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This study aimed to compare the safety profile of high-power (HPL) and low-power (LPL) Holmium:YAG lasers in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), using urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI). Sixty patients with renal stones (1.5-2.5 cm) were prospectively randomized into HPL and LPL groups. Urinary KIM-1 and KIM-1/creatinine ratios were measured preoperatively and at 4 and 24 h postoperatively. Intraoperative parameters, stone-free rates (SFR), complications, and renal function (eGFR, serum creatinine) were also assessed. Intrarenal temperatures were recorded before and after lithotripsy. Operative time, SFR, complication rates, and renal function parameters were similar between groups (p > 0.05). However, KIM-1 levels were significantly higher in the HPL group at 24 h postoperatively (278.8 ± 239.6 pg/mL vs. 170.3 ± 172.9 pg/mL, p = 0.003), and the KIM-1/creatinine ratio was also elevated (5.5 ± 4.5 vs. 3.1 ± 2.0, p = 0.035). No significant differences were observed in postoperative serum creatinine or eGFR. Intraoperative renal temperatures increased slightly in the HPL group, but the difference was not statistically significant. While high-power laser lithotripsy does not adversely affect global renal function, it is associated with elevated levels of renal injury biomarkers, suggesting greater subclinical renal stress. Show less

The present study aimed to compare photobiomodulation (PBMT) and the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), after surgical removal of lower lip lesions with a high-power diode laser. This was a series of 13 cases, in which all subjects were treated with high-power diode laser (808 nm) in continuous mode, with a power between 2.0 and 2.5 W. In the experimental group (G1) (n = 7), the subjects underwent PBMT using a low-power laser (LPL) (660 nm, 1 J, 40 mW, spot area of ​​0.04 cm², punctual), on the first, third and seventh post-surgery day. In the control group (G2) (n = 6), a NSAID (nimesulide 100 mg, every 12 h, for five days) was prescribed, and the LPL device was positioned, without being activated, to mimic the PBMT. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to assess postoperative pain. The size of the surgical wound was measured immediately after surgery, as well as after two, seven, 15 and 30 days. For statistical analysis, the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Most subjects were male (53.8%) with a mean age of 44.7 years. Subjects in G1 reported less pain during follow-ups than those in G2, but with no significant differences between groups in all experimental times (p > 0.05). In the analysis, after seven days, the G1 presented a smaller surgical wound (p = 0.017). PBMT can be an alternative in relation to the use of nimesulide, allowing for less painful symptoms and optimization of the healing process. Show less

This study investigated the brain functional characteristics of patients with neuropathic pain (NP) following spinal cord injury (SCI) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of 35 subjects were enrolled, including 10 able-bodied controls, 12 patients with SCI and NP (SCI-NP), and 13 patients with SCI (without NP). fNIRS was used to detected blood oxygen signals during motor tasks and resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) in the subjects. We also performed Pearson correlation analyses of pain scores (NPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in patients with SCI-NP. Statistical analyses were performed using Shapiro-Wilk test for normality; paired During the task state, patients with SCI-NP activated bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1, L/R Patients with SCI-NP exhibit significant abnormal cerebral cortical excitation and reduced FC. HbO is a potential biomarker for evaluating NP. fNIRS supports objective assessment of SCI-NP and rehabilitation strategy formulation [ChiCTR2500097098]. Show less

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a cancer with high morbidity and mortality, urgently requires the development of a clinical prediction model with high robustness and generalizability and its prognostic study of the tumor microenvironment to provide personalized clinical treatment for patients. Key prognostic genes were screened by analyzing mRNA expression data from GTEx and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using limma difference analysis, Cox analysis, and machine learning (ML) algorithms. TCGA database was used as a training set, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium database was used as a test set to screen the best prognostic modeling algorithms using a combination of 101 ML algorithms for training and constructing Nomo score plots based on the algorithmic risk scores as well as Shiny online prediction models. Based on shapley additive explanations analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed on the 6 genes screened to visualize the importance of prognostic genes. HCC tumor mutation load analysis was also performed. A risk prediction model for HCC death was developed based on the RSF algorithm, with an RSF model C-index of 0.765 and AUC values of 0.978, 0.989, and 0.964 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC curves for the Nomo score model, respectively. LPL, RAET1E, RNASEH2A, GTF2H4, SCML2, and PRDM12 were potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, among which SCML2 and PRDM12 were significantly correlated with multiple drugs in drug sensitivity analysis.TP53 mutations were correlated with patients' age, chronological age, gender, histological tumor stage, T stage, and lymph node metastasis. An online HCC mortality risk prediction model was developed using the RSF algorithm. LPL, RAET1E, RNASEH2A, GTF2H4, SCML2, and PRDM12 are potential prognostic target genes, whereas TP53 mutations are associated with clinical features that may inform the development of HCC therapy. Show less

Intensive aquaculture frequently utilizes high-fat diets (HF) as a cost-effective strategy, yet this practice often induces hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in carnivorous fish. Betaine, a natural methyl donor, has shown potential as a functional feed additive, but its comprehensive protective mechanisms under HF stress remain to be fully elucidated. Juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed one of four isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks: a normal-fat control (Control), a high-fat diet (HF), and two high-fat diets supplemented with 0.5% (HFB0.5) or 1.0% (HFB1) betaine. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, lipid metabolism, and inflammation were analyzed. The HF group exhibited significantly impaired growth, digestive function, and antioxidant capacity, along with elevated lipid peroxidation, dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Betaine supplementation restored growth performance and feed efficiency to control levels, ameliorated digestive enzyme activities (particularly enhancing lipase), and activated the hepatic Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, upregulating antioxidant genes (nrf2, sod1, cat, gpx, ho-1, gr) and enhancing enzyme activities. Betaine also improved serum lipid profiles, upregulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation (pparα, cpt-1) and lipolysis (lpl, hsl), suppressed lipogenic genes (srebp-1, fas), and rebalanced inflammatory cytokines by reducing tnf-α and il-1β while increasing tgf-β1 and il-10. Dietary betaine effectively counteracts HF-induced metabolic stress in M. salmoides through coordinated multi-pathway regulation. It enhances antioxidant defense, reprograms hepatic lipid metabolism toward catabolism, and restores inflammatory homeostasis. These findings underscore betaine's role as a multi-functional feed additive capable of mitigating HF-related metabolic disorders and promoting overall health in carnivorous fish aquaculture. Show less

Severe hypertriglyceridemia causing acute pancreatitis may necessitate intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Management of hypertriglyceridemia in this setting requires therapies that result in rapid triglyceride lowering that are different from therapies used in the outpatient setting. The purpose of this narrative review is to explore strategies for managing hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGP) in the ICU. Patients may develop acute pancreatitis when triglyceride levels exceed 500 mg/dL, either as their primary reason for admission to the ICU or as an adverse effect of medications received during ICU care. Rapid reduction of triglycerides is attained through activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme essential for the removal of triglycerides from the plasma. Treatment modalities include therapeutic plasma exchange and the combination of insulin and heparin infusions for acute treatment, although there is no consensus on optimal dosing. Fibrates are recommended as first-line agents in prevention of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in high-risk patients. Several therapies are used for acute management of HTGP in the ICU setting. Further research is necessary to refine treatment protocols and establish best practices for managing HTGP in critically ill patients. Show less

Integrated multi-omics analysis has revolutionized the investigation of plant-derived compounds for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Solanesol, a bioactive constituent from Solanaceae plants, exhibits high oral bioavailability and translational potential for multi-target therapeutics. This study aimed to elucidate the multi-target mechanisms and multi-organ protective effects of solanesol in T2DM management through integrated multi-omics approaches, to bridge the gap between phytochemical discovery and clinical translation. In Lepr Solanesol improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and reduced serum lipids, hepatic gluconeogenesis, uric acid, white adipose mass, pancreatic/hepatic inflammation, and renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, solanesol: 1) enriched beneficial gut microbiota (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Parasutterella) and increased levels of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids; 2) rebalanced the dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation​​ microenvironment by modulating the expression and the activities of respiratory chain Complexes I-V; 3) modulated hepatic lipid metabolism by ​inhibiting​​ de novo ​​lipogenesis​​ via the Acly-Acaca-Fasn pathway, promoting cholesterol efflux and fatty acid oxidation​​ through Abca1/Fabp5, and attenuating inflammation​​ via Lpl-PPARδ downregulation. Solanesol demonstrates multi-organ protective effects through gut microbiota-metabolite crosstalk and hepatic lipid/redox homeostasis regulation. Its multi-target efficacy and oral bioavailability position it as a novel, clinically translatable candidate for T2DM management. Show less

This research verified the in vitro study of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) extract and cell-free supernatant (CFS) produced from various probiotic Lactobacillus strains and evaluated its function of anti-obesity. The production of SCFAs produced from the combination of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 provided the highest SCFAs content at fermentation at 24 h and 45°C. The CFS exhibits a markedly stronger ability to prevent adipogenesis compared to the extract. Specifically, the combination of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 demonstrates the highest suppression of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It was observed that the CFS had a dose-dependently inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation, which was linked to a significant downregulation of gene expression levels of C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPARγ, FAS, and LPL. The findings revealed the possibility of utilizing the CFS as a functional food due to its anti-obesity abilities by suppression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Show less

The GramAdapt Social Contact Dataset is a curated dataset of 34 language pairs with qualitative and quantifiable data on social interaction and aspects of societal multilingualism. The language pairs were sampled globally to represent the world's linguistic diversity. The dataset can be used to interrogate the social dimensions of language contact independently or in conjunction with appropriate linguistic data. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to experts who have experience with either one or both of the language communities of a pair. The data represent subjective expert assessments based on choices from predetermined answers which can be quantified. Authors 1, 2 and 3 manually checked the response to identify possible misjudgments or misunderstandings. This results in a dataset containing 13,493 data points. This dataset is a first of its kind in the field of linguistics, built upon wide findings from sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and linguistic anthropology. Show less

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities including elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, and increased waist circumference is increasingly recognized as a condition linked to both physical and psychological health risks. This study aims to investigate genotype-specific differences in psychological distress between healthy individuals and those with metabolic disorders, as well as to examine potential gene metabolic status interactions. This study is a cross-sectional analysis conducted in Turkistan city in the Southern region of Kazakhstan. Participants (healthy and those with metabolic syndrome) were invited to take part in the study by random sampling from the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi Kazakh-Turkish International University Medical Center. Consenting individuals provided a genetic analysis. Psychosomatic indicators were assessed using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 200 individuals participated, with an approximately 3:1 ratio of women to men. The mean age in years was 50.4 ± 9.5 and 48.8 ± 7.7 for men and women, respectively. Preliminary analyses showed variations in cognitive and psychosomatic measures among individuals with metabolic syndrome, but no associations with genetic variants, and no significant group differences across key psychosomatic indicators when stratified by metabolic or genetic factors. However, a significant difference in LPL-Anxiety between genotypes GA-GG ( Variations in metabolic and genetic factors within the studied population were not associated with measurable differences in stress or depressive symptoms. Show less

Hyperlipidemia is a complex lipid metabolism disorder defined as an abnormal increase in circulating levels of one or more plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia model is one of the most commonly used acute models for hyperlipidemia induction in research. However, the metabolic alteration induced by Triton WR-1339 remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers associated with the Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia model. In addition, it aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of metabolic disturbances associated with hyperlipidemia. Male Wistar rats were administered Triton WR-1339 to induce hyperlipidemia. Plasma samples were collected for lipid assays and for metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gene expression in liver, cardiac, and kidney tissues of key associated transporters including SLC16A1, SLC25A10, SLC5A3, and SLC7A8 and SDHA enzyme subunit was assessed using RT-PCR. In-silico analysis complemented experimental data using NEBION Genevestigator and STITCH databases for molecular interactions. Triton WR-1339 administration significantly elevated plasma triglycerides. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated distinct metabolic profiles between control and model groups. Metabolomics results identified potential biomarkers (p < 0.05), including myo-inositol, succinate, creatine, glycine, serine, isoleucine and creatine phosphate, which all showed higher levels in hyperlipidemia group compared to control group while xanthine showed lower levels in hyperlipidemia group. Potential biomarkers were associated with inflammatory, oxidative stress responses, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Gene expression analysis revealed significant tissue-specific alterations including changes in the expression of SDHA in the liver, an upregulated SLC16A1 in cardiac tissue (in-silico and in-vivo), a downregulated SLC5A3 in cardiac tissue (in-vivo), an upregulated SLC25A10 in cardiac tissue (in-vivo) and differential in-silico expression of SLC25A10 across liver and kidney tissues. Further network analysis indicates that Triton WR-1339 may induce hyperlipidemia by significantly elevating triglyceride levels through the inhibition of LPL. Our findings identify a set of metabolites as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia development in the Triton WR-1339 model. Correlation between gene expression analysis and metabolic profiling results demonstrates a possible mechanism in which Triton WR-1339 leads to metabolic disruption during hyperlipidemia induction. Show less

To reveal the molecular basis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome by analyzing the gene expression profiles in synovial fluid and blood of KOA patients with this syndrome. A total of 80 KOA patients were recruited from October 2022 to June 2024, including 40 cases in the non- Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with KOA patients with non-Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, those with Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome had increased BMI, LDL, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, and D-dimer, and decreased HDL, with a clear correlation between the two groups. There were 562 differential genes in the blood, among which 322 were up-regulated and 240 were down-regulated;755 differential genes were found in the synovial fluid, with 350 up-regulated and 405 down-regulated. KEGG signaling pathway analysis of synovial fluid revealed changes in lipid metabolism-related pathways, including cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and PPARG signaling pathway. Analysis of the involved differential genes identified 6 genes in synovial fluid that were closely related to lipid metabolism, namely LRP1, LPL, ACOT6, TM6SF2, DGKK, and PPARG. Subsequently, PCR and immunohistochemical verification were performed using synovial fluid and cartilage samples, and the results were consistent with those of microarray sequencing. This study explores the clinical and genomic correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of lipid metabolism, and proves that abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to KOA with Show less

Rheumatic heart valve disease (RHD) is a chronic immune valvular heart disease caused by rheumatic fever, primarily affecting the mitral and aortic valves. It often leads to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and even premature death. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic drugs available, partially due to the lack of appropriate therapeutic targets. To identify therapeutic targets for RHD, we employed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach integrating identified druggable genomics to assess the causal effect of expression quantitative trait loci of druggable genes in the blood on RHD. Subsequently, we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses on the druggable genes. We used colocalization analysis to test whether the risk of RHD and gene expression are driven by common single nucleotide polymorphisms. Additionally, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database was utilized to evaluate the impact of environmental exposures on druggable genes, and molecular docking was conducted to identify potential small molecule interactions. A total of 6888 druggable genes were collected. After conducting various Mendelian randomization analyses and applying false discovery rate correction, we identified 13 drug targets for RHD: TFRC, FMO4, CA2, HLA-DPB2, OXTR, GRAMD1B, PNP, HLA-DPB1, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1), TUBB, LGR6, F13A1, and LPL. These targets were found to be closely related to immune regulation and inflammatory response in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. Bayesian colocalization analysis established an interaction between LILRB1 and RHD, with a PP.H4 >0.5, LILRB1 demonstrated a protective effect in RHD (OR = 0.833, 95% confidence interval, 0.699-0.993). Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis identified several small molecules influencing LILRB1 mRNA expression, with lipopolysaccharide showing excellent binding affinity in molecular docking with LILRB1 against available structural data for drugs and proteins. Based on a cohort of European ancestry, this study reveals 13 potential therapeutic targets for RHD, with LILRB1 showing particularly promising prospects as a future therapeutic target for RHD. Show less

1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (LPL) is an important structural lipid in breast milk fat, which plays an important role in the health of infants, and therefore the development of an efficient method for the preparation of such compounds is necessary. In the present study, LPL was efficiently catalytically synthesized by immobilized lipase ANL-MARE as a biocatalyst using tripalmitate and linoleic acid in a solvent-free system, and its digestive properties were investigated. The optimal process conditions for the enzymatic acidolysis of LPL were optimized by response surface test: the molar ratio of PPP:LA was 1:10, the enzyme addition was 13.60%, the reaction temperature was 50℃, and the reaction time was 5 h. At this time, the relative content of LPL in the product was 67.78%, of which the relative content of sn-2 palmitic acid (sn-2 PA) accounted for 71.50%. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of LPL resulted in the release of 59.69% of its fatty acids. The digested product contained higher levels of free unsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid monoacylglycerols. In conclusion, the immobilized enzyme ANL-MARE has great potential to catalyze the preparation of LPL, which provides a new strategy and theoretical basis for the efficient preparation of human milk fat substitutes. Show less

Non-Waldenström macroglobulinemia (non-WM) lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare subtype with limited clinical evidence and no confirmed treatment guidelines. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors represent one of the mainstay therapies in WM, but their role in non-WM LPL remains unclear. We report a case of IgG-type non-WM LPL successfully treated with a second-generation BTK inhibitor, tirabrutinib. The patient demonstrated a rapid decline in M-protein and improvement in anemia, with a durable partial response. This case adds to the limited literature supporting BTK inhibitor use in non-WM LPL and highlights the need for further studies to define optimal treatment strategies. Show less

This study investigated the metabolic and pathological effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in db/db mice and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of various Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) products. We aimed to determine whether HFD-induced mitochondrial damage can be improved by different CoQ10 products through either repairing mitochondrial injury or increasing mitochondrial bioenergy, thereby addressing the root cause of oxidative stress. Plasma biochemical analyses revealed that HFD induced hyperglycemia, elevated hepatic transaminases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], and dyslipidemia. Lecithin coenzyme Q10 (SoQ10) significantly improved these parameters, especially in reducing AST (255 ± 73.8 U/L vs. 138 ± 29.4 U/L, p < 0.05), ALT (87.8 ± 17.3 U/L vs. 79.2 ± 11.9 U/L, p < 0.05), and triglyceride levels (142.0 ± 37.0 mg/dL vs. 15.5 ± 2.5 mg/dL, p < 0.05), demonstrating greater efficacy than standard CoQ10. Histological evaluation showed that HFD caused marked hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration. Oil Red O staining further confirmed excessive lipid deposition in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Both Q10 treatments decreased lipid droplet accumulation (p < 0.05), with SoQ10 showing a greater reduction (p < 0.05), indicating its potential to alleviate hepatic steatosis. Further assessments indicated that gene expression analyses showed that HFD upregulated lipid metabolism-related genes [lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2)] (p < 0.05), indicating an imbalance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. SoQ10 modulated these genes and further enhanced ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2) expression, suggesting a role in reestablishing hepatic lipid homeostasis. Additionally, SoQ10 significantly upregulated genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)] (p < 0.05) and mitochondrial dynamics [mitofusin-2 (MFN2), optic atrophy type 1 long isoform (OPA1-L)] as well as fission [dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1)] (p < 0.05), indicating a potential to restore mitochondrial structural balance. In contrast, conventional CoQ10 had a more limited effect, particularly on fusion-related gene expression. SoQ10 demonstrated superior therapeutic potential over conventional CoQ10 in ameliorating hepatic metabolic dysfunction, oxidative mitochondrial damage, and disturbances in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics induced by a high-fat diet. Show less

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, noninfectious, truly nongangrenous, autoinflammatory condition marked by neutrophilic dermatosis. It is characterized by the rapid onset of painful, full-thickness, ulcerative skin lesions with distinctive violaceous and undermined borders. PG is commonly associated with autoimmune and hematologic disorders, namely, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, it has less commonly been reported in association with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and rarely with its subtype, Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). This case unfolds the story of a 72-year-old female patient with a complex medical and primarily cutaneous oncological history, who initially developed painful lesions on her shins suspected to be PG with a superimposed infection. During extensive infectious, rheumatologic, and oncologic workup revealing an IgM monoclonal gammopathy and antibiotic-resistant infections, her condition quickly deteriorated with altered mental status and eventual cardiopulmonary arrest 2 months after the initial PG diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of close follow-up after PG identification for unusual underlying malignancies and suggests that even an indolent malignancy like WM can contribute to aggressive clinical decline in this setting. Show less

Goat milk is prized for its nutritional value, but the illegal addition of δ-decanolactone to enhance flavor poses risks to product integrity and safety. This study employed a tripartite multi-omics framework integrating metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, combined with FTIR and CLSM to systematically elucidate the multifaceted effects of δ-decanolactone on goat milk. Chemometric and bioinformatic pipelines identified dysregulated molecules and pathways, while molecular docking validated interactions with key targets. δ-Decanolactone modifies the secondary structure of proteins, reducing α-helix by 18.3 % and increasing β-sheet by 38.1 %, while concurrently disrupting the integrity of milk fat globule membrane, compromising the emulsifying and functional properties. Multi-omics profiling revealed around 166 metabolites, 378 lipids, and 41 proteins were dysregulated at the high δ-decanolactone exposure. Joint analysis highlights that δ-decanolactone perturbs in amino acid-fatty acid-phospholipid axis via down-regulating PLIN2, FABP3, and LPL levels, and up-regulating B4GALT1 and XDH levels. Molecular docking confirmed stable interactions between δ-decanolactone and key enzymes, linking the observed structural and functional impairments. These findings establish δ-decanolactone as a multifunctional disruptor of goat milk matrix integrity, driving metabolic rewiring and structural collapse. The identified biomarkers provide actionable tools for adulteration monitoring, supporting stricter regulatory policies and optimized dairy processing to safeguard nutritional quality and consumer safety. Show less

To explore the optimal row-ratio in mechanized hybrid rice seed production, a field experiment was conducted in 2024 at Qionglai and Mianzhu using 'Tiantai A' × 'Taihui 808'. Three row-ratio treatments (H1: 18:6, H2: 24:6, and H3: 30:6) were tested using agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (AUAVs) for pollination assistance. The results showed that row-ratio had little effect on sterile line flowering dynamics. The index of flowers meeting (IFM) was 0.71-0.72 at Qionglai and 0.81-0.86 at Mianzhu, with 11 to 12 days of flowering duration. As the row-ratio increased, total pollen quantity in the panicle layer and grain filling rate (GFR) decreased, while grain infection rate (GIR) increased. The responses of grain blighted rate (GBR), grain empty rate (GER), and fertilization success rate (FSR) to row-ratio varied between sites. Pollen density and GFR followed the pattern of near region (NR) > central region (CR) > far region (FR). Within the panicle, pollen density was generally highest in the upper panicle layer (UPL), followed by the middle (MPL) and lower (LPL) layers, with partial exceptions observed in the H2 and H3 treatments at Mianzhu. The vertical distribution of GFR varied by site: at Qionglai, it was apical parts of panicle (APP) > median parts (MPP) > basal parts (BPP), whereas at Mianzhu the order was MPP > APP > BPP. With wider row-ratios, yield per unit area (YUA) and GFR declined (H1 > H2 > H3), while 1,000-grain weight increased or decreased and then increased. Under H1, yields reached 2,107.50 kg ha Show less

Sepsis is a severe systemic infection that can result in organ dysfunction and mortality. Dyslipidemia emerges as a key player in the intricate web of sepsis pathogenesis. Yet, the causal relationship between blood lipid profiles and sepsis risk remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the association between genetically predicted lipid traits, drug targets, and sepsis. The UK Biobank's Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) produced data on lipid and apolipoprotein characteristics. Four independent GWAS datasets were used to generate the sepsis statistics. The study utilized the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, which incorporates multivariable (MVMR) models, to assess the correlations between sepsis risk and lipid-related parameters. To gain further insight, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data were used to investigate the significant drug targets for lipid-lowering. Increasing ApoA-1 levels was associated with a diminished risk of sepsis (under 75) (OR 0.927, 95% CI 0.861-0.999; p = 0.047). This inverse correlation persevered even after performing multivariable MR. Elevated levels of HDL-C were associated with a decreased risk of sepsis (under 75) (OR 0.897, 95% CI 0.838-0.960; P = 0.002) and incidence of sepsis (OR 0.883, 95% CI 0.820-0.951; P = 0.001), which was consistent across sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, a decrease in total cholesterol exhibited a causal effect on sepsis in multivariable MR (OR 0.779, 95% CI 0.642-0.944; P = 0.01). The genetic variants related to lowering LDL-C, located near the HMGCR and LDLR genes, were predicted to elevate the risk of sepsis. Moreover, genetic mimicry near the ANGPTL3 and LPL gene suggested that reducing the activity of ANGPTL3 and LPL (mimicking antisense anti-ANGPTL3 and LPL agents) was forecasted to decrease sepsis risk. Genetically inferred elevated ApoA-1, total cholesterol, and HDL-C manifest a protective effect against sepsis. Within the 9 lipid-lowering drug targets investigated ANGPTL3 and LPL exhibit potential as candidate drug targets for sepsis. Show less

To identify preoperative clinical predictive factors of postoperative speech changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Demographic variables, neuroimaging data, and clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected from consecutive PD patients, before, 1 and 10-years after bilateral STN-DBS at the Grenoble University Hospital (France) from 1993 to 2015. Predictors of postoperative speech changes (demographic, clinical and MRI variables) were assessed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We considered as "event" a worsening of speech subscore (UPDRS item 18; MDS-UPDRS item 3.1) in the postoperative on-stimulation/off-medication (1-year follow-up) or under chronic treatment (10-years follow-up) conditions compared with the preoperative off-medication condition. 324 PD patients (males: 196; disease duration at surgery: 11.10 [± 4.13] years; age at surgery: 56.25 [± 8.52] years) were included in the analysis. Overall, the speech item of the clinical rating did not change in 138 patients (42.6%), it improved in 113 patients (34.9%) and worsened in 73 patients (22.50%) 1-year after surgery. The preoperative off-medication speech item score and the degree of motor improvement after surgery in the med-off condition predicted the 1-year postoperative speech change. In the long-term subgroup (n=51) the preoperative percentage of daily time spent with fluctuations was associated with long-term speech worsening. Effects of STN-DBS on speech can substantially vary in PD patients. Predictors of short-term speech deterioration appears to be related to preoperative off-medication speech impairment and degree of motor improvement after surgery. Show less

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections occur worldwide in goats and sheep and have negative impact on the production and welfare of animals. During recent years, many studies have focused on the host factors that determine the resistance of individual animals to SRLV infection; consideration of such factors would be an alternative to current control programmes based on culling seropositive animals. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the expression of two previously selected goat genes, Primary fibroblast cultures obtained from the skin of goats with high SRLV proviral DNA load (HPL), low proviral load (LPL) or free of infection were inoculated with the A5 SRLV subtype circulating in the flock. The course of infection was observed based on cytopathic changes in cell cultures and the presence of SRLV A5 RNA, of which the level was monitored using a quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The relative expression of the selected host genes following SRLV infection was analysed. The kinetics of SRLV replication differed, and distinctly higher numbers of SRLV particles were detected in cells derived from the HPL animal. The expression profiles of The observed relationship between expression of Show less

Physiology is closely synchronized to daily and seasonal light/dark cycles. Humans artificially extend daylight and experience irregular light schedules, resulting in dysregulation of metabolism and body mass. In rodents, winter-like conditions (cold and short photoperiod) can alter energy balance and adipose tissue mass. To determine if photoperiod alone, independent of temperature, is a strong enough signal to regulate adiposity, we compared the effects of long and short photoperiod at thermoneutrality on adiposity and WAT gene expression in photoperiod-sensitive, F1 generation wild-derived adult male white-footed mice ( Show less

<b>Introduction:</b> Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis) is a currently worldwide increasing gastrointestinal disorder with a particularly high prevalence in Western countries. The operative treatment of acute diverticulitis could be executed through open or laparoscopic techniques. A non-resectional procedure, namely laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) and drainage, has also been adopted as a less invasive treatment strategy to treat patients with diverticular perforation and purulent peritonitis.<b>Aim:</b> The present work was conducted to pool the currently available evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of LPL for the treatment of complicated perforated diverticulitis.<b>Methods:</b> The analysis included studies that compared patients who underwent LPL to those who underwent surgical resection. Fifteen articles were eligible for this review after searching the Scopus, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases.<b>Results:</b> The meta-analysis demonstrated that operative time and blood loss were significantly lower in the LPL group (p<0.001). The rates of overall morbidity and reoperation were comparable in the two groups (p = 0.57 and 0.74, respectively). There were significantly lower rates of cardiovascular (p < 0.001) and respiratory complications (p = 0.01), incisional/parastomal hernia formation (p = 0.02), ICU admission (p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001), permanent stoma formation (p < 0.001), and mortality (p < 0.001), and higher rates of sepsis (p = 0.03), intra-abdominal abscess formation (p < 0.001), and postoperative recurrence (p < 0.001) in the LPL group.<b>Conclusions:</b> Compared to the colon resection procedures for the treatment of complicated diverticulitis, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage had comparable overall morbidity and reoperation rates and lower rates of permanent stoma formation and mortality. Still, there is concern regarding the recurrence and intra-abdominal abscess formation. Show less

This study investigated the hepatic expression of genes involved in stress response (CASP6, CAT, SOD1, HSPA2) and lipid metabolism (LPL, SREBF, FABP1, ACOX1, FADS2) in a local slow-growing chicken breed, the Bionda Piemontese (BP), following two isonitrogenous diets (crude protein, 170 g/kg as fed): a control diet (L) and a high-fat diet (H) obtained by supplementing 6 % palm kernel oil, during the finisher period. Sixty (male and female) chickens were included in the study and slaughtered at five months of age. RNA was extracted from 36 liver samples (18 male and 18 female) and sequenced using the targeted RNA-seq method followed by bioinformatic analysis using DESeq2 to detect differences in gene expression. Overall, the high-fat dietary supplementation did not significantly alter the expression of most stress-related genes, indicating that the high-fat diet did not elicit a hepatic stress response in BP chickens. However, within each sex, the high-fat diet tended to upregulate FADS2 and FABP1 in females, and slightly downregulate ACOX1 in males. Considering sex as an independent factor, FABP1 expression was higher in females, whereas males exhibited significantly higher LPL expression. These findings highlight a clear sexual dimorphism in hepatic lipid gene expression in BP chickens. While dietary fat supplementation had limited impact on differentially expressed genes, the study underscores the importance of sex in shaping metabolic gene expression. It also provides evidence supporting the possible metabolic resilience of the BP breed to tolerate changes in dietary fat content. Further studies are needed to substantiate this claim, and to investigate the long-term effects and the tissue-specific responses of dietary fat supplementation in other organs. Show less

Given that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity assays are not standardized for clinical use, we aimed to define reference values applicable to our clinical setting and identify a cut-off point to help distinguish Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome from Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome, particularly in patients with inconclusive genetic findings. We evaluated 28 patients with a history of TG levels above 880 mg/dL (10 mmol/L), and assessed their likelihood of FCS using the Moulin score. LPL activity was measured in post-heparin plasma using a radiometric assay. Thirty normotriglyceridemic controls were used to define reference values. Genetic testing for FCS canonical genes and lipid profile was performed in all sHTG patients. The reference value for LPL activity was 33.3 (18.7-70.3) mIU, with a cut-off of 8.42 mIU (25 % of the median of NTG) to distinguish FCS from MCS. Eighteen patients without genetic variants in canonical genes, a Moulin score <9 and LPL activity >25 % of NTG, were classified as MCS. Five genetic diagnosed FCS patients, with a Moulin score>10 presented LPL activity <25 % of NTG. Four patients with inconclusive genetic results and a Moulin score>10 were classified as FCS according to LPL activity. LPL activity in patients with sHTG could be useful for differentiating FCS and MCS, particularly in patients with ambiguous or negative genetic findings, highlighting the need for specialized laboratory support in diagnostics. Show less

This study used whole-genome sequence data on 406 beef cattle (203 Hanwoo and 203 Angus) to detect signatures of selection using four different methods; integrated haplotype score (iHS), Rsb, XP-EHH, and runs of homozygosity (ROH). Based on Rsb and XP-EHH analysis, 36 and 21 genomic regions differed significantly between Angus and Hanwoo breeds. Within breeds, we identified 108 regions (76 in Hanwoo and 32 in Angus) with the ROH analysis and 331 regions with the iHS method (298 in Hanwoo and 33 in Angus). The candidate genes related to meat quality, such as HSPA9 and LPL, were found within Hanwoo, while genes associated with growth and meat quantity traits, including ACTC1 and TMEM68, were identified within Angus. This study can assist in understanding the selection history of these breeds and identifying the genomic regions associated with the traits selected for in the breeding programs for these cattle breeds. Show less