNX4, KLHL12, PACSIN2, ANLN, WDR90, STMN1, CYTSA, and LTBP3 were downregulated. A combined analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and STRING, were used to predict proteins' molecular interactions and then to recognize master pathways. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the biological process (BP) mitotic cytokinesis, cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis, and positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion were significantly associated with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in spermatogenic cells. Moleculare function (MF) of DEGs that were up/down regulated, it was found that tubulin bindings, gap junction channels, and tripeptide transmembrane transport were more significant in our analysis. An analysis of GO enrichment findings of Sertoli cells showed BP and MF to be common DEGs. Cell-cell junction assembly, cell-matrix adhesion, and regulation of SNARE complex assembly were significantly correlated with common DEGs for BP. In the study of MF, U3 snoRNA binding, and cadherin binding were significantly associated with common DEGs. Our analysis, leveraging single-cell data, substantiated our findings, demonstrating significant alterations in gene expression patterns. Show less

Numerous variables that regulate the metabolism of Sertoli cells and sperm have been identified, one of which is sex steroid hormones. These hormones play a vital role in maintaining energy homeostasis, influencing the overall metabolic balance of the human body. The proper functioning of the reproductive system is closely linked to energy status, as the reproductive axis responds to metabolic signals. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression patterns of metabolite interconversion enzymes in testicular cells (Sertoli cells and spermatogonia) of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients, as compared to normal controls, to understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to NOA. We used microarray and bioinformatics techniques to analyze 2912 genes encoding metabolite interconversion enzymes, including methyltransferase, monooxygenase, transmembrane reductase, and phosphohydrolase, in both testicular cells and normal samples. In sperm, the upregulation of MOXD1, ACAD10, PCYT1A, ARG1, METTL6, GPLD1, MAOA, and CYP46A1 was observed, while ENTPD2, CPT1C, ADC, and CYB5B were downregulated. Similarly, in the Sertoli cells of three NOA patients, RPIA, PIK3C3, LYPLA2, CA11, MBOAT7, and HDHD2 were upregulated, while NAA25, MAN2A1, CYB561, PNPLA5, RRM2, and other genes were downregulated. Using STRING and Cytoscape, we predicted the functional and molecular interactions of these proteins and identified key hub genes. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted significant roles for G1/S-specific transcription, pyruvate metabolism, and citric acid metabolism in sperm, and the p53 signaling pathway and folate metabolism in Sertoli cells. Additionally, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were performed to validate these findings, revealing significant alterations in gene expression and cellular distribution in NOA patients. Together, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NOA and identify potential therapeutic targets. Show less